Astronomy:TrES-2A

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GSC 03549-02811 (sometimes referred to as Kepler-1, or either TrES-2A or TrES-2 parent star in reference to its exoplanet TrES-2b)[1] is a binary star system containing a G-type main-sequence star similar to the Sun. This star is located approximately 704 light-years away in the constellation of Draco. The apparent magnitude of this star is 11.41, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night. The age of this star is about 5 billion years.[2]

Nomenclature

The designation GSC 03549-02811 comes from the Guide Star Catalog.

The star is often called TrES-2,[3] in reference to its planet discovered by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES). The discovery paper[4] and the SIMBAD database[2] use this designation for the planet itself, but other sources call the star TrES-2 (or TrES-2A)[5] and the planet TrES-2b,[6] following the standard exoplanet naming convention. In keeping with the planet being component b, the companion star is designated TrES-2C, although it is also designated Kepler-1B.[2]

The planet was also observed by the Kepler space telescope, and so the star is also known as Kepler-1.[2] Since the planet transits the star, the star is classified as a planetary transit variable and has received the variable star designation V581 Draconis.[7]

Binary star

In 2008 a study was undertaken of fourteen stars with exoplanets that were originally discovered using the transit method through relatively small telescopes. These systems were re-examined with the 2.2M reflector telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain. This star system, along with two others, was determined to be a previously unknown binary star system. The previously unknown secondary star is a dim magnitude 15 K-type star separated by about 232 AU from the primary, appearing offset from the primary by about one arc second in the images. This discovery resulted in a significant recalculation of parameters for both the planet and the primary star.[8]

Planetary system

A light curve for TrES-2A, plotted from TESS data[9]

In 2006, the exoplanet TrES-2b was discovered by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey using the transit method. It was also within the field of view of the Kepler Mission planet-hunter spacecraft.[4] This system continues to be studied by other projects and the parameters are continuously improved.[10] The planet orbits the primary star.[8]

TrES-2b is a hot Jupiter, with a mass and size similar to those of Jupiter but an orbital period of only two days. Its orbit is prograde relative to its star's rotation.[6] In 2011, TrES-2b was found to have a very low albedo, reflecting less than 1 percent of the light from its star, making it the darkest known exoplanet at the time. However, it also emits a significant amount of light because its surface temperature is so hot that it glows red.[11] Due to its close orbit, it is assumed to be tidally locked to its parent star.[12]

The TrES-2A planetary system[13][8]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 1.199(52) MJ 0.03555(75) 2.4706133738(187) 0 (assumed) 83.908(9)° 1.189(25) RJ

The Kepler mission

Main article: Astronomy:Kepler space telescope
An image from Kepler with TrES-2 and the star cluster NGC 6791 outlined (celestial north is towards the lower left corner)

In March 2009, NASA launched the Kepler spacecraft. This spacecraft was a dedicated mission to discover extrasolar planets by the transit method from solar orbit. In April 2009 the project released the first light images from the spacecraft, and TrES-2b was one of two objects highlighted in these images. Although TrES-2b was not the only known exoplanet in the field of view of this spacecraft, it was the only one identified in the first-light images. This object was important for calibration and check-out.[14]

See also

  • List of extrasolar planets

References

  1. ↑ Mislis, D.; Schröter, S.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Cordes, O.; Reif, K. (February 2010). "Multi-band transit observations of the TrES-2b exoplanet". Astronomy and Astrophysics 510: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912910. Bibcode: 2010A&A...510A.107M. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Kepler-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Kepler-1. 
  3. ↑ "TrES-2 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/TrES-2. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 O'Donovan, Francis T. et al. (2006). "TrES-2: The First Transiting Planet in the Kepler Field". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 651 (1): L61–L64. doi:10.1086/509123. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...651L..61O. 
  5. ↑ Barclay, Thomas et al. (December 2012). "Photometrically Derived Masses and Radii of the Planet and Star in the TrES-2 System". The Astrophysical Journal 761 (1): 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...761...53B. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Winn, Joshua N. et al. (August 2008). "The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b". The Astrophysical Journal 682 (2): 1283–1288. doi:10.1086/589235. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...682.1283W. 
  7. ↑ "V581 Dra". General Catalog of Variable Stars - VizieR. https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?V*%20V581%20Dra. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Daemgen, S. et al. (2009). "Binarity of transit host stars. Implications for planetary parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 498 (2): 567–574. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. Bibcode: 2009A&A...498..567D. 
  9. ↑ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html. 
  10. ↑ Alessandro Sozzetti; Torres, Guillermo; Charbonneau, David; Latham, David W.; Holman, Matthew J.; Winn, Joshua N.; Laird, John B.; o’Donovan, Francis T. (August 1, 2007). "Improving Stellar and Planetary Parameters of Transiting Planet Systems: The Case of TrES-2". The Astrophysical Journal 664 (2): 1190–1198. doi:10.1086/519214. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...664.1190S. 
  11. ↑ Kipping, David M.; Spiegel, David S. (October 2011). "Detection of visible light from the darkest world". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 417 (1): L88–L92. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01127.x. Bibcode: 2011MNRAS.417L..88K. 
  12. ↑ "Coal-Black Alien Planet is Darkest Ever Seen". 11 August 2011. https://news.yahoo.com/coal-black-alien-planet-darkest-ever-seen-220601419.html. 
  13. ↑ Raetz, St. et al. (2014). "Transit timing of TrES-2: A combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444 (2): 1351–1368. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1505. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.444.1351R. 
  14. ↑ "Kepler Eyes Cluster and Known Planet". NASA. 2009-04-16. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/multimedia/images/fullFFIHot300.html. 

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Coordinates: Sky map 19h 07m 14s, +49° 18′ 59″




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