Biology:Hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis

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The hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (HPS axis), or hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) from the somatotropes of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) production by GH in tissues such as, namely, the liver.[1][2][3] Other hypothalamic–pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH; somatostatin), and ghrelin (GHS) are involved in the control of GH secretion from the pituitary gland.[1] The HPS axis is involved in postnatal human growth.[1] Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome (GHR insensitivity) show symptoms like short stature, dwarfism and obesity, but are also protected from some forms of cancer.[4][5] Conversely, acromegaly and gigantism are conditions of GH and IGF-1 excess usually due to a pituitary tumor, and are characterized by overgrowth and tall stature.[6][7]

See also

  • Somatopause

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 J. Larry Jameson (22 March 2013). Harrison's Endocrinology, 3E. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-07-181487-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=yFzFQMCMOGYC. 
  2. ↑ Rainer Straub (8 April 2015). The Origin of Chronic Inflammatory Systemic Diseases and their Sequelae. Elsevier Science. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-12-803322-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=kaAGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70. 
  3. ↑ P.J. Buttery; D.B. Lindsay; N.B. Haynes (22 January 2016). Control and Manipulation of Animal Growth: Proceedings of Previous Easter Schools in Agricultural Science. Elsevier Science. pp. 259–. ISBN 978-1-4831-6186-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=ha_YBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA259. 
  4. ↑ Disorders of Growth Hormone in Childhood. 2000. PMID 25905205. 
  5. ↑ "IGF-I deficiency, longevity and cancer protection of patients with Laron syndrome". Mutat. Res. 772: 123–133. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.002. PMID 28528685. 
  6. ↑ Acromegaly. 2017. PMID 28613738. 
  7. ↑ Gigantism. 2000. PMID 25905378. 




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