Cork encoding

From HandWiki
Short description: Latin script character encoding used by LaTeX

The Cork (also known as T1 or EC) encoding is a character encoding used for encoding glyphs in fonts.[1] It is named after the city of Cork in Ireland, where during a TeX Users Group (TUG) conference in 1990 a new encoding was introduced for LaTeX.[1] It contains 256 characters supporting most west- and east-European languages with the Latin alphabet.[2]

Details

In 8-bit TeX engines the font encoding has to match the encoding of hyphenation patterns where this encoding is most commonly used.[3] In LaTeX one can switch to this encoding with \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}, while in ConTeXt MkII this is the default encoding already. In modern engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX Unicode is fully supported and the 8-bit font encodings are obsolete.

Character set

Cork encoding
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
`
0060 		´
00B4 		ˆ
02C6 		˜
02DC 		¨
00A8 		˝
02DD 		˚
02DA 		ˇ
02C7 		˘
02D8 		¯
00AF 		˙
02D9 		¸
00B8 		˛
02DB 		‚
201A 		‹
2039 		›
203A
“
201C 		”
201D 		„
201E 		«
00AB 		»
00BB 		–
2013 		—
2014 		ZWSP ₀[lower-alpha 1]
2080 		ı[lower-alpha 2]
0131 		ȷ[lower-alpha 2]
0237 		ff
FB00 		fi
FB01 		fl
FB02 		ffi
FB03 		ffl
FB04
 SP  ! " # $ % & ’
2019 		( ) * + , - . /
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
@ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^
‘
2018 		a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ SHY[lower-alpha 3]
Ă
0102 		Ą
0104 		Ć
0106 		Č
010C 		Ď
010E 		Ě
011A 		Ę
0118 		Ğ
011E 		Ĺ
0139 		Ľ
013D 		Ł
0141 		Ń
0143 		Ň
0147 		Ŋ
014A 		Ő
0150 		Ŕ
0154
Ř
0158 		Ś
015A 		Š
0160 		Ș
0218 		Ť
0164 		Ț
021A 		Ű
0170 		Ů
016E 		Ÿ
0178 		Ź
0179 		Ž
017D 		Ż
017B 		IJ
0132 		İ
0130 		đ
0111 		§
00A7
ă
0103 		ą
0105 		ć
0107 		č
010D 		ď
010F 		ě
011B 		ę
0119 		ğ
011F 		ĺ
013A 		ľ
013E 		ł
0142 		ń
0144 		ň
0148 		ŋ
014B 		ő
0151 		ŕ
0155
ř
0159 		ś
015B 		š
0161 		ș
0219 		ť
0165 		ț
021B 		ű
0171 		ů
016F 		ÿ
00FF 		ź
017A 		ž
017E 		ż
017C 		ij
0133 		¡
00A1 		¿
00BF 		£
00A3
À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
Ð[lower-alpha 4] Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Œ
0152 		Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ SS[lower-alpha 5]
1E9E
à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï
ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö œ
0153 		ø ù ú û ü ý þ ß
00DF

Notes

  • Hexadecimal values under the characters in the table are the Unicode character codes.
  • The first 12 characters are often used as combining characters.
  1. ↑ 0x18 is just a "trailing zero", used to compose ‰ or ‱ (or arbitrary smaller quantities) out of percent sign (%).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dotless i and dotless j may be used to compose accented variants like i with macron (ī).
  3. ↑ 0x7F is the hyphenation character (not really a soft hyphen).
  4. ↑ 0xD0 is used both as Eth (Ð, U+00D0) and as D with stroke (Đ, U+0110) which might be a problem at some occasions (like copying text from PDF, hyphenation, ...)
  5. ↑ 0xDF contains SS (two letters S). It allows TeX to automatically convert the German lowercase ß into the uppercase form.

Supported languages

The encoding supports most European languages written in Latin alphabet. Notable exceptions are:

Languages with slightly suboptimal support include:

  • Galician language, Portuguese language and Spanish language – due to the lack of characters ª and º, which are not superscript versions of lowercase "a" and "o" (superscripts are thinner) and they are often underlined
  • Croatian language, Bosnian language, Serbian language – due to the shared use of the slot for Đ
  • Turkish language – due to dotless i having different uppercase and lowercase combinations than in other languages

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1996-06-19. http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/localization/charsets/cs-encodings-faq. 
  2. ↑ "Report on Multilingual Activities", TUGboat 11 (4): 514–516, 1990, https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb11-4/tb30ferguson.pdf 
  3. ↑ TeX hyphenation patterns, http://www.tug.org/tex-hyphen/#languages 

External links



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