Biology:List of citrus fruits

Short description: None

This is a list of citrus fruits:

Common group names

• Japanese citrus
• Lime
  • Australian lime
• Lumia
• Orange
• Papeda
• Sweet lemon

Citrus species

Overview of citrus species

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Bergamot orange		Citrus bergamia	Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange, is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green colour similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange.
Citron		Citrus medica
Clymenia
Desert lime		Citrus glauca	Found in lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest areas of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Commercial uses include boutique marmalade and restaurant dishes, and is exported for such.
Finger lime		Citrus australasica	The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any Citrus species.
Ginger lime Adajamir		Citrus assamensis	Native to Assam and Bangladesh. It is locally cultivated for its fruit, which give a very sour juice with an aroma reminiscent of ginger or eucalyptus.
Hyuganatsu Konatsu Tosakonatsu New Summer Orange		Citrus tamurana	Hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana, Japanese: 日向夏) is a citrus fruit and plant grown in Japan. The name comes from Hyūga, the ancient name of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu, where the citrus is said to have originated, while "natsu" (夏) means summer. Hyūganatsu grown outside Kyushu are sometimes shipped under different names such as Konatsu (小夏), Tosakonatsu (土佐小夏), or New Summer Orange (ニューサマーオレンジ).
Kabosu		Citrus sphaerocarpa	A citrus fruit of an evergreen broad-leaf tree in the family Rutaceae. It is popular in Japan, where its juice is used to improve the taste of many dishes, especially cooked fish, sashimi, and hot pot dishes.
Kawachi Bankan		Citrus kawachiensis	Two varieties of Kawachi Bankan have been identified: one, a hybrid between the ujukitsu (seed parent, Citrus ujukitsu) and an unidentified species (pollen parent), and the other, a hybrid between the yuge-hyoukan (seed parent, Citrus yuge-hyokan) and an unidentified species (pollen parent).
Koji orange		Citrus leiocarpa	Also called smooth-fruited orange in English, is a Citrus species native to Japan.
Kumquat		Citrus japonica	Historically also sometimes thought to be a part of its own Genus, called Fortunella.
Lemon		Citrus limon	A species of small evergreen trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, primarily Northeast India (Assam), Northern Myanmar or China.
Mandarin orange Mandarin Mandarine		Citrus reticulata
Mangshanyegan		Citrus mangshanensis
Myrtle-leaved orange tree Chinotto		Citrus myrtifolia	Citrus myrtifolia, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. It is a compact tree with small leaves and no thorns which grows to a height of 3 m (10 ft) and can be found in Malta, Libya, the south of France, and Italy (primarily in Liguria, typically Savona, and also in Tuscany, Sicily, and Calabria). It is an essential flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the popular Campari apéritif, and of several brands of carbonated soft drinks that are generically called "chinotto".
Pomelo Pummelo Pommelo Shaddock		Citrus maxima	Sometimes called Citrus grandis.
Round lime Australian lime Australian round lime		Citrus australis	Citrus australis, the Dooja, round lime, or Australian round lime, is a large Australian lime shrub or small tree producing an edible fruit. It grows in forest margins in the Beenleigh area and northwards, in Queensland, Australia .
Satsuma Cold hardy mandarin Satsuma mandarin Satsuma orange Christmas orange Tangerine		Citrus unshiu	Citrus unshiu is a semi-seedless and easy-peeling citrus species.
Sudachi		Citrus sudachi
Tangerine		Citrus tangerina

Citron

Overview of citrons

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Citron		Citrus medica
Balady citron Israel citron		Citrus medica	Grown in Israel and used for Jewish ritual purposes.
Buddha's hand Bushukan Fingered citron		Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis	Buddha's hand can be found in Northeast India as well as China .
Corsican citron		Citrus medica
Diamante citron		Citrus medica var. diamante
Etrog		Citrus medica
Greek citron		Citrus medica
Moroccan citron		Citrus medica
Pompia		Citrus medica tuberosa

Clymenia

Overview of clymenias

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Clymenia		Clymenia sp.	Clymenia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae with two species. The genus is often included in Citrus. Clymenia fruits are a small hesperidium, a citrus fruit. Sweet and lemony in flavor, the tangerine-sized fruits are highly segmented, with yellow pulp, and a leathery rind. They contain a large number of polyembryonic seeds.
Clymenia platypoda B.C.Stone		Clymenia platypoda
Clymenia polyandra (Tanaka) Swingle		Clymenia polyandra

Lime

Overview of limes

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Lime
Desert lime		Citrus glauca	Found in lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest areas of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Commercial uses include boutique marmalade and restaurant dishes, and is exported for such.
Finger lime		Citrus australasica	The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any Citrus species.
Ginger lime Adajamir		Citrus assamensis	Citrus assamensis, the adajamir or ginger lime, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to Assam and Bangladesh. It is locally cultivated for its fruit, which give a very sour juice with an aroma reminiscent of ginger or eucalyptus.
Key lime		Citrus × aurantiifolia
Persian lime Tahiti lime Bearss lime		Citrus × latifolia

Mandarin

Overview of mandarins

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Mandarin orange Mandarin Mandarine		Citrus reticulata
Kanpei		Citrus reticulata 'Kanpei'	Kanpei, also known as Ehime queen splash, is a Citrus cultivar that originated in Japan . Kanpei was created by crossing the dekopon and nishinokaori varieties in 1991, although it was not officially introduced until August 2007.

Orange

Overview of oranges

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Orange
Bergamot orange		Citrus bergamia	Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange, is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green colour similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange.
Blood orange		Citrus × sinensis	The blood orange, or raspberry orange, is a variety of sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) with crimson, near blood-colored flesh.
Bitter orange Seville orange Sour orange Bigarade orange Marmalade orange		Citrus × aurantium
Koji orange		Citrus leiocarpa
Navel orange		Citrus × sinensis
Sweet orange Orange		Citrus × sinensis

Papeda

Overview of papedas

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
Papeda			Papedas are a group of less palatable, slow-growing, hardy citrus native to Asia, formerly placed in the subgenus Papeda of the genus Citrus. The papeda group includes some of the most tropical, and also some of the most frost-tolerant citrus plants. They are cultivated far less often than other citrus, though they will all hybridize with other citrus. This group contains about 15 species.
Ichang papeda		Citrus cavaleriei
Kaffir lime		Citrus hystrix

Other cultivars and hybrids

Overview of various citrus cultivars and hybrids

Common name(s)	Image	Taxonomic name/constituents	Notes
AmanatsuNatsumikan		Citrus natsudaidai	A group of cultivars of Citrus natsudaidai, which were discovered in 1740 in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan . Yellowish-orange in colour, about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The natsumikan tree is believed to be genetically derived from the pomelo (Citrus maxima).
Calamondin Calamansi		× Citrofortunella mitis	Calamansi, also known as calamondin, Philippine lime, or Philippine lemon, is an economically important citrus hybrid predominantly cultivated in the Philippines. It is native to the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, and Sulawesi in Indonesia in Southeast Asia, Malaysia as well as southern China and Taiwan in East Asia.
Cam sành		Citrus reticulata × maxima
Citrange		Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata
Citrumelo		× Citroncirus ssp.	Citrumelo is also called Swingle citrumelo trifoliate hybrid, because it is cold hardy and is a hybrid between a 'Duncan' grapefruit and a trifoliate orange, developed by Walter Tennyson Swingle.
Clementine		Citrus × clementina	A clementine is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange, named in honour of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance.
First Lady Anadomikan		Citrus × iyo
Florentine citron		Citrus × limonimedica
Grapefruit		Citrus × paradisi
Haruka		Citrus tamurana × natsudaidai
Hassaku		Citrus × hassaku
Jabara		Citrus × jabara
Kobayashi mikan		Citrus natsudaidai × unshiu
Tsunonozomi		Kiyomi × Encore
Lumia		Citrus × lumia	Lumias represent several distinct citrus hybrids. Usually lumias are referred to as a citron hybrid, because of their size, thick peel and dryness of pulp.
Meyer lemon		Citrus × meyeri
Orangelo		C.paradisi × C. sinensis
Oroblanco Sweetie		C. maxima × C. paradisi	A sweet seedless citrus hybrid fruit (grapefruit × pomelo). Oroblanco was developed as a cross between a diploid acidless pomelo and a seedy white tetraploid grapefruit, resulting in a triploid seedless fruit that is less acidic and less bitter than the grapefruit.
Ponkan		Citrus poonensis	Ponkan (Citrus poonensis; "Chinese Honey Orange") is a high-yield sweet Citrus cultivar with large fruits in the size of an orange. It is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pomelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin.
Taiwan tangerine Flat lemon Hirami lemon Thin-skinned flat lemon		Citrus × depressa
Tangelo Honeybell		C. reticulata × C. maxima or ×C. paradisi
Tangor		C. reticulata × C. sinensis
Jamaican tangelo		C. reticulata × C. paradisi
Kinkoji unshiu		C. obovoidea × C. unshiu
Kinnow		C. nobilis × C. deliciosa
Kiyomi		Citrus unshiu × Citrus sinensis	Kiyomi (清見, kiyomi) (Citrus unshiu × sinensis) is a Japanese citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a Miyagawa Wase mikan and an orange.
Ponderosa lemon		Citrus maxima × C. medica
Rangpur Lemandarin		Citrus × limonia
Shangjuan Ichang lemon		Citrus cavaleriei × C. maxima
Shonan Gold		Citrus flaviculpus hort. ex Tanaka (Ōgonkan) × Citrus unshiu
Sweet limetta Mediterranean sweet lemon Sweet lemon Sweet lime		Citrus limetta (C. medica × C. × aurantium )	Citrus limetta, alternatively considered to be a cultivar of Citrus limon, C. limon 'Limetta', is a species of citrus, commonly known as mousami, musami, sweet lime, sweet lemon, and sweet limetta, it is a member of the sweet lemons. It is small and round like a common lime in shape. It is a cross between the citron (Citrus medica) and a bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium).
Volkamer lemon		Citrus volkameriana (C. medica × C. reticulata )	Like the Rangpur lime and rough lemon, it is a hybrid of a mandarin orange (C. reticulata) and a citron (C. medica), with the citron being the pollen parent and the mandarin being the seed parent. The fruit is moderately large (around the size of an orange), seedy, round and slightly elongated, and yellow-orange in color.
Yukou		Citrus yuko	The yūkō (ゆうこう), also written yukou, is a Japanese citrus found in the Nagasaki Prefecture and Saga Prefecture of Japan. Genetic analysis has shown it to be a cross between the kishumikan and koji, a part-tachibana orange hybrid native to Japan.
Yuzu		Citrus cavaleriei × C. reticulata

See also

• List of lemon dishes and drinks

External links

• "The Citrus Family Tree", National Geographic