Biology:Lactobacillus crispatus

From HandWiki
Short description: Species of bacterium

Lactobacillus crispatus
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Lactobacillaceae
Genus: Lactobacillus
Species:
L. crispatus
Binomial name
Lactobacillus crispatus
(Brygoo and Aladame 1953)
Moore and Holdeman 1970

Lactobacillus crispatus is an aerotolerant, gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore forming, rod shaped, lactic acid producing bacteria. It is host adapted and commonly found in the vagina and in the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract and is thought to be beneficial to health.[1][2]

Some strains are commercially available as a probiotic that can be used by women to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiota.[3][4] Another strain, CTV-05 is being evaluated specifically for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis,[5][6][7] which is characterized by overgrowth of other bacteria, potentially as a result of the absence of Lactobacillus flora that can serve to protect the host from infection.[6][8]

History

The species name derives from Latin crispatus, meaning "curled", referring to the shape of the bacteria.[9] L. crispatus was first isolated in 1953 by Brygoo and Aladame, who proposed it as a new species of the genus Eubacterium.[10] In the 1970s the type strain VPI 3199 (ATCC 33820) of L. crispatus (at the time still designated "Eubacterium crispatum") was deposited in the collection of the Anaerobe Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI), where it was identified as a Lactobacillus[11] and characterized[12] by Moore and Holdeman.

Addressing the problem of genetic heterogeneity among a vast number of strains identified as L. acidophilus based on phenotypic similarity, Johnson et al. performed DNA homology experiments on 89 previously proposed L. acidophilus strains and delineated six distinct homology groups.[13] Only the strains pertaining to DNA homology group A1 were still designated L. acidophilus. Strains in the homology groups A2, A3, A4, B1 and B2 were proposed to be distinct species[13] and later reclassified as L. crispatus, L. amylovorus, L. gallinarum, L. gasseri and L. johnsonii respectively.[14] In the case of L. crispatus this happened in 1983 as Cato and her coworkers recharacterized strain VPI 3199 and discovered 100% DNA homology with VPI 7635 (ATCC 33197), the type strain of "L. acidophilus" group A2.[15]

Taxonomy

It is a species in the phylum Bacillota, in the class Bacilli, in the order Lactobacillales, in the family Lactobacillaceae and the genus Lactobacillus.[16] Previously, it is one of over 200 other species identified within the genus, though the majority were reassigned to new genera in 2020.[17]

Lactobacillus crispatus remains within the Lactobacillus genus after the 2020 reclassification because its strain- and species-level traits align within the core Lactobacillus lineage and its ecological niche, rather than with the newly defined non-Lactobacillus genera. Key factors include that it shares signature genes associated with mucosal adhesion and colonization as well as metabolic and bacteriocin profiles typical of Lactobacillus species like lactic acid production and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, it is host-adapted (with hosts including vertebrate gastrointestinal tracts and human vaginas) and its conserved core-genome groups closely with the Lactobacillus clade.[17]

Genome

Even within L. crispatus there is substantial genetic variation: strains of L. crispatus have genome sizes ranging from 1.83 to 2.7 Mb, and encode 1,839 (EM-LC1) to 2,688 (FB077-07) proteins.[18]

Different L. crispatus strains possess host and body site-specific adaptations that enable it to thrive in distinct ecological niches such as the human vaginal tract and the poultry gut.

Comparative genomic analyses of 105 L. crispatus strains from human and poultry origins reveal that, strains cluster distinctly by host species and body site while maintaining a conserved core genome. Vaginal isolates of L. crispatus contain many genes related to acid tolerance, redox activity, carbohydrate-binding molecules, and mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress. Meanwhile, gut-derived strains from humans and poultry contain many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, CRISPR-Cas immune system types, prophage sequences, and surface structures like pili.[19][20]

Ecology

Lactobacillus crispatus was originally isolated from a pouch in a chicken gullet[16] and is considered to be one of the strongest H2O2-producing lactobacilli[21]. Its niche is characterized by nutrient-rich, microaerophilic to anaerobic conditions and is a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract in healthy women as well as the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, namely humans, chickens and turkeys.[19][20][22][23] Functionally, like other lactic acid-producing bacteria, it may prevent infections through production of lactic acid, thereby lowering the pH (typically below 4.5).[6]

Like many other Lactobacillus species, it can be severely altered by changes to the immune system, hormone levels and from the use of antimicrobials.[24][25]

Probiotic use

Main article: Biology:LACTIN-V

Many scientific studies in humans are being conducted with different Lactobacillus crispatus strains to test for the prevention of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infections, and preterm birth[26][27][28][7].

One example, CTV-05 gelatin suppository capsules (LACTIN-V)[5] are inserted into the vagina as a probiotic that can help maintain a healthy microbiome.[6] Studies have shown that L. crispastus CTV-05 effectively colonized the vagina and helped prevent and treat recurrent bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections.[29] Scientists have stated that evidence from clinical trials suggests that these probiotics will safely and effectively treat bacterial vaginosis if used alone or alongside an antibiotic treatment if an infection had already arisen.[4][5][29]

In poultry, L. crispatus supplementation either alone or together with other Lactobacillus species is being tested to determine whether there are beneficial effects regarding inflammation, dysbiosis and production metrics.[30][31]

References

  1. ↑ "Genome sequence of Lactobacillus crispatus ST1". Journal of Bacteriology 192 (13): 3547–8. July 2010. doi:10.1128/JB.00399-10. PMID 20435723. 
  2. ↑ Ravel, J; Gajer, P; Abdo, Z; Schneider, GM; Koenig, SS; McCulle, SL; Karlebach, S; Gorle, R et al. (15 March 2011). "Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 4680-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.1002611107. PMID 20534435. 
  3. ↑ "DNA fingerprinting of Lactobacillus crispatus strain CTV-05 by repetitive element sequence-based PCR analysis in a pilot study of vaginal colonization". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41 (5): 1881–7. May 2003. doi:10.1128/jcm.41.5.1881-1887.2003. PMID 12734221. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dwyer, Jeremy P; Dwyer, Peter L (August 2013). "Lactobacillus probiotics may prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women". Evidence Based Medicine 18 (4): 141–142. doi:10.1136/eb-2012-100961. PMID 23125237. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Vaginal colonization by probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 is decreased by sexual activity and endogenous Lactobacilli". The Journal of Infectious Diseases 199 (10): 1506–13. May 2009. doi:10.1086/598686. PMID 19331578. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Reid, Gregor; Burton, Jeremy (March 2002). "Use of Lactobacillus to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria". Microbes and Infection 4 (3): 319–324. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01544-7. PMID 11909742. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1286457902015447. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chetty, Callin; Mafunda, Nomfuneko; Happel, Anna-Ursula; Khan, Anam; Cooley Demidkina, Briah; Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla; Saidi, Yusra; Mahabeer Polliah, Asthu et al. (September 2025). "Randomized trial of multi-strain Lactobacillus crispatus vaginal live biotherapeutic products after antibiotic therapy for bacterial vaginosis: study protocol for VIBRANT (vaginal lIve biotherapeutic RANdomized trial)". Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 48. doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101554. ISSN 2451-8654. PMID 41050878. 
  8. ↑ "Vaginal lactobacillus flora of healthy Swedish women". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (8): 2746–9. August 2002. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.8.2746-2749.2002. PMID 12149323. 
  9. ↑ Zheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B.; Mattarelli, Paola; O'Toole, Paul W.; Pot, Bruno et al. (1 April 2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. PMID 32293557. 
  10. ↑ Brygoo, E. R.; Aladame, N. (1953). "Étude d'une espèce nouvelle anaérobie stricte du genre Eubacterium: E. crispatum n. sp." (in fr). Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 84 (3): 640–641. PMID 13124957. 
  11. ↑ Moore, W. E. C.; Holdeman, L. V. (1970). "Propionibacterium, Arachnia, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium". in Cato, E. P.; Cummins, C. S.; Holdeman, L. V. et al.. Outline of Clinical Methods in Anaerobic Bacteriology (2nd ed.). Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Anaerobe Laboratory. pp. 15–21. 
  12. ↑ Holdeman, L. V.; Cato, E. P.; Moore, W. E. C. (1977). Anaerobe Laboratory Manual (4th ed.). Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. pp. 1–156. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Johnson, J. L.; Phelps, C. F.; Cummins, C. S.; London, J.; Gasser, F. (1980). "Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 30 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-53. 
  14. ↑ Du Plessis, E. M.; Dicks, L. M. T. (1995). "Evaluation of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR as a method to differentiate Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus johnsonii". Current Microbiology 31 (2): 114–118. doi:10.1007/BF00294286. PMID 7606186. 
  15. ↑ Cato, E. P.; Moore, W. E. C. (1983). "Synonymy of strains of "Lactobacillus acidophilus" group A2 (Johnson et al. 1980) with the type strain of Lactobacillus crispatus (Brygoo and Aladame 1953) Moore and Holdeman 1970". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 33 (2): 426–428. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-426. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "KEGG GENOME: Lactobacillus crispatus". http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_organism?org=lcr. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Zheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B.; Mattarelli, Paola; O'Toole, Paul W.; Pot, Bruno et al. (2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 32293557. 
  18. ↑ "Genomic Comparisons of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners Reveal Potential Ecological Drivers of Community Composition in the Vagina". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82 (24): 7063–7073. December 2016. doi:10.1128/AEM.02385-16. PMID 27694231. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Pan, Meichen; Hidalgo-Cantabrana, Claudio; Barrangou, Rodolphe (2020-03-01). "Host and body site-specific adaptation of Lactobacillus crispatus genomes" (in en). NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics 2 (1). doi:10.1093/nargab/lqaa001. ISSN 2631-9268. https://academic.oup.com/nargab/article/doi/10.1093/nargab/lqaa001/5715213. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Zhang, Qiuxiang; Zhang, Lili; Ross, Paul; Zhao, Jianxin; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Wei (2020). "Comparative Genomics of Lactobacillus crispatus from the Gut and Vagina Reveals Genetic Diversity and Lifestyle Adaptation" (in en). Genes 11 (4): 360. doi:10.3390/genes11040360. ISSN 2073-4425. PMID 32230824. 
  21. ↑ Mancabelli, Leonardo; Mancino, Walter; Lugli, Gabriele Andrea; Milani, Christian; Viappiani, Alice; Anzalone, Rosaria; Longhi, Giulia; van Sinderen, Douwe et al. (2021-03-26). Björkroth, Johanna. ed. "Comparative Genome Analyses of Lactobacillus crispatus Isolates from Different Ecological Niches Reveal an Adaptation of This Species to the Human Vaginal Environment" (in en). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 87 (8). doi:10.1128/AEM.02899-20. ISSN 0099-2240. PMID 33579685. 
  22. ↑ "Vaginal microbiota and viral sexually transmitted diseases". Annali di Igiene 25 (5): 443–56. September 2013. doi:10.7416/ai.2013.1946. PMID 24048183. 
  23. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3. 
  24. ↑ Decout, Alexiane; Krasias, Ioannis; Roberts, Lauren; Gimeno Molina, Belen; Charenton, Chloé; Brown Romero, Daniel; Tee, Qiong Y.; Marchesi, Julian R. et al. (2024-12-30). "Lactobacillus crispatus S-layer proteins modulate innate immune response and inflammation in the lower female reproductive tract" (in en). Nature Communications 15 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55233-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 39737998. 
  25. ↑ Odogwu, Nkechi Martina; Onebunne, Chinedum Amara; Chen, Jun; Ayeni, Funmilola A.; Walther-Antonio, Marina R. S.; Olayemi, Oladapo O.; Chia, Nicholas; Omigbodun, Akinyinka O. (2021-09-13). "Lactobacillus crispatus thrives in pregnancy hormonal milieu in a Nigerian patient cohort" (in en). Scientific Reports 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96339-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 34518588. 
  26. ↑ Corbett, Gillian A.; Corcoran, Siobhan; Feehily, Conor; Soldati, Benedetta; Rafferty, Anthony; MacIntyre, David A.; Cotter, Paul D.; McAuliffe, Fionnuala M. (February 2025). "Preterm-birth-prevention with Lactobacillus crispatus oral probiotics: Protocol for a double blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial (the PrePOP study)" (in en). Contemporary Clinical Trials 149. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107776. PMID 39701375. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1551714424003598. 
  27. ↑ Santarelli, Giulia; Rosato, Roberto; Cicchinelli, Michela; Iavarone, Federica; Urbani, Andrea; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Delogu, Giovanni; De Maio, Flavio (2025-06-11). "The activity of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus crispatus M247: a promising treatment against vaginal infections" (in English). Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 15. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1586442. ISSN 2235-2988. PMID 40568705. 
  28. ↑ Armstrong, Christy N.; Saha, Sudeshna; Aagard, Marnie A.; Mahmoud, Mohamed Y.; Varki, Nissi M.; Gilbert, Nicole M.; Frieboes, Hermann B.; Lewis, Warren G. et al. (2025-04-16). "Preclinical validation of electrospun fibers to achieve vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus crispatus" (in English). Frontiers in Bacteriology 4. doi:10.3389/fbrio.2025.1562077. ISSN 2813-6144. PMID 40831599. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1906-1915, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915254
  30. ↑ Abdelaziz, Khaled; Nixon, Thandi; Joye, Annie; Hassan, Hosni; Alizadeh, Mohammadali; Sharif, Shayan; Kulkarni, Raveendra R. (September 2024). "Modulation of functional activity of heat-stressed chicken macrophages by poultry-derived probiotic lactobacilli". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 104 (3): 301–312. doi:10.1139/cjas-2023-0124. ISSN 0008-3984. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjas-2023-0124. 
  31. ↑ Alizadeh, Mohammadali; Fletcher, Charlotte; Oladokun, Samson; Mallick, Amirul I.; Abdelaziz, Khaled; St-Denis, Myles; Raj, Sugandha; Blake, Katherine et al. (August 2025). "Treatment of chickens with probiotics under conditions conducive to necrotic enteritis development". Research in Veterinary Science 192. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105711. ISSN 0034-5288. PMID 40449136. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528825001857. 

Wikidata ☰ Q2355641 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Lactobacillus_crispatus&oldid=4323146"