Biology:Citrus macroptera
| Citrus macroptera | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Citrus |
| Species: | C. macroptera
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| Binomial name | |
| Citrus macroptera Montrouz.
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Citrus macroptera, also known as hatkhora or shatkora (Template:Lang-syl, syl; Bengali: সাতকরা) cabuyao,[2] Melanesian papeda,[1] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh.
Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[4] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[5]
Description
Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height. Its fruit is about 6–7 cm (2 1⁄2–3 in) in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]
Varieties
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[5]
- C. macroptera var. macroptera
- C. macroptera var. annamensis Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. combara (Raf.) Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle -> C. kerrii (Swingle) Tanaka
Cultivation
Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.[6] A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.[7]
Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.[2]
Uses
Culinary uses
In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.
Perfumery
The oil of the annamensis cultivar is used in the perfume industry.[7]
See also
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Beef Hatkora
- Citrus latipes a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Citrus macroptera | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = December 15, 2017 }}
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). pdf
- ↑ "TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC.". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2724129.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia. [1]
- ↑ S. K. Malik; Susheel Kumar; I. P. Singh; O. P. Dhariwal; Rekha Chaudhury (June 2013). "Socio-economic importance, domestication trends and in situ conservation of wild Citrus species of Northeast India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60 (5): 1660. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9948-x.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 M. N. Miah; Sahina Islam; Syed Hadiuzzaman (2002). "Regeneration of Plantlets Through Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellus Tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis ('Sat Kara')". Plant Tissue Culture 12 (2): 167. https://www.baptcb.org/public/article/ptc12_2_10.pdf.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q5122910 entry
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