Chemistry:3-Aminoisobutyric acid
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| Preferred IUPAC name
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid | |
| Other names
3-Aminoisobutyrate
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| Properties | |
| C4H9NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 103.12 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |
3-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acid or BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine.
During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles to blood (concentration 2 to 3 μM in human serum). When BAIBA reaches the white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in a browning of white fat cells.[1] One of the consequences of the BAIBA activity is the increase of the background metabolism of the BAIBA target cells.
It is thought to play a number of roles in cell metabolism, how body burns fat and regulates insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol.[2][3][4]
BAIBA is found as a normal metabolite of skeletal muscle in 2014. The plasma concentrations are increased in human by exercise. The production is likely a result of enhanced mitochondrial activity as the increase is also observed in the muscle of PGC-1a overexpression mice. BAIBA is proposed as protective factor against metabolic disorder since it can induce brown fat function.[1]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors". Cell Metabolism 19 (1): 96–108. 7 January 2014. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.003. PMID 24411942.
- ↑ "Effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid on leptin production and lipid homeostasis: mechanisms and possible relevance for the prevention of obesity". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 24 (3): 269–82. June 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00765.x. PMID 19735301.
- ↑ "Myobolites: muscle-derived metabolites with paracrine and systemic effects". Current Opinion in Pharmacology 34: 15–20. June 2017. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2017.03.007. PMID 28441626.
- ↑ "Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism". Nutrients 11 (3): 524. February 2019. doi:10.3390/nu11030524. PMID 30823446.
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