Biology:Eubacterium
| Eubacterium | |
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| Genus: | Eubacterium Prévot, 1938[1]
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| Type species | |
| Eubacterium foedans (Klein 1908) Prévot 1938
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| Species | |
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Eubacterium acidaminophilum
Eubacterium aggregans[2] | |
Eubacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae. These bacteria are characterised by a rigid cell wall. They may either be motile or nonmotile. If motile, they have a flagellum. A typical flagellum consists of a basal body, filament, and hook. The long filament is the organ which helps eubacteria move.[citation needed]
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick proteoglycan layer and take up violet Gram stain (whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner proteoglycan layer which is surrounded by a layer of immune response-inducing lipopolysaccharide, and do not take up Gram stain). All living organisms are classified into three major domains: Domain Eukaryota (eukaryotes), Domain Eubacteria (true bacteria), and Domain Archaea (archaebacteria). Domain Eubacteria includes the true bacteria. It is the largest domain that includes a large group of organisms. What is eubacterial cell type? Eubacteria -as well as archaebacteria- are prokaryotes. Conversely, the Eukarya is composed only of eukaryotes. Unlike simple prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells tend to be more complex. They include the unicellular and multicellular protists, plants, algae, and animals.
Do prokaryotes have cell walls? Prokaryotic Eubacteria includes bacteria with cell walls consisting of peptidoglycan. However, not all bacteria have cell walls. But all eubacteria have a cell membrane. Bacterial cell membranes consist of glycerol and fatty acid combined together by an ester bond.
What are eubacteria? Eubacteria (sometimes called simply as “bacteria”) are small organisms that cannot be seen by naked eyes; thus, microscopes are used to visualize and study their morphology. To do so, bacteria are stained. Staining is an essential microbiological technique as it helps in highlighting the whole bacterial structure and cellular shape. Bacteria are classified according to Gram staining. Some of them are gram-negative whereas others are gram-positive.
Gram-positive bacteria have several layers of peptidoglycan in their rigid and thick cell wall, which is highlighted by gram staining. The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria contains lipoteichoic acid that is composed mainly of alcohol and phosphate in the plasmic space. Lipoteichoic acid function helps the bacterial cell to grow. It also protects the bacterial cell wall from lysis. Lipoteichoic acid provides the wall antigenic specificity to gram-positive bacteria; therefore, it helps in the grouping of gram-positive bacteria into several types.
The gram-negative bacterial cell wall consists of only one layer of peptidoglycan and has no lipoteichoic acid so gram stain cannot bind to their cell wall. As a result of its weak structure, the gram-negative bacterial cell wall is susceptible to mechanical damage. The outer membrane of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall consists of negatively-charged particles, such as lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, and lipoproteins that enable gram-negative bacteria to evade immune cell detection, phagocytosis, and the action of complements produced by the immune system of the host. Moreover, this outer structure protects gram-negative bacteria from bile salts, heavy metals, digestive enzymes, detergents, and some antibiotics, such as penicillins.
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eubacterium. |
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Wikidata ☰ Q5405346 entry
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