Biology:MMP20
 Generic protein structure example |
Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) also known as enamel metalloproteinase or enamelysin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP20 gene.[1][2]
Function
Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases.
MMP-20, also known as enamelysin, appears to be the only MMP that is tooth-specific and it is expressed by cells of different developmental origin (i.e. epithelial ameloblasts and mesenchymal odontoblasts).
Clinical significance
The human MMP-20 gene contains 10 exons and is part of a cluster of matrix metalloproteinase genes that localize to human chromosome 11q22.3.[2] A mutation in this gene, which alters the normal splice pattern and results in premature termination of the encoded protein, has been associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Enamel in the absence of MMP-20 is hypoplastic (thin), contains less mineral (only one-third as much total mineral as wild type), and contains more protein and water. In general, MMP-20 functions in enamel are to cleave enamel matrix proteins at specific cleavage sites.[3]
References
- ↑ "Identification and structural and functional characterization of human enamelysin (MMP-20)". Biochemistry 36 (49): 15101–15108. Jan 1998. doi:10.1021/bi972120y. PMID 9398237.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: MMP20 matrix metallopeptidase 20 (enamelysin)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9313.
- ↑ Moradian-Oldak J (2012). "Protein-mediated enamel mineralization". Front. Biosci. 17 (7): 1996–2023. doi:10.2741/4034. PMID 22652761.
Further reading
- "Matrix metalloproteinases". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (31): 21491–21494. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.31.21491. PMID 10419448.
- "Proteinases in developing dental enamel". Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 10 (4): 425–441. 2000. doi:10.1177/10454411990100040101. PMID 10634581.
- Pendás AM; Santamaría I; Alvarez MV et al. (1997). "Fine physical mapping of the human matrix metalloproteinase genes clustered on chromosome 11q22.3". Genomics 37 (2): 266–269. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0557. PMID 8921407.
- Stracke JO; Fosang AJ; Last K et al. (2000). "Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)". FEBS Lett. 478 (1–2): 52–56. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01819-6. PMID 10922468.
- "Structural differences of matrix metalloproteinases. Homology modeling and energy minimization of enzyme-substrate complexes". J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 17 (6): 933–46. 2000. doi:10.1080/07391102.2000.10506582. PMID 10949161.
- Väänänen A; Srinivas R; Parikka M et al. (2001). "Expression and regulation of MMP-20 in human tongue carcinoma cells". J. Dent. Res. 80 (10): 1884–1889. doi:10.1177/00220345010800100501. PMID 11706946.
- Väänänen A; Tjäderhane L; Eklund L et al. (2005). "Expression of collagen XVIII and MMP-20 in developing teeth and odontogenic tumors". Matrix Biol. 23 (3): 153–161. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2004.04.003. PMID 15296943.
- Kim JW; Simmer JP; Hart TC et al. (2006). "MMP-20 mutation in autosomal recessive pigmented hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta". J. Med. Genet. 42 (3): 271–275. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.024505. PMID 15744043.
External links
- The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M10.019
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O60882 (Human Matrix metalloproteinase-20) at the PDBe-KB.
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