Astronomy:Tau Tauri

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Short description: Star system in the constellation Taurus
Not to be confused with T Tauri.
Tau Tauri
Location of τ Tauri (circled)
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension  04h 42m 14.70161s[1]
Declination +22° 57′ 24.9214″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.27[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B3V[3] + ? + A0V–A2V[4] + A1V[5]
U−B color index -0.57[6]
B−V color index -0.14[6]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+14.60[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: -2.89[1] mas/yr
Dec.: -21.86[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)8.19 ± 0.88[1] mas
Distanceapprox. 400 ly
(approx. 120 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)-1.15[2]
Orbit[8]
PrimaryAa
Period (P)2.956549±0.000002 d
Semi-major axis (a)≤ 0.01455 AU
Eccentricity (e)0.051±0.019
Periastron epoch (T)2,436,424.207±0.009 JD
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		126.7±21.8°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		53.6±1.0 km/s
Details
Aa
Mass6.4[9] M☉
Luminosity1,472[10] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)2.60[11] cgs
Temperature18,700[10] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]-0.51[11] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)115[12] km/s
Other designations
Gaja, τ Tau, 94 Tauri, BD+22°739, FK5 174, GC 5716, HD 29763, HIP 21881, HR 1497, SAO 76721, CCDM J04422+2257AB, WDS J04422+2257A, GSC 01830-02129[13]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Tau Tauri, Latinized from τ Tauri (τ Tau) formally named Gaja,[14] is a quadruple star system[5] in the constellation Taurus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.33.[15] The distance to this system is approximately about 400 light years based on parallax.[1] The system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +14.6 km/s,[7] and it is a member of the Taurion OB association, located between Orion and Taurus.[16] It is located 0.7 degree north of the ecliptic, and thus is subject to lunar occultations.[4]

The blue-white hued primary, component Aa, is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3V.[3] It was found to be a close spectroscopic binary in 1903 by American astronomers Edwin B. Frost and Walter S. Adams. The pair have an orbital period of 2.96 days and eccentricity of 0.05.[8] A second companion, white-hued component Ab, has magnitude 6.97 and angular separation 0.2" from the primary in a 58-year orbit.[17][5] This is a probably A-type main-sequence star with a class of A0V–A2V.[4] The more distant component B is a type A1V star with magnitude 7.2 and separation 62.8".[5]

Nomenclature

Tau Tauri, Latinized from τ Tauri, is the star's Bayer designation. The term gaja(h) (Sanskrit: गज) means elephant, and is the name of a constellation from Bali (Indonesia) corresponding to Taurus, attested in the cultural calendar called Palelintangan.[18] The IAU Working Group on Star Names approved the name Gaja for Tau Tauri Aa (in the elephant's tusk) on 22 February 2026.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V.  Vizier catalog entry
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters 38 (5): 331. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. Bibcode: 2012AstL...38..331A.  Vizier catalog entry
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H. (1995). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: V/50. Originally Published in: 1964BS....C......0H 5050. Bibcode: 1995yCat.5050....0H. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Richichi, A. et al. (June 1994). "New binary stars discovered by lunar occultations". Astronomy and Astrophysics 286: 829–837. Bibcode: 1994A&A...286..829R. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (2008). "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 389 (2): 869. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.389..869E.  Vizier catalog entry
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mallama, A. (2014). "Sloan Magnitudes for the Brightest Stars". The Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers 42 (2): 443. Bibcode: 2014JAVSO..42..443M. Vizier catalog entry
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wilson, R. E. (1953). "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities". Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication (Carnegie Institution for Science). ISBN 9780598216885. Bibcode: 1953GCRV..C......0W. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Petrie, R. M.; Ebbighausen, E. G. (1961). "The spectroscopic binary Boss 1107". Publications of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Victoria 11: 385–394. Bibcode: 1961PDAO...11..385P. 
  9. ↑ Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M. (2011). "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 410 (1): 190–200. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x. Bibcode: 2011MNRAS.410..190T.  Vizier catalog entry
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Hohle, M.M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B.F. (2010). "Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants". Astronomische Nachrichten 331 (4): 349. doi:10.1002/asna.200911355. Bibcode: 2010AN....331..349H.  Vizier catalog entry
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Wu, Yue; Singh, H. P.; Prugniel, P.; Gupta, R.; Koleva, M. (2010). "Coudé-feed stellar spectral library – atmospheric parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 525: A71. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015014. Bibcode: 2011A&A...525A..71W. 
  12. ↑ Abt, Helmut A.; Levato, Hugo; Grosso, Monica (2002). "Rotational Velocities of B Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 573 (1): 359–365. doi:10.1086/340590. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...573..359A. 
  13. ↑ "tau Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=tau+Tau. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "IAU Catalog of Star Names". https://exopla.net/star-names/modern-iau-star-names/. 
  15. ↑ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): 3466. doi:10.1086/323920. Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.3466M.  Vizier catalog entry
  16. ↑ Bouy, H.; Alves, J. (December 2015). "Cosmography of OB stars in the solar neighbourhood". Astronomy & Astrophysics 584: 13. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527058. A26. Bibcode: 2015A&A...584A..26B. 
  17. ↑ Malkov, O. Yu.; Tamazian, V. S.; Docobo, J. A.; Chulkov, D. A. (2012). "Dynamical masses of a selected sample of orbital binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics 546: A69. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219774. Bibcode: 2012A&A...546A..69M.  Vizier catalog entry
  18. ↑ "Gaja (गज)". IAU Working Group on Star Names. https://ase.exopla.net/index.php/Gaja. 



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