Biology:List of Proteales of South Africa

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Short description: Flowering plants in the order Proteales recorded from South Africa


Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families which has been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales can be very different from each other – the order contains plants that do not look alike at all. What they have in common is seeds with little or no endosperm, and the ovules are often atropic. The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms – the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses – as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]

Two families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Platanaceae

Family: Platanaceae,[4]

Platanus

Genus Platanus:[4]

  • Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Proteaceae

Family: Proteaceae,[4]

Aulax

Genus Aulax:[4]

Banksia

Genus Banksia:[4]

  • Banksia coccinea R.Br. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Banksia ericifolia L.f. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
    • Banksia ericifolia L.f. subsp. ericifolia, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Banksia formosa (R.Br.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Banksia integrifolia L.f. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Banksia serrata L.f. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Banksia speciosa R.Br. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Brabejum

Genus Brabejum:[4]

  • Brabejum stellatifolium L. endemic

Diastella

Genus Diastella:[4]

  • Diastella bryiflora Salisb. ex Knight, accepted as Diastella thymelaeoides (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. thymelaeoides, indigenous
  • Diastella buekii (Gand.) Rourke, endemic
  • Diastella divaricata (P.J.Bergius) Rourke, indigenous
    • Diastella divaricata (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. divaricata, endemic
    • Diastella divaricata (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. montana Rourke, endemic
  • Diastella ericaefolia Salisb. ex Knight, accepted as Diastella proteoides (L.) Druce, indigenous
  • Diastella fraterna Rourke, endemic
  • Diastella myrtifolia (Thunb.) Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Diastella parilis Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Diastella proteoides (L.) Druce, endemic
  • Diastella serpyllifolia Salisb. ex Knight, accepted as Diastella divaricata (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. montana Rourke, indigenous
  • Diastella thymelaeoides (P.J.Bergius) Rourke, endemic
    • Diastella thymelaeoides (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. meridiana Rourke, endemic
    • Diastella thymelaeoides (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. thymelaeoides, endemic

Dryandra

Genus Dryandra:[4]

  • Dryandra formosa R.Br. accepted as Banksia formosa (R.Br.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Faurea

Genus Faurea:[4]

Grevillea

Genus Grevillea:[4]

Hakea

Genus Hakea:[4]

  • Hakea acicularis (Vent.) Salisb. ex Knight, accepted as Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hakea drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) Roem. & Schult. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B.L.Burtt, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hakea sericea Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hakea suaveolens R.Br. accepted as Hakea drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) Roem. & Schult. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hakea victoria Drumm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Leucadendron

Genus Leucadendron:[4]

Leucospermum

Genus Leucospermum:[4]

Macadamia

Genus Macadamia:[4]

Mimetes

Genus Mimetes:[4]

Orothamnus

Genus Orothamnus:[4]

  • Orothamnus zeyheri Pappe ex Hook.f. endemic

Paranomus

Genus Paranomus:[4]

  • Paranomus abrotanifolius Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Paranomus adiantifolius Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Paranomus bolusii (Gand.) Levyns, endemic
  • Paranomus bracteolaris Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Paranomus candicans (Thunb.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Paranomus capitatus (R.Br.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Paranomus centaureoides Levyns, endemic
  • Paranomus concavus (Lam.) Kuntze, accepted as Diastella thymelaeoides (P.J.Bergius) Rourke subsp. thymelaeoides, indigenous
  • Paranomus dispersus Levyns, endemic
  • Paranomus dregei (H.Buek ex Meisn.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Paranomus esterhuyseniae Levyns, endemic
  • Paranomus lagopus (Thunb.) Salisb. endemic
  • Paranomus longicaulis Salisb. ex Knight, endemic
  • Paranomus reflexus (E.Phillips & Hutch.) Fourc. endemic
  • Paranomus roodebergensis (Compton) Levyns, endemic
  • Paranomus sceptrum-gustavianus (Sparrm.) Hyl. endemic
  • Paranomus spathulatus (Thunb.) Kuntze, endemic
  • Paranomus spicatus (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze, endemic
  • Paranomus tomentosus (E.Phillips & Hutch.) N.E.Br. endemic

Protea

Genus Protea:[4]

Serruria

Genus Serruria:[4]

Sorocephalus

Genus Sorocephalus:[4]

Spatalla

Genus Spatalla:[4]

Telopea

Genus Telopea:[4]

  • Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Vexatorella

Genus Vexatorella:[4]

References

  1. ↑ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082. 
  2. ↑ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/03plants.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. http://pza.sanbi.org/vegetation. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. http://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/species_checklist_20180710.csv. 



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