Earth:Cambrian Stage 4
| Cambrian Stage 4 | |
|---|---|
| ~514 – ~509 Ma | |
| Chronology | |
Cambrian graphical timeline -540 — – -535 — – -530 — – -525 — – -520 — – -515 — – -510 — – -505 — – -500 — – -495 — – -490 — – -485 — – Major Glacial period | |
| Etymology | |
| Name formality | Informal |
| Usage information | |
| Celestial body | Earth |
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) |
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale |
| Definition | |
| Chronological unit | Age |
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage |
| Time span formality | Formal |
| Lower boundary definition | Not formally defined |
| Lower boundary definition candidates | FAD of the Trilobite Olenellus or Redlichia |
| Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | None |
| GSSP ratified | Template:Period start ratification |
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus. |
| Upper boundary GSSP | Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China [ ⚑ ] 26°04′51″N 108°24′50″E / 26.0807°N 108.4138°E |
| GSSP ratified | Template:Period end ratification |
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui.[2] Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514 million years ago.[3] The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Naming
The International Commission on Stratigraphy has not named the fourth stage of the Cambrian yet. In the widely used Siberian nomenclature stage 4 would overlap with parts of the Botomian and Toyonian.[4]
Biostratigraphy
The beginning of Cambrian Stage 4 has been tentatively correlated with the base of the European Leonian faunal stage and the base of the South China Duyunian faunal stage.[5]
During Cambrian Stage 4, three families of trilobites were widely distributed: olenellids, redlichiids, and paradoxidids. At the Stage 4-Wuliuan boundary, the first major trilobite extinction, known as the Olenellid Biomere boundary, occurred. In particular, trilobites of the families Ollenellidae and Redlichiidae have been extinct in Laurentia and South China, respectively.[6]
References
- ↑ "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.
- ↑ Peng, S.C.; Babcock, L.E. (21 September 2011). "Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System". Bulletin of Geosciences: 391–396. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1273. http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/1273_Peng.pdf.
- ↑ "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/index.php?parentid=77.
- ↑ "The 13th International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group". Episodes 31 (4): 440–441. http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/314/440-442%20Confreport-Russia,%202%20(3).pdf. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ↑ Yuan, Jinliang; Ng, Tin-Wai (2014). "Tentative correlation of the Duyunian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) and the Taijiangian (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5) between South China and the Mediterranean region". GFF (Geological Society of Sweden) 136 (1/2): 314–319. doi:10.1080/11035897.2014.898331. Bibcode: 2014GFF...136..314Y.
- ↑ Jih-Pai Lin, Frederick A. Sundberg, Ganqing Jiang, Isabel P. Montañez, Thomas Wotte (22 November 2019). "Chemostratigraphic correlations across the first major trilobite extinction and faunal turnovers between Laurentia and South China". Scientific Reports 9 (1): 17392. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53685-2. PMID 31758094. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...917392L.
External links
- "ISCS Working Groups: Working Group on the Stage 4 GSSP". International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_working_groups.html#4.
- "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=77.
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