Astronomy:UGC 10143

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UGC 10143
Hubble Space Telescope image of UGC 10143
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationHercules
Right ascension16h 02m 17.03s
Declination15° 59' 59.94"
Redshift0.03535
Helio radial velocity10410
Distance537.2 million ly (164.71 million pc)
Group or clusterAbell 2147
Apparent magnitude (B)14.9
Characteristics
TypecD
Mass1.514 trillion M☉
Size312,600 ly (95,830 pc)
Other designations
Z 108-73, Abell 2147 BCG, VV 159, Arp 324, LEDA 56784

UGC 10143 also known as Abell 2147 BCG, is a supergiant elliptical galaxy, luminous infrared galaxy, active galaxy, radio galaxy, and brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation of Hercules.[1][2] The galaxy is 537 million light years (or 164,710,000 parsecs) away at a spectroscopic redshift of 0.03535.[1][2] The galaxy has an apparent B magnitude of 14.9, and it can be observed both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.[1] UGC 10143 is the brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 2147[1], which is a B-M class III galaxy cluster. The galaxy was discovered in 1959 by Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov's catalogue of interacting galaxies.[3]

Characteristics

UGC 10143 is a large, massive supergiant elliptical galaxy in the galaxy cluster, Abell 2147.[1] The galaxy has a total diameter of 313,000 light years (or 95,830 parsecs), or roughly three times larger than the Milky Way.[2] The size was estimated using intermediate surface brightness (POSS1 103a-O) angular diameter of 2 arcmin, and a mean redshift-independent distance of 537 million light years away (or 164,710,000 parsecs).[2]

UGC 10143 is predicted to be extremely massive, having a dynamical stellar mass of 1.51 trillion M☉ (or 1012.18).[4] The galaxy is one of the most massive known in the universe, and is roughly seven times more massive than the stellar mass of the Milky Way.[4]

UGC 10143 is classified as a luminous infrared galaxy, due to the galaxy having an intrinsic K-band luminosity of 224 billion L☉ (or 1011.35).[5]

UGC 10143 has an estimated star-formation rate of 1.06 M☉, typical for low-star forming, and gas poor elliptical galaxies.[6]

The galactic center of UGC 10143 has a active galactic nucleus (also known as an AGN), which is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that is extremely luminous and energetic.[7] The active galactic nucleus is powered by an extremely massive, accreting ultramassive black hole (also referred as a UMBH) with a core-break radius derived mass of 26.3 billion M☉ (or 1010.42).[8] However, there are lower mass estimates for the central black hole of 891 million M☉, and 8.51 billion M☉, but these were calculated using velocity dispersion, and luminosity, which usually leads to underestimated masses.

UGC 10143 has a large population of over 35,000 globular clusters with their brightness, and metal contents measured, which was discovered using data from the Hubble Space Telescope in a survey of star clusters in brightest cluster galaxies.[9] The total mass of all of the 35,000 globular clusters is 5.13 billion M☉.[10]

UGC 10143 is interacting with two different galaxies designated Z 108-70, and Z 108-71.[3] These three galaxies were first noted to be interacting galaxies in 1959 in Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov's catalogue of interacting galaxies.[3] These galaxies are also considered to be a chain of galaxies by Halton Arp in his atlas of peculiar galaxies.[11]

X-ray source

One x-ray source has been discovered in UGC 10143: 2CXO J160218.2+155912, which is classified as a ultraluminous x-ray source, and it was first found in 2022 in a survey of ULX candidates[12] The x-ray source has a total luminosity of 4 million L☉, equivalent to 1.535*1040 erg/s.[12]

Supernova

One supernova has been identified in UGC 10143: SN 2010ad was discovered at magnituide 16 on February 19, 2010 by the Lick Observatory.[13] It was classified as a weak hydrogen line Type II supernova (abbreviated as SNIIb), and is believed to be similar to other supernovae such as SN 1993J.[14] The progenitors of weak hydrogen line Type II supernovae are usually massive stars between 8 M☉ and 50 M☉, or interacting binary stars. (SN 2010ad may actually be hosted by the neighboring galaxy, Z 108-71[15]).

See also

  • Abell 2147, the galaxy's host cluster.
  • A2261-BCG, another brightest cluster galaxy.
  • ESO 383-76, hosts a similar mass central black hole.
  • Holmberg 15A, similar sized type-cD galaxy.
  • List of galaxies with richest globular cluster systems, includes UGC 10143.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "SIMBAD Results for UGC 10143". https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=UGC+10143&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "NED Results for UGC 10143". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=UGC+10143&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Vorontsov-Velyaminov, B. A. (1959). "Atlas i Katalog Vzaimodejstvuûših Galakatik I.". Atlas and Catalog of Interacting Galaxies. Bibcode: 1959VV....C......0V. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959VV....C......0V/abstract. Retrieved 2025-12-31. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mamon, Gary (2020). "The frequency of very young galaxies in the local Universe - II. The view from SDSS spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492 (2): 1791. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3556. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.492.1791M. 
  5. ↑ Tully, Brent (2015). "Galaxy Groups: A 2MASS Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 149 (5): 171. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/171. Bibcode: 2015AJ....149..171T. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AJ....149..171T/abstract. Retrieved 2025-12-31. 
  6. ↑ Kovlakas, K. (2020). "A census of ultraluminous X-ray sources in the local Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498 (4): 4790. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2481. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.498.4790K. 
  7. ↑ Lin, Yen-Ting (2018). "An Analysis Framework for Understanding the Origin of Nuclear Activity in Low-power Radio Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal 155 (5): 188. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aab5b4. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..188L. 
  8. ↑ Dullo, Bililign (2019). "The Most Massive Galaxies with Large Depleted Cores: Structural Parameter Relations and Black Hole Masses". The Astrophysical Journal 886 (2): 80. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4d4f. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...886...80D. 
  9. ↑ "Hubble Captures Giant Elliptical in the Head of the Serpent". 13 May 2022. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-giant-elliptical-in-the-head-of-the-serpent/. 
  10. ↑ Harris, William (2013). "A Catalog of Globular Cluster Systems: What Determines the Size of a Galaxy's Globular Cluster Population?". The Astrophysical Journal 772 (2): 82. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/82. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...772...82H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...772...82H/abstract. Retrieved 2025-12-31. 
  11. ↑ Arp, Halton (1966). "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 14: 1. doi:10.1086/190147. Bibcode: 1966ApJS...14....1A. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966ApJS...14....1A/abstract. Retrieved 2025-12-30. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Walton, D. J. (2022). "A multimission catalogue of ultraluminous X-ray source candidates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (2): 1587. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3001. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.509.1587W. 
  13. ↑ "SN 2010ad". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2010ad. 
  14. ↑ Silverman, J. M. (2010). "Supernova 2010ad in UGC 10143". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (2177): 2. Bibcode: 2010CBET.2177....2S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CBET.2177....2S/abstract. Retrieved 2025-12-31. 
  15. ↑ "SIMBAD Results for SN 2010ad". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=%405349172&Name=SN%202010ad&submit=submit. 



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