Biology:Hymenopterida

Short description: Order of insects

Hymenopterida Temporal range: Triassic–present
Male small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Clade:	Eumetabola
Clade:	Holometabola
Superorder:	Hymenopterida
Orders
Hymenoptera Panorpida Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera

Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera). However, more recent studies find Hympenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.

Evolution

The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera and the orders that comprise Panorpida.

Endopterygota	Neuropteroidea   Coleopterida     Neuropterida     Hymenopterida   Hymenoptera   Panorpida Antliophora   Diptera (true flies)       Mecoptera (scorpionflies, hangingflies)     Siphonaptera (fleas)       Amphiesmenoptera   Trichoptera (caddisflies)     Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)     (Mecopterida)
(Holometabola)

More recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola, with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.

Holometabola

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps)   Aparaglossata Neuropteroidea Neuropterida   Raphidioptera (snakeflies)       Megaloptera (alderflies and allies)     Neuroptera (Lacewings and allies)       Coleopterida   Coleoptera (beetles)     Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites)       Panorpida Amphiesmenoptera   Trichoptera (caddisflies)     Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)     Antliophora   Diptera       Mecoptera (scorpionflies)     Siphonaptera (fleas)

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q21215825 entry