Earth:Jinju Formation

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Short description: Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea
Jinju Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian
~112.4–106.5 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofShindong Group
UnderliesChilgog Formation, Iljig Formation
OverliesHasandong Formation
Thickness1,000–1,800 m (3,300–5,900 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryShale
OtherSandstone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 35°06′N 128°06′E / 35.1°N 128.1°E / 35.1; 128.1
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 44°18′N 122°42′E / 44.3°N 122.7°E / 44.3; 122.7
RegionNorth Gyeongsang Province
Country South Korea
ExtentGyeongsang Basin(:ko:경상 분지)
Jinju Formation is located in South Korea
Jinju Formation
Jinju Formation (South Korea)

The Jinju Formation (Korean: 진주층; Hanja: 晋州層; RR: Jinju-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea .[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[2] The depositional age of this formation spans from approximately 112.4 ± 1.3 to 106.5 million years ago (early Albian) based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating.[3] It predominantly consists of black shale, with sandstone packets, deposited in a fluvial-lacustrine setting.

A diverse spider fauna is known from the formation, including indeterminate mygalomorphs and palpimanoids as well as two species of lagonomegopid belonging to the genera Koreamegops and Jinjumegops.[4] Other compression fossils known from the formation include a species of the zhangsolvid fly Buccinatormyia, the elaterid beetle Koreagrypnus, and the ichthyodectiform fish Jinjuichthys. This formation has also "attracted global ichnological attention" for the variety of important ichnofossils.[5] Columnar and rod-shaped stromatolites have also been found here.[6]

Fossil content

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Flora

Plants of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Cupressinocladus C. sp.[7] The presence of this conifer indicates that mixed-type flora existed in this formation.
Ruffordia R. sp.[8] Schizaeaceae ferns
Cladophlebis C. sp.[8]
Sphenopteris S. sp.[8]
Onychiopsis O. elongata[9] leptosporangiate ferns
Brachyphyllum B. japonicum[9]

Spiders

Spiders of the Jinju Formation[4]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Korearachne K. jinju likely to be a lycosoid
Koreamegops K. samsiki a lagonomegopid
Jinjumegops J. dalingwateri a lagonomegopid
Mygalomorphae indeterminate
Araneomorphae indeterminate
Palpimanoidea indeterminate
"Cribellate Entelegynae"
  • "species 1"
  • "species 2"

Insects

Jinju formation consists of a diverse order of insects: Orthoptera, Homoptera, Mantodea, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Neuroptera, Blattoidea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Mecoptera, etc. A larvae fossil of aquatic insect has also been discovered.[6]

Orthoptera

Orthopterans of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Panorpidium P. spica[10] A member of Elcanidae

Odonata

Dragonflies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Hemeroscopus H. baissicus[11]

Hymenoptera

Hymenopterans of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Korehelorus K. jinjuensis[12] A parasitic wasp belonging to the family Heloridae
Hanguksyntexis H. haeretica[13] A sawfly belonging to the family Anaxyelidae

Raphidioptera

Snakeflies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Mesoraphidia[14]
  • M. koreensis
  • M. phantasma
 A member of Mesoraphidiidae

Blattodea

Cockroaches of the Jinju Formation[15]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Rhipidioblattina
  • R. sp. cf. R. radipinguis
  • R?. sp. cf. R. jilinensis
  • R. sp. A
Mesoblattina
  • M. sp. A
  • M. sp. B
  • M. sp. C
  • M. sp. D
Samaroblatta S. sp. cf. S. rhypha
Blattula
  • B. sp. cf. B. exetenuata
  • B. sp. A
Mesoblattula M. sp.
Indeterminate A total of 13 indeterminate species

Coleoptera

Beetles of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Coptoclava[16] C. sp Both nymph and adult fossils found A member of the extinct family Coptoclavidae. Similar to C. longipoda, but assigned to a yet undescribed species since C. longipoda is usually considered to be a species complex.
Larva of Coptoclava.jpg
Megalithomerus[17] M. magolhalmii A member of Elateridae
Koreagrypnus[17] K. jinju
Cretosaja[18] C. jinjuensis A member of Silphidae
Notocupes[19] N. premeris A member of Archostemata
Asiana[20] A. pax
Brochocoleus[20] B. sacheonensis A member of Ommatidae
B. cf. punctatus
Omma[20] O. sp.
Zygadenia[20] Z. cornigera

Diptera

Flies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Buccinatormyia[21] B. gangnami A member of the family Zhangsolvidae. Named after Gangnam Style, the famous K-Pop hit song

Dermaptera

Earwigs of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
cf. Pygidicranoidea[22] indeterminate

Neuroptera

Lacewings of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Tachinymphes[23] T. koraiensis A member of the family Mesochrysopidae.

Termites

Termites of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Sclerotermes[24] S. samsiki Known only from an isolated wing, uncertain placement

Crustaceans

Isopoda

Isopods of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Archaeoniscus[25] A. coreaensis A freshwater occurrence of the genus Archaeoniscus

Ostracoda

Ostracods of the Jinju Formation[26]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Scabriculocypris S. cf. yanbianensis Jeongcheon
Cypridea
  • C. jinjuria
  • C. khandae[27]
  • C. samesi[28]
 C. jinjuria in Gwanghyeon
Mongolocypris M. kohi[29]
Lycopterocypris L. cf. celsa Jeongcheon
Candona C. sp.
Djungarica D. sp. Jeongcheon

Spinicaudata

Clam shrimps of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Yanjiestheria[30]
  • Y. kyongsangensis
  • Y. chekiangensis
  • Y. cf. wannanensis
  • Y. jinjuensis
  • Y. sp.

Vertebrates

Actinopterygii

Fishes of the Jinju Formation[31][32]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Wakinoichthys[33] W. aokii An osteoglossiform
Wakinoichthys aokii.png
Jinjuichthys[34] J. cheongi An ichthyodectiform
Jinjuichthys.png
Albuliformes indeterminate
Sinamia S. sp. An amiiform
Lepidotes L. sp. Largest fish found in this formation, reaching 40 cm (1.3 ft) in total length.
Lepisosteiformes indeterminate
Elopiformes indeterminate A small fish, reaching 3 cm (1.2 in) in total length.

Archosauria

Reptiles of the Jinju Formation[31]
Genus Species Region[35] Member Material Notes Image
Crocodyliformes indet. Goryeong a right mandible
Titanosauriformes indet.[36] Sacheon a tooth Initially suggested to be of Asian Brachiosaurid by Lim, Martin and Baek (2001), but Barrett et al. (2002) and Choi & Lee (2017) considers it to be indeterminate titanosauriform.
Pterodactyloidea indet. Goryeong teeth While suggested to be of Boreopterid origin by Choi & Lee (2017), Yun (2020) considers them to be Anhanguerian instead.[37]

Mollusks

Bivalvia

Bivalves of the Jinju Formation[38]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Plicatounio P. naktongensis
Nagdongia N. soni The genus Nagdongia is considered to be synonymous with Nakamuranaia by some.
Trigonioides T. jaehoi

Gastropoda

Gastropods of the Jinju Formation[8]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Brontiopsis B. kobayashi dominant gastropod of the formation
Thiara T. sp
Viviparus[39]

Ichnofossils

Ichnofossils of the Jinju Formation
Ichnogenus Ichnospecies Region Member Material Notes Image
Grallator[40] Theropod track; similar to the ichnospecies G. yangi
Corpulentapus[40] Theropod track
Asianopodus[40] Theropod track
Dromaeosauriformipes[41] D. rarus Didactyl tracks made by either juvenile dromaeosaur or very small species of trackmaker, represents the smallest non-avian dinosaur tracks known.
Dromaeosauripus[42] D. jinjuensis Namhae[35] Didactyl tracks made by a 40 cm (1.3 ft) tall dromaeosaur.
Ignotornis I. seoungjoseoi[43] Bird Track
Jindongornipes J. isp.[43] Bird Track
Koreasaltipes[44] K. jinjuensis Jinju[35] Traces left by a hopping mammal
Neosauroides N. innovatus[45] The largest reported lizard trackway in South Korea.
cf. Chelichnus[46] Sacheon[35] Turtle trackway.
Ranipes[46] indeterminate Oldest known frog trackway. Made by a species that hopped in short distances.
Crocodylopodus[47] First report of this ichogenus from Asia.
Batrachopus B. grandis[48] Track made by a 3 m (9.8 ft) long bipedal crocodylomorph; the pterosaur trackway ichnospecies Haenamichnus gainensis from the Haman Formation is now assigned to this species as B. cf. grandis.[48] Paleontologist James I. Kirkland expresses doubts on the ichnogenus assignment.[49]
Minisauripus M. isp.[5] One of the smallest known theropod tracks. Currently the oldest record of this ichnogenus from South Korea.
Pteraichnus Pterosaur trackway. P. seopoensis is currently a naked name, since it was only described in a master's thesis.
Lockeia L. gigantus[39] Resting bivalve trace fossils
Diplichnites D. isp.[8] Arthropod tracks
Coclichnus C. isp.[8] Trace by Annelida tracemakers
Radialimbricatus[52] R. bitoensis Potential tracemakers include arthropods, cnidarians or annelids
Protovirgularia[53] P. dichotoma First nonmarine occurrence of this ichnotaxon; possibly made by larvae of dragonfly[54]
Fictovichnus[55] indeterminate Probable insect cocoon or pupation chamber; the earliest record of an insect pupation structure probably associated with a burrow

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jinju Formation in the Paleobiology Database
  2. ↑ Weishampel, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Le Loueff, Jean; Xu, Xing; Zhao, Xijin; Sahni, Ashok; Gomani, Emily M.P. et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution". in Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka. The Dinosauria (Second ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 517–607. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8. https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis. 
  3. ↑ Chae, Yong-Un; Lim, Jong Deock; Kim, Cheong-Bin; Kim, Kyung Soo; Ha, Sujin; Lim, Hyoun Soo (2020). "Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the uppermost Jinju Formation in the Natural Monument No. 534 'Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju', Korea". Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society 41 (4): 367−380. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2020.41.4.367. http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202025863869436.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Nam, Kye-Soo; Selden, Paul A. (2019-08-03). "A diverse new spider (Araneae) fauna from the Jinju Formation, Cretaceous (Albian) of Korea" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (15): 1271–1297. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1525441. ISSN 1477-2019. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2018.1525441. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Xing, Lida (2019). "Exquisitely-preserved, high-definition skin traces in diminutive theropod tracks from the Cretaceous of Korea". Scientific Reports 9 (1): 2039. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38633-4. PMID 30765802. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...9.2039K. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Paik, I.S. (2005). "The oldest record of microbial-caddisfly bioherms from the Early Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Korea: occurrence and palaeoenvironmental implications". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218 (3−4): 301−315. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.020. Bibcode: 2005PPP...218..301P. http://palaeoentomolog.ru/Lib/paik.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Kim, Jong-Heon (2009). "New occurrence of Cupressinocladus sp. from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Shindong Group, Korea". Journal of the Korean Earth Society 30 (5): 605−610. doi:10.1666/11-131R.1. Bibcode: 2012JPal...86..626P. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200919061729311.pdf. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Paik, In Sung; Kim, Hyun Joo; Kim, Seongyeong; Lee, Jeong Eun; So, Yoon Hwan; Lee, Hoil (2019-10-31). "Fossil-bearing deposits in the Jinju Formation at Jinju: Occurrences, paleoenvironments and stratigraphic implications" (in en). Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 55 (5): 513–530. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2019.55.5.513. ISSN 0435-4036. http://www.jgsk.or.kr/xml/21650/21650.pdf. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kim, Jong-Heon; Nam, Kye-Soo; Lee, Seong-Bok; Jeon, Yeong-Seok (2016). "Fossil Plants from the Early Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Chilgok Area, Korea". Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society 37 (5): 295−308. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.295. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201630765906942.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Kim, Do-Yoon; Lee, Mirinae; Nam, Gi-Soo; Park, Tae-Yoon S. (2021). "The first orthopteran fossils from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation of Korea: Ethological implications for elcanids". Cretaceous Research 125: 104843. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104843. Bibcode: 2021CrRes.12504843K. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121000902. 
  11. ↑ Nam, Kye-Soo; Kim, Jong-Heon (2016). "Reconstruction and Paleoecological implications of Dragonfly Hemeroscopus baissicus Pritykina 1977 (Hemeroscopidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation in the Jinju area, Korea.". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 52 (2): 102–112. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2016.52.2.105. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304562246. 
  12. ↑ Rosse-Guillevic, Simon; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Nam, Gi-Soo; Jouault, Corentin (April 2023). "The first Heloridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from the Albian of the Republic of Korea: inferences about the relict diversity of the family" (in en). Cretaceous Research 151: 105564. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105564. Bibcode: 2023CrRes.15105564R. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667123000927. 
  13. ↑ Rosse-Guillevic, Simon; Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexander P.; Nam, Gi-Soo; Kwon, Seung-Hyuk; Jouault, Corentin (August 2023). "Blurring the limits of anaxyelid subfamilies: a new genus and species (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Albian of the Republic of Korea" (in en). Palaeoentomology 6 (4): 424–434. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.4.13. https://www.mapress.com/pe/article/view/palaeoentomology.6.4.13. 
  14. ↑ Engel, Michael S; Lim J.-D.; Baek, K.-S. (2006-04-25). "Fossil snakeflies from the Early Cretaceous of southern Korea (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae)" (in en). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2006 (4): 249–256. doi:10.1127/njgpm/2006/2006/249. ISSN 0028-3630. http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpm/detail/2006/91564/Fossil_snakeflies_from_the_Early_Cretaceous_of_sou?af=crossref. 
  15. ↑ Baek, Kwang-Seok; Yang, Seung-Yeong (2004). "Cockroaches from the early Cretaceous of Korea (Blattaria: Mesoblattinidae)" (in Korean). Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 20: 71–98. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01383922. 
  16. ↑ Nam, K.S.; Park, T.Y.; Kim, Y.H. (2013-12-31). "Preliminary research on the aquatic coleopteran, Coptoclava from the Early Cretaceous Jinju Formation". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 49 (6): 617–624. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2013.49.6.617. http://jgsk.or.kr/_common/do.php?a=full&bidx=130&aidx=1467. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Sohn, Jae-Cheon; Nam, Gi Soo; Choi, Sei-Woong; Ren, Dong (2019-12-11). Robillard, Tony. ed. "New fossils of Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Early Cretaceous Jinju Formation (South Korea) with their implications to evolutionary diversity of extinct Protagrypninae" (in en). PLOS ONE 14 (12): e0225502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225502. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31826006. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1425502S. 
  18. ↑ Sohn, Jae-Cheon; Nam, Gi Soo (2021). "New fossil genus and species of carrion beetle (Coleoptera, Silphidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, South Korea" (in en). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 24 (3): 584–587. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2021.05.003. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1226861521000650. 
  19. ↑ Lee, Soo Bin; Nam, Gi Soo; Li, Yan-Da (2022). "A new species of Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation in South Korea". Cretaceous Research 140: 105357. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105357. Bibcode: 2022CrRes.14005357L. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Lee, S.B.; Nam, G.S.; Park, J.K.; Lee, B.H.; Li, Y.-D. (2023). "Cretaceous beetles of the Jinju Formation (Coleoptera): Archostemata". Palaeoentomology 6 (5): 496–506. doi:10.11646/PALAEOENTOMOLOGY.6.5.8. 
  21. ↑ Khramov, Alexander V.; Nam, Gi-Soo; Vasilenko, Dmitry V. (2020-01-02). "First long-proboscid flies (Diptera: Zhangsolvidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of South Korea" (in en). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 44 (1): 160–168. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1664634. ISSN 0311-5518. Bibcode: 2020Alch...44..160K. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03115518.2019.1664634. 
  22. ↑ Engel, Michael A.; Lim, Jong-Deock; Baek, Kwang-Seok; Martin, Larry D. (2002). "An Earwig from the Lower Cretaceous of Korea (Dermaptera: Forficulina)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 75 (2): 86–90. 
  23. ↑ Khramov, A.V.; Nam, G.S. (2020). "The First Record of Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mesochrysopidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of South Korea". Paleontological Journal 54 (6): 613–616. doi:10.1134/S003103012005007X. 
  24. ↑ Jouault, Corentin; Nam, Gi-Soo (2022-07-07). "A new primitive termite from the lower cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation of Korea" (in en). Historical Biology 35 (9): 1522–1527. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2098490. ISSN 0891-2963. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2022.2098490. 
  25. ↑ Park, Tae-Yoon; Wilson, George D. F.; Lee, Dong-Chan; Choi, Duck K. (2012). "Occurrence of the Isopod Archaeoniscus coreaensis New Species from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Korea". Journal of Paleontology 86 (4): 626–640. doi:10.1666/11-131R.1. Bibcode: 2012JPal...86..626P. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259453671. 
  26. ↑ Choi, Byung-Do. (2019). Cretaceous non-marine ostracods from Korea. (Doctoral dissertation).
  27. ↑ Choi, Byung-Do; Jia, Baoyan; Huh, Min; Jung, Jongyun; Wang, Yaqiong (2021-11-01). "Taxonomy, biostratigraphic and paleoecological aspects of non-marine ostracod fauna from the Jinju Formation (Albian) of the Gyeongsang Basin, South Korea". Cretaceous Research 127: 104944. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104944. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2021CrRes.12704944C. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121001920. 
  28. ↑ Choi, Byung-Do; Wang, Ya-Qiong; Huh, Min (2018-09-01). "Cypridea species (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation of the Gyeongsang Basin, South Korea". Palaeoworld 27 (3): 382–391. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2018.03.005. ISSN 1871-174X. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871174X17301373. 
  29. ↑ Choi, Byung-Do; Huh, Min (2016-01-01). "Mongolocypris kohi sp. nov.: A new Early Cretaceous non-marine ostracod species from the Jinju Formation, South Korea". Cretaceous Research 57: 239–247. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.008. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2016CrRes..57..239C. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667115300665. 
  30. ↑ Park, Sun-Ok; Chang, Ki-Hong (1998). "Some Cretaceous conchostracans of Kyongsang basin". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 14 (2): 179–199. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Choi, Seung; Lee, Yuong-Nam (2017). "A review of vertebrate body fossils from the Korean Peninsula and perspectives" (in en). Geosciences Journal 21 (6): 867–889. doi:10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6. ISSN 1226-4806. Bibcode: 2017GescJ..21..867C. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6. 
  32. ↑ Yabumoto, Y.; Yang, S.Y.; Kim, T.W. (2006). "Early Cretaceous freshwater fishes from Japan and Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 22 (1): 119–132. https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/Yabumotoetal_fish.pdf. 
  33. ↑ Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Yang, Seong-Young (2000). "The first record of the Early Cretaceous freshwater fish, Wakinoichthys aokii, from Korea". Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History 19: 105–110. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256835493. 
  34. ↑ Kim, Haang-Mook; Chang, Mee-Mann; Wu, Feixiang; Kim, Yang-Hee (2014). "A new ichthyodectiform (Pisces, Teleostei) from the Lower Cretaceous of South Korea and its paleobiogeographic implication" (in en). Cretaceous Research 47: 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.11.007. Bibcode: 2014CrRes..47..117K. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667113001778. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Kim, Jeong Yul; Huh, Min (2018). Dinosaurs, Birds, and Pterosaurs of Korea: A Paradise of Mesozoic Vertebrates. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-10-6998-7. https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-dinosaurs.pdf. 
  36. ↑ Lim, J.-D.; Martin, L.D.; Baek, K.-S. (2001-02-01). "The first discovery of a brachiosaurid from the Asian continent" (in en). Naturwissenschaften 88 (2): 82–84. doi:10.1007/s001140000201. ISSN 1432-1904. PMID 11320893. Bibcode: 2001NW.....88...82L. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140000201. 
  37. ↑ Yun, Chan-Gyu (2020). "Boreopterid pterosaur fossils from South Korea reconsidered". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 82: 567–568. 
  38. ↑ Yun, Cheol-Soo; Yang, Seung-Yeong (2004). "Three bivalve fossils from the Dongmyeong Formation of Gisan, Goryeong in Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 20 (2): 173–181. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/voisDetail?voisId=VOIS00066738. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Kim, Kyung Soo; Kim, Jeong Yul (2008). "Lockeia gigantus ichnosp. nov. in the Lacustrine Deposits of the Early Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Southern Coast of Korea". Journal of the Korean Earth Society 29 (1): 13–28. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2008.29.1.013. ISSN 1225-6692. http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200812651515718.pdf. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Xing, Lida; Ha, Su Jin; Kim, Cheong Bin; Paik, In Sung; Ahn, Jae Hong et al. (2018). "First reports of a distinctive theropod track assemblage from the Jinju Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Korea provides strong correlations with China" (in en). Cretaceous Research 81: 26–35. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.08.005. Bibcode: 2018CrRes..81...26K. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667117300149. 
  41. ↑ Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Xing, Lida; Kim, Dong Hee; Piñuela, Laura; Romilio, Anthony; Yoo, Jae Sang et al. (2018-11-15). "Smallest known raptor tracks suggest microraptorine activity in lakeshore setting" (in en). Scientific Reports 8 (1): 16908. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35289-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 30442900. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...816908K. 
  42. ↑ Kim, Jeong Yul; Lockley, Martin G.; Woo, Jeong Ok; Kim, Sam Hyang (2012). "Unusual didactyl traces from the Jinju Formation (Early Cretaceous, South Korea) indicate a new ichnospecies of Dromaeosauripus". Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces 19 (1–2): 75–83. doi:10.1080/10420940.2012.664054. Bibcode: 2012Ichno..19...75K. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Kang, Seung Hyeop; Buckley, Lisa G.; McCrea, Richard T.; Kim, Kyung-Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Lim, Hyun Soo; Kim, Cheong-Bin (2021). "First report of bird tracks (Ignotornis seoungjoseoi ichnosp. nov.) from the Jinju Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Sacheon City, Korea". Cretaceous Research 127 (11): 104899. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104899. Bibcode: 2021CrRes.12704899K. 
  44. ↑ Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Xing, Lida; Choi, Yeongi (2017). "Korean trackway of a hopping, mammaliform trackmaker is first from the Cretaceous of Asia" (in en). Cretaceous Research 74: 188–191. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.02.005. Bibcode: 2017CrRes..74..188K. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667116303895. 
  45. ↑ Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Kim, Dong Hee; Pinuela, Laura; Yoo, Jae Sang (2019). "Largest Cretaceous lizard track assemblage, new morphotypes and longest trackways comprise diverse components of an exceptional Korean Konservat-Lagerstätten ichnofauna" (in en). Scientific Reports 9 (1): 13278. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49442-0. PMID 31527673. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...913278K. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Kim, Dong Hee (2019). "The oldest known anuran (frog) trackways from the Jinju Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Korea" (in en). Cretaceous Research 96: 142–148. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.008. Bibcode: 2019CrRes..96..142K. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667118304166. 
  47. ↑ Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Park, Hong Deock; Romilio, Anthony; Yoo, Jae Sang; Choi, Ji Won; Kim, Kyung Soo; Choi, Yeongi et al. (2020-07-01). "First reports of Crocodylopodus from East Asia: implications for the paleoecology of the Lower Cretaceous". Cretaceous Research 111: 104441. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104441. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2020CrRes.11104441L. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667119303477. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Bae, Seul Mi; Romilio, Anthony (2020-06-11). "Trackway evidence for large bipedal crocodylomorphs from the Cretaceous of Korea" (in en). Scientific Reports 10 (1): 8680. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66008-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 32528068. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10.8680K. 
  49. ↑ Kirkland, James I. [@Paleojim] (Jun 24, 2022). "I am shocked at the degree of lumping needed to assign this ichnotaxon to Batrachopus... Over splitting is certainly a problem with tracks, but this goes a bit too far in the other direction. Otherwise a very interesting and important paper. Bipedal crocs.". https://twitter.com/Paleojim/status/1540083436659933185. 
  50. ↑ Ha, Sujin; Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Hyoun Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Yoo, Jae Sang; Lim, Jong Deock (2022-03-01). "Diminutive pterosaur tracks and trackways (Pteraichnus gracilis ichnosp. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Gyeongsang Basin, Korea". Cretaceous Research 131: 105080. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105080. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2022CrRes.13105080H. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121003281. 
  51. ↑ Ha, Sujin; Chae, Yong-Un; Lim, Jong Deock; Kim, Cheong-Bin; Lim, Hyoun Soo; Kim, Kyung Soo (2018-10-30). "Cretaceous Pterosaur Tracks in Daegok-ri, Ulju-gun, Ulsan: Spatio-temporal Distribution of Pterosaur in the Korean Peninsula". Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society 39 (5): 458–472. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2018.39.5.458. ISSN 1225-6692. http://jkess.org/journal/article.php?code=64342. 
  52. ↑ Lee, Dong-Chan (2017). "Radialimbricatus, a new ichnogenus from the lacustrine sandstone facies of the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, South Korea" (in en). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 41 (3): 350–364. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1283053. Bibcode: 2017Alch...41..350L. 
  53. ↑ Kim, J.Y.; Kim, K.S.; Pickerill, R.P. (2000). "Trace Fossil Protovirgularia McCoy, 1850 from the Nonmarine Cretaceous Jinju formation of the Sacheon area, Korea". Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society 21 (6): 695–702. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200020417564605.pdf. 
  54. ↑ Metz, R. (2003). "Nonmarine Cretaceous Protovirgularia: Possible Dragonfly Larva Tracemaker". Ichnos 9 (1–2): 75–76. doi:10.1080/10420940190034094. Bibcode: 2003Ichno...9...75M. 
  55. ↑ Lee, Dong-Chan (2018). "Probable insect cocoon or pupation chamber in a channel-fill sandstone bed of the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, South Korea". Lethaia 51 (3): 433–443. doi:10.1111/let.12257. 

Bibliography



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