Biology:List of ichthyosauromorph genera
This list of ichthyosauromorphs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the clade Ichthyosauromorpha, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered ichthyopterygian. Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygians shall be noted as such. This list contains 108 genera.
Scope and terminology
There is no official, canonical list of ichthyosauromorph genera but one of the most thorough attempts can be found at the "Ichthyosauromorpha" section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive.[1]
Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:
- Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
- Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen. In this case, these nomina nuda will be deleted from this list in favor of the published name.
- Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
- Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.
The list
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See also
- Ichthyosaur
- Ichthyopterygia
- List of dinosaurs
- List of mosasaurs
- List of plesiosaurs
- List of pterosaurs
- List of ichthyosaur type specimens
- Timeline of ichthyosaur research
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Haaramo, Mikko (14 July 2004). "Ichthyosauromorpha". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/reptilia/ichthyosauromorpha/ichthyosauromorpha.html. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Fischer,V.; Maisch, M.W.; Naish, D.; Kosma, R.; Liston, J.; Joger, U.; Krüger, F.J.; Pérez,J.P. et al. (2012). "New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary". PLOS ONE 7 (1): e29234. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029234. PMID 22235274. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...729234F.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jair Israel Barrientos Lara; Jesús Alvarado Ortega; Marta S.Fernández (2020). "Acuetzpalin carranzai gen et sp. nov. A new ophthalmosauridae (Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Durango, North Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 98: Article 102456. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102456. Bibcode: 2020JSAES..9802456B.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bardet, N; Fernández, M (2000). "A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria". Journal of Paleontology 74 (3): 503–511. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0503:aniftu>2.0.co;2. http://doc.rero.ch/record/14941/files/PAL_E2088.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Fernández, M. (2007). "Redescription and phylogenetic position of Caypullisaurus (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae)". Journal of Paleontology 81 (2): 368–375. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[368:RAPPOC2.0.CO;2].
- ↑ Zverkov, N.G.; Grivoriev, D.V.; Wolnievicz, A.S.; Konstantinov, A.G.; Sobolev, E.S. (2021). "Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the New Siberian Islands, Russian Arctic, and their implications for the evolution of the ichthyosaurian basicranium and vertebral column". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 113: 51–74. doi:10.1017/S1755691021000372.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Dal Sasso, Cristiano and Giovanni Pinna, 1996. Besanosaurus leptorhynchus n. gen. n. sp., a new shastasaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, N. Italy). Paleontologia Lombarda, Nuova seire Volume IV: 1-23.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (entry on Reptilia)". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=663&rank=class. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Haaramo, Mikko (11 March 2008). "Ophthalmosauria". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/reptilia/ichthyosauromorpha/ophthalmosauria.html. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Efimov, VM. (1998). "An Ichthyosaur, Otschevia pseudoscythica gen. et sp. nov from the Upper Jurassic Strata of the Ulyanovsk Region (Volga Region)". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 32 (2): 187–191.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 Maisch, MW; Matzke, AT. (2000). "The Ichthyosauria". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 298: 1–159. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/278993#page/351/mode/1up.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Haaramo, Mikko (11 March 2004). "Euichthyosauria". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/reptilia/ichthyosauromorpha/euichthyosauria.html. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Haaramo, Mikko (11 March 2008). "Ichthyosauria". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/reptilia/ichthyosauromorpha/ichthyosauria.html. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ↑ Ryosuke Motani; Da-Yong Jiang; Guan-Bao Chen; Andrea Tintori; Olivier Rieppel; Cheng Ji; Jian-Dong Huang (2015). "A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China". Nature 517 (7535): 485–488. doi:10.1038/nature13866. PMID 25383536. Bibcode: 2015Natur.517..485M.
- ↑ Fernández, Marta S.; Campos, Lisandro; Maxwell, Erin E.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2021-01-02). "Catutosaurus gaspariniae , gen. et sp. nov. (Ichthyosauria, Thunnosauria) of the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia and the evolution of the ophthalmosaurids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 41 (1): e1922427. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1922427. ISSN 0272-4634. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1922427.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Maisch; Matzke, A. T. (2000). "The mixosaurid ichthyosaur Contectopalatus from the Middle Triassic of the German Basin". Lethaia 33 (2): 71–74. doi:10.1080/00241160050150186.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Jørn H. Hurum; Espen M. Knutsen; Hans Arne Nakrem (2012). "Two new ophthalmosaurids (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Agardhfjellet Formation (Upper Jurassic: Volgian/Tithonian), Svalbard, Norway". Norwegian Journal of Geology 92 (2–3): 311–339. https://njg.geologi.no/images/NJG_articles/NJG_2_3_2012_17_Druckenmiller_etal_Pr.pdf.
- ↑ Stephen L. Brusatte; Mark T. Young; Thomas J. Challands; Neil D. L. Clark; Valentin Fischer; Nicholas C. Fraser; Jeff J. Liston; Colin C. J. MacFadyen et al. (2015). "Ichthyosaurs from the Jurassic of Skye, Scotland". Scottish Journal of Geology 51 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1144/sjg2014-018. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/176434.
- ↑ Xiao-hong Chen; Ryosuke Motani; Long Cheng; Da-yong Jiang; Olivier Rieppel (2015). "A New Specimen of Carroll's Mystery Hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of China". PLOS ONE 10 (5): e0126024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126024. PMID 26017585. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1026024C.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Robin S. Cuthbertson; Anthony P. Russell; Jason S. Anderson (2013). "Cranial morphology and relationships of a new grippidian (Ichthyopterygia) from the Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member (Lower Triassic) of British Columbia, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (4): 831–847. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.755989.
- ↑ Barrientos-Lara, Jair Israel; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2021-11-01). "A new ophthalmosaurid (Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Kimmeridgian deposits of the La Casita Formation, near Gómez Farías, Coahuila, northern Mexico" (in en). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 111: 103499. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103499. ISSN 0895-9811. Bibcode: 2021JSAES.11103499B. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089598112100345X.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Aubrey Jane Roberts; Patrick Scott Druckenmiller; Glenn-Peter Sætre; Jørn Harald Hurum (2014). "A New Upper Jurassic Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur from the Slottsmøya Member, Agardhfjellet Formation of Central Spitsbergen". PLOS ONE 9 (8): e103152. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103152. PMID 25084533. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...9j3152R.
- ↑ Болатовна, Якупова Джамиля; Максутович, Ахмеденов Кажмурат (2021). "НОВЫЙ ВИД KAZAKHSTANOSAURUS EFIMOVI YAKUPOVA ET AKHMEDENOV SP. NOV. (ICHTHYOSAURIA, UNDOROSAURIDAE) ИЗ ВЕРХНЕЮРСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ РОССИИ". Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Естественные науки 163 (2): 251–263. ISSN 2542-064X. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-vid-kazakhstanosaurus-efimovi-yakupova-et-akhmedenov-sp-nov-ichthyosauria-undorosauridae-iz-verhneyurskih-otlozheniy-srednego.
- ↑ Lene Liebe Delsett; Aubrey J. Roberts; Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Jørn H. Hurum (2017). "A New Ophthalmosaurid (Ichthyosauria) from Svalbard, Norway, and Evolution of the Ichthyopterygian Pelvic Girdle". PLOS ONE 12 (1): e0169971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169971. PMID 28121995. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1269971D.
- ↑ Cortés, D.; Maxwell, E.E.; Larsson, H.C.E. (2021). "Re-appearance of hypercarnivore ichthyosaurs in the Cretaceous with differentiated dentition: revision of Platypterygius' sachicarum (Reptilia:Ichthyosauria, Ophthalmosauridae) from Colombia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology '19 (14): 969–1002. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1989507.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Valentin Fischer; Maxim S. Arkhangelsky; Gleb N. Uspensky; Ilya M. Stenshin; Pascal Godefroit (2014). "A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae". Geological Magazine 151 (1): 60–70. doi:10.1017/S0016756812000994. Bibcode: 2014GeoM..151...60F.
- ↑ W. Maisch, Michael; T. Matzke, Andreas (2022). "Magnipterygius huenei n. gen. n. sp., a new small stenopterygiid (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation of SW Germany". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 303 (2): 169–201. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2022/1042. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358495106. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Valentin Fischer; Robert M. Appleby; Darren Naish; Jeff Liston; James B. Riding; Stephen Brindley; Pascal Godefroit (2013). "A basal thunnosaurian from Iraq reveals disparate phylogenetic origins for Cretaceous ichthyosaurs". Biology Letters 9 (4): 20130021. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021. PMID 23676653.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Maisch, M. W; Matzke, A. T. (1998). "Mikadocephalus gracilirostris n. gen., n. sp., a new ichthyosaur from the Grenzbitumenzone (Anisian-Ladinian) of Mont San Giorgio (Switzerland)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 71 (3–4): 267–289. doi:10.1007/bf02988496.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Shang Qing-Hua; Li Chun (2009). "On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling Biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 (3): 178–193. http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200909/P020090917531791680790.pdf.
- ↑ Sander, P.M.; Chen, X.; Cheng, L.; Wang, X. (2011). Claessens, Leon. ed. "Short-Snouted Toothless Ichthyosaur from China Suggests Late Triassic Diversification of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs". PLOS ONE 6 (5): e19480. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019480. PMID 21625429. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...619480S.
- ↑ Barrientos-Lara, J. I.; Alvarado-Ortega, J. (2021). "A new Tithonian ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from Coahuila in northeastern Mexico". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. in press. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1922755.
- ↑ Jiang, D.-Y.; Schmitz, L.; Motani, R.; Hao, W.-C.; Sun, Y.-L. (2007). "The mixosaurid ichthyosaur Phalarodon cf. P. fraasi from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, China". Journal of Paleontology 81 (3): 602–605. doi:10.1666/05092.1.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Valentin Fischer; Nathalie Bardet; Myette Guiomar; Pascal Godefroit (2014). "High Diversity in Cretaceous Ichthyosaurs from Europe Prior to Their Extinction". PLOS ONE 9 (1): e84709. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084709. PMID 24465427. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...984709F.
- ↑ Campos, Lisandro; Fernández, Marta S.; Herrera, Yanina; Garrido, Alberto (2021). "Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 7 (4): 1995–2020. doi:10.1002/spp2.1374. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1374.
- ↑ Megan L. Jacobs; David M. Martill (2020). "A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic (Early Tithonian) Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset, UK, with implications for Late Jurassic ichthyosaur diversity". PLOS ONE 15 (12): e0241700. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241700. PMID 33296370. Bibcode: 2020PLoSO..1541700J.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Nadia B. Fröbisch; Jörg Fröbisch; P. Martin Sander; Lars Schmitz; Olivier Rieppel (2013). "Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 (4): 1393–1397. doi:10.1073/pnas.1216750110. PMID 23297200. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110.1393F.
- ↑ Maisch, M. W.; Pan, X. R.; Sun, Z. Y.; Cai, T.; Zhang, D. P.; Xie, J. L. (2006). "Cranial osteology of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3): 588–597. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[588:COOGTR2.0.CO;2].
- ↑ Shang, Q. H.; Li, C. (2009). "On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 (3): 178–193. http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200909/P020090917531791680790.pdf.
External links
- USMP Berkeley's ichthyosaur introduction
- Ryosuke Motani's detailed Ichthyosaur homepage, with vivid graphics
- Eureptilia: Ichthyosauria - Palaeos
- Ichthyosauria - cladogram (Mikko's Phylogeny Archive)
- Hauff Museum, Germany - exhibiting the finds of Holzmaden
- [1]
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of ichthyosauromorph genera.
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