Biology:Tryptase
| Tryptase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 alpha1 Tryptase tetramer, Human | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.4.21.59 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 97501-93-4 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Tryptase (EC 3.4.21.59, ) is the most abundant secretory granule-derived serine proteinase contained in mast cells and has been used as a marker for mast cell activation.[1][2][3][4][5] Club cells contain tryptase, which is believed to be responsible for cleaving the hemagglutinin surface protein of influenza A virus, thereby activating it and causing the symptoms of flu.[6]
Nomenclature
Tryptase is also known by mast cell tryptase, mast cell protease II, skin tryptase, lung tryptase, pituitary tryptase, mast cell neutral proteinase, mast cell serine proteinase II, mast cell proteinase II, mast cell serine proteinase tryptase, rat mast cell protease II, and tryptase M.
Clinical use
Serum levels are normally less than 11.5 ng/mL.[7] Elevated levels of serum tryptase occur in both anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, but a negative test does not exclude anaphylaxis. Tryptase is less likely to be elevated in food allergy reactions as opposed to other causes of anaphylaxis. Serum tryptase levels are also elevated in and used as one indication suggesting the presence of eosinophilic leukemias due to genetic mutations resulting in the formation of FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion genes or the presence of systemic mastocytosis.[8][9]
Physiology
Tryptase is involved with allergenic response and is suspected to act as a mitogen for fibroblast lines. Tryptase may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.[10] Mast cell tryptase-6 is involved in Trichinella spiralis infection in mice through linking adaptive and innate immunity.[11]
Genes
Human genes that encode proteins with tryptase activity include:
| Human Gene | Enzyme |
|---|---|
| TPSAB1 | Tryptase alpha-1 |
| TPSAB1 | Tryptase beta-1 |
| TPSB2 | Tryptase beta-2 |
| TPSD1 | Tryptase delta |
| TPSG1 | Tryptase gamma |
| PRSS22 | Tryptase epsilon |
Mouse genes that encode proteins with tryptase activity include:
| Mouse Gene | Enzyme |
|---|---|
| Tryptase MCP-6 | |
| Tryptase MCP-7 |
References
- ↑ "Mammalian tissue trypsin-like enzymes. Comparative reactivities of human skin tryptase, human lung tryptase, and bovine trypsin with peptide 4-nitroanilide and thioester substrates". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 258 (22): 13552–7. November 1983. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43949-4. PMID 6358206. http://www.jbc.org/content/258/22/13552.full.pdf.
- ↑ "Human mast cell tryptase: multiple cDNAs and genes reveal a multigene serine protease family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (10): 3811–5. May 1990. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3811. PMID 2187193.
- ↑ "Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and functions". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 239 (2): 436–43. June 1985. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(85)90709-X. PMID 3890754.
- ↑ "Human pituitary tryptase: molecular forms, NH2-terminal sequence, immunocytochemical localization, and specificity with prohormone and fluorogenic substrates". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 262 (3): 1363–73. January 1987. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75795-0. PMID 3543004.
- ↑ "Human skin tryptase: purification, partial characterization and comparison with human lung tryptase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 957 (1): 71–80. November 1988. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(88)90158-6. PMID 3140898.
- ↑ "Influenza virus hemagglutinin cleavage into HA1, HA2: no laughing matter". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (17): 9713–5. August 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.9713. PMID 9707539.
- ↑ Mayo Clinic > Test ID: FFTRS91815, Tryptase. Retrieved October, 2012[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "Hematolymphoid neoplasms associated with rearrangements of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 144 (3): 377–92. September 2015. doi:10.1309/AJCPMORR5Z2IKCEM. PMID 26276769.
- ↑ "Advances in the Classification and Treatment of Mastocytosis: Current Status and Outlook toward the Future". Cancer Research 77 (6): 1261–1270. March 2017. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2234. PMID 28254862.
- ↑ "Dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 519 (2): 131–43. March 2012. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.020. PMID 22182754.
- ↑ "Mouse mast cell tryptase mMCP-6 is a critical link between adaptive and innate immunity in the chronic phase of Trichinella spiralis infection". Journal of Immunology 180 (7): 4885–91. April 2008. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4885. PMID 18354212.
External links
- Tryptases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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