Mali (GPU)

From HandWiki
Short description: Series of graphics processing units produced by ARM Holdings
Mali
ARMCortexA57A53.jpg
ARM Cortex A57 A53 big.LITTLE SoC with a Mali-T624 GPU
Release date2005
Architecture
  • Utgard
  • Midgard
  • Bifrost
  • Valhall
ModelsSee Variants
Cores1-32 cores
Fabrication process40-4 nm
API support
OpenCL1.1-2.0
Vulkan1.0-1.3

The Mali series of graphics processing units (GPUs) and multimedia processors are semiconductor intellectual property cores produced by Arm Holdings for licensing in various ASIC designs by Arm partners.

Mali GPUs were developed by Falanx Microsystems A/S, which was a spin-off of a research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.[1] Arm Holdings acquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company to Arm Norway.[2]

Originally named Malaik, the team streamlined the name to Mali, Serbo-Croatian for "small", which was thought to be fitting for a mobile GPU.[3]

Technical details

Like other embedded IP cores for 3D rendering acceleration, the Mali GPU does not include display controllers driving monitors, in contrast to common desktop video cards. Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display.

ARM does, however, license display controller SIP cores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650.[4]

ARM also supplies tools to help in authoring OpenGL ES shaders named Mali GPU Shader Development Studio and Mali GPU User Interface Engine.

Display controllers such as the ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately.[5]

Variants

The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute:

Model Micro-
archi-
tecture 		Type Launch date Shader core count Fab (nm) Die size (mm2) Core clock rate (MHz) L2 cache size Fillrate GFLOPS
(per core) 		API (version)
M△/s GT/s (GP/s) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenCL
Mali-55/110 ? Fixed function pipeline[6] 2005 1 ? ? ? N/A 2.8 0.1 ? N/A 1.1 N/A
Mali-200 Utgard[7] Programmable pipeline[6] 2007[8] 1 ? ? ? N/A 5 0.2 ? 2.0
Mali-300 2010[9] 1 40
28 		? 500 8 KiB 55 0.5 5
Mali-400 MP 2008 1–4 40
28 		? 200–600 8–256 KiB 55 0.5 1.2–5.4
Mali-450 MP 2012 1–8 40
28 		? 300–750 8–512 KiB 142 2.6 4.5–11.9
Mali-470 MP 2015 1–4 40
28 		? 250–650 8–256 KiB 71 0.65 8–20.8
Mali-T604[10] Midgard 1st gen Unified shader model +

SIMD ISA

Nov 2010[11] 1–4 32
28 		? 533 32–256 KiB 90 0.533 17 3.1 Full Profile 1.1
Mali-T658[10] Nov 2011[12] 1–8 ? ? ? ? ?
Mali-T622 Midgard 2nd gen Jun 2013[13] 1–2 32
28 		? 533 ? ? 8.5
Mali-T624 Aug 2012 1–4 32
28 		? 533–600 ? ? 17–19.2
Mali-T628 Aug 2012 1–8 32
28 		? 533–695 ? ? 17–23.7
Mali-T678[14] Aug 2012 1–8 28 ? ? ? ?
Mali-T720 Midgard 3rd gen Oct 2013 1–8 28 ? 400–700 32–256 KiB[15] 650 (MP8@650 MHz) 5.2 (MP8@650 MHz) 6.8–11.9
Mali-T760 Oct 2013 1–16 28 / 14 1.75 mm 2 per shader core at 14 nm[16] 600–772 256–2048 KiB[17] 1300 0.6–12.6

GTexel/s

(bilinear)[18]

10.4 17–26.2 1.0[19] 3.2[20] Full Profile 1.2
Mali-T820 Midgard 4th gen Q4 2015 1–4 28 ? 600 32–256 KiB[17] 400 ? 2.6 10.2
Mali-T830 28 ? 600–950 32–256 KiB[17] 400 ? 2.6 20.4–32.3
Mali-T860 1–16 28 ? 350–700 256–2048 KiB[17] 1300 ? 10.4 11.9–23.8
Mali-T880 Q2 2016 1–16 16 ? 650–1000 256–2048 KiB[17] 1700 ? 13.6 22.1–34
Mali-G31 Bifrost 1st gen Unified shader model + Unified memory +

scalar, clause-based ISA

Q1 2018 1–6 (1 EU per core)[21] 28

12

? 650 32kB–512kB ? 1.3 10.4 1.3[22] Full Profile 2.0
Mali-G51[23] Q4 2016 1–6 (1 uni to 3 dual)[24] 28
16
14
12
10 		? 1000 ? 3.9
Mali-G71 Q2 2016 1–32 16
14
10 		? 546–1037 128–2048 KiB 1850 0.7–24.7

GTexel/s

(bilinear)[25]

27.2 18.56–28.9[26]
Mali-G52 Bifrost 2nd gen Q1 2018 1–4 (2 or 3 EU per core) 16
8
7 		? 850 ? 6.8 27.2 @ 850 MHz per core (2 EU)

40.8 @ 850 MHz per core (3 EU)

Mali-G72 Q2 2017 1–32 16
12
10 		1.36 mm 2 per shader core at 10 nm[27] 572–1050 128–2048 KiB 27.2 20.55-37.72
Mali-G76 Bifrost 3rd gen Q2 2018 4–20 12
8
7 		? 600–800 512–4096 KiB ? ? 43.2–57.6
Mali-G57 Valhall 1st gen Superscalar engine + Unified memory +

simplified scalar ISA

Q2 2019 1–6 7 ? 950[28] 64–512 KiB ? ? ? 121.6
Mali-G77 7–16 7
6 		? 695–850 512–2048 KiB ? ? ? 88.92–108.76
Mali-G68 Valhall 2nd gen Q2 2020 4–6 6
Mali-G78 7–24 5 759 97.15
Mali-G310 Valhall 3rd gen Q2 2021 1 4 256–1024 KiB
Mali-G510 2–6 4
Mali-G610 1–6 4 512–2048 KiB
Mali-G710 7–16 4 650-850 2648 92 73.3 @ 650 MHz per core

164.8 @ 850 MHz per core

Mali-G615 Valhall 4th gen Q2 2022 1–6 512–4096 KiB
Mali-G715 7–9
Immortalis-G715 10–16
Model Micro-
archi-
tecture 		Type Launch date Shader core count Fab

(nm)

Die size (mm2) Core clock rate (MHz) Max L2 cache size Fillrate (Max core count) FP32 GFLOPS
(per core) 		Vulkan Open
GL/ES 		Open
CL

Some microarchitectures (or just some chips?) support cache coherency for the L2 cache with the CPU.[29][30]

Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC) is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880[31] and Mali-G series.

Implementations

The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following systems on chips (SoCs):

Vendor SoC name Mali version
Allwinner Allwinner A1X (A10, A10s, A13) Mali-400 MP[32][33][34] @ 300 MHz
A20, A23, A33, A64,[35] H2, H3, H64, R8, R16, R40, R18 Mali-400 MP2[36] @ 350/350/350/600/600/?/?/?/?/?/? MHz
H5 Mali-450 MP4
H6 Mali-T720 MP2
H313, H616 Mali-G31 MP2
Amlogic 8726-M series (8726-M1, 8726-M3, 8726-M6, 8726-MX) Mali-400 MP/MP2[37] @ 250/400 MHz
8726-M8 series (M801, M802, S801, S802, S812) Mali-450 MP6[37] @ 600 MHz
8726-M8B series (M805, S805) Mali-450 MP2[37] @ 500 MHz
S905, S905X/D/L Mali-450 MP3 @ 750 MHz
S905X2, S905X3, S905Y2, S905D2 Mali-G31 MP2
S912 Mali-T820 MP3 @ 600 MHz
S922X, A311D Mali-G52 MP4
T966 Mali-T830 MP2 @ 650 MHz
Asus Tinkerboard, Tinkerboard S Mali-T760
Baikal Electronics Baikal-M Mali-T628 MP8[38]
CSR Quatro 5300 Series Mali-400 MP
ELVEES Multicore 1892VM14Ya Mali-300
InfoTM iMAP×15 Mali-400
iMAP×820 Mali-400 MP2
iMAP×912 Mali-400 MP2
Google Tensor Mali-G78 MP20
HiSilicon Kirin 620 Mali-450 MP4 @ 533 MHz
Kirin 650/655/658/659 Mali-T830 MP2 @ 900 MHz
Kirin 710 Mali-G51 MP4 @ 1000 MHz
Kirin 810 Mali-G52 MP6 @ 820 MHz
Kirin 820 Mali-G57 MP6 @??? MHz
Kirin 910/910T Mali-450 MP4 @ 533/700 MHz
Kirin 920/925/928 Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/600/? MHz
Kirin 930/935 Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/680 MHz
Kirin 950/955 Mali-T880 MP4 @ 900 MHz
Kirin 960 Mali-G71 MP8 @ 1037 MHz
Kirin 970 Mali-G72 MP12 @ 746 MHz
Kirin 980 Mali-G76 MP10 @ 720 MHz
Kirin 985 Mali-G77 MP8 @??? MHz
Kirin 990/990 5G Mali-G76 MP16 @ 600 MHz
Kirin 9000 5G/Kirin 9000E 5G Mali-G78 MP24/22 @ 759 MHz
Hi3798cv200 Mali-T720 @ 450/600 MHz
Leadcore LC1810, LC1811, LC1813, LC1913 Mali-400[39][40][41][42]
LC1860, LC1860C, LC1960 Mali-T628 MP2 @ 600 MHz
MediaTek MSD6683 Mali-470 MP3
MT5595, MT5890 Mali-T624 MP3
MT5596, MT5891 Mali-T860 MP2[43]
MT6571, MT6572, MT6572M Mali-400 MP1 @ ?/500/400 MHz
MT6580 Mali-400 MP1 @ 500 MHz
MT6582/MT6582M Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/416 MHz
MT6588, MT6591, MT6592, MT6592M, MT8127 Mali-450 MP4 @ 600/700/600/600 MHz[44]
MT6735, MT6735M, MT6735P Mali-T720 MP2 @ 600/500/400 MHz
MT6737, MT6737T Mali-T720 MP2 @ 550/600 MHz
MT8735 Mali-T720 MP2 @ 450 MHz
MT6753 Mali-T720 MP3 @ 700 MHz[45]
MT6732, MT6732M, MT6752, MT6752M Mali-T760 MP2 @ 500/500/700/700 MHz[46]
MT6750 Mali-T860 MP2 @ 520 MHz
MT6755 (Helio P10/P15/P18) Mali-T860 MP2 @ 700/650/800 MHz
MT6757 (Helio P20, P25) Mali-T880 MP2 @ 900 MHz/1.0 GHz[47]
MT6797 (Helio X20/X23/X25/X27) Mali-T880 MP4 @ 780/850/875 MHz
MT6763T (Helio P23), MT6758 (Helio P30) Mali-G71 MP2 @ 770/950 MHz[48][49]
MT6771 (Helio P60, P70) Mali-G72 MP3 @ 800/900 MHz[50][51]
MT6768 (Helio P65), MT6769 (Helio G70/G80/G85/G88) Mali-G52 MC2 @ 820/950/1000 MHz
MT6785 (Helio G90/G90T/G95) Mali-G76 MC4 @ 720/800/900 MHz
MT6781 (Helio G96), MT6833 (Dimensity 700, 810) Mali-G57 MC2 @ 850/950 MHz
MT6853 (Dimensity 720, 800U) Mali-G57 MC3 @ 850 MHz
MT6873 (Dimensity 800) Mali-G57 MC4 @ 650 MHz
MT6875 (Dimensity 820), MT6883Z (Dimensity 1000C) Mali-G57 MC5 @ 900 MHz
MT6877/MT6877T (Dimensity 900/920) Mali-G68 MC4 @ 900 MHz
MT6885Z (Dimensity 1000L) Mali-G77 MC7 @ 695 MHz
MT6889 (Dimensity 1000/1000+) Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz
MT6891/MT6893 (Dimensity 1100/1200/1300) Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz
MT8192 (Kompanio 820) Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz
MT8195/MT8195T (Kompanio 1200/1380) Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz
MT8791 (Kompanio 900T) Mali-G68 MP4 GPU @ 900 MHz
MT8797 (Kompanio 1300T) Mali-G77 MP9 @ 850 MHz
MT6895 (Dimensity 8000/8100) Mali-G610 MC6 @ ??? MHz
MT6983 (Dimensity 9000) Mali-G710 MP10 @ 850 MHz
NetLogic Au1380, Au1350 Mali-200[52][53]
Nufront NS2816, NS2816M Mali-400 MP
NS115, TL7688, TL7689 Mali-400 MP2
Realtek RTD1294, RTD1295, RTD1296 Mali-T820 MP3[54]
RTD1395 Mali-470
Rockchip RK2818 Mali-200
RK2926, RK2628, RK3036, RK3229 Mali-400 MP @ 400/400/500/600 MHz[55]
RK3026, RK3126, RK3128 Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/600/600 MHz
RK3066, RK3188, RK3188T Mali-400 MP4 @ 266/533/~400 MHz[56][57]
RK3288 Mali-T760 MP4 @ 600 MHz
RK3326 Mali-G31 MP2[58][59]
RK3328 Mali-450 MP2
RK3399 Mali-T860 MP4 @ 600 MHz
RK3530, RK3566, RK3568 Mali-G52[60]
RK3588 Mali-G610 MP4[61]
Samsung Exynos 3 Quad (3470), Exynos 4 Dual, Quad (4210, 4212 and 4412) Mali-400 MP4[62]
Exynos 5 Dual (5250) Mali-T604 MP4[63]
Exynos 5 Hexa (5260) Mali-T624 MP3
Exynos 5 Octa (5420, 5422, 5430 and 5800) Mali-T628 MP6
Exynos 5 Hexa (7872) Mali-G71 MP1 @ 1.2 GHz
Exynos 7 Octa (5433/7410) Mali-T760 MP6
Exynos 7 Octa (7420) Mali-T760 MP8 @ 772 MHz
Exynos 7 Quad (7570), Exynos 3 Quad (3475) Mali-T720 MP1
Exynos 7 Octa (7580) Mali-T720 MP2
Exynos 7 Octa (7870) Mali-T830 MP1
Exynos 7 Octa (7880) Mali-T830 MP3
Exynos 7 Series 7885 Mali-G71 MP2 @ 1300 MHz
Exynos 850 Mali-G52 MP1
Exynos 8 Octa 880 Mali-G76 MP5 @ ???MHz
Exynos 8 Octa (8890) Mali-T880 MP10 (Lite) / Mali-T880 MP12 @650 MHz
Exynos 9 Octa (8895) Mali-G71 MP20 @ 546 MHz[64][65]
Exynos 7 Series 9610 Mali-G72 MP3[66]
Exynos 9 Series 9810 Mali-G72 MP18 @ 572 MHz[67]
Exynos 9 Series 9820/9825 Mali-G76 MP12 @ 702/??? MHz
Exynos 9 Series 980 Mali-G76 MP5 @ ? MHz
Exynos 9 Series 990 Mali-G77 MP11 @ 800 MHz
Exynos 1280 Mali-G68 MP4 @ 1000 MHz
Exynos 1080 Mali-G78 MP10 @ ?? MHz
Exynos 2100 Mali-G78 MP14 @ ?? MHz
S5P6450 Vega Mali-400 MP[68]
Sigma Designs SMP8750 Series Mali-400 MP4 @ 350 MHz[69]
Socle-Tech Leopard-6 Mali-200[70]
Spreadtrum SC68xx, SC57xx, SC77xx, SC8xxx, SC983x Mali-400 MP Series[71]
SC9860, SC9860GV Mali-T880 MP4
ST-Ericsson NovaThor U9500, U8500, U5500 Mali-400 MP[72]
STMicroelectronics SPEAr1340 Mali-200[73]
STi7108, STiH416 Mali-400 MP[74][75]
Telechips TCC8803, TCC8902, TCC8900, TCC9201 Mali-200[37][76]
WonderMedia WM8750 Mali-200
WM8850, WM8950 Mali-400 MP[77]
WM8880, WM8980 Mali-400 MP2
WM8860 Mali-450
Xiaomi Surge S1 Mali-T860 MP4 @ 800 MHz[78][79]
Surge S2 Mali-G71 MP12 @ 900 MHz (?)[80]

Mali Video Processors

Mali Video is the name given to ARM Holdings' dedicated video decoding and video encoding ASIC. There are multiple versions implementing a number of video codecs, such as HEVC, VP9, H.264 and VP8. As with all ARM products, the Mali Video Processor is a semiconductor intellectual property core licensed to third parties for inclusion in their chips. Real time encode-decode capability is central to videotelephony. An interface to ARM's TrustZone technology is also built-in to enable Digital Rights Management of copyrighted material.

Mali-V500

The first version of a Mali Video processor was the V500, released in 2013 with the Mali-T622 GPU.[81] The V500 is a multicore design, sporting 1–8 cores, with support for H.264 and a protected video path using ARM TrustZone. The 8 core version is sufficient for 4K video decode at 120 frames per second (fps). The V500 can encode VP8 and H.264, and decode H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8.

Mali-V550

Released with the Mali-T800 GPU, ARM V550 video processors added both encode and decode HEVC support, 10-bit color depth, and technologies to further reduced power consumption.[82] The V550 also included technology improvements to better handle latency and save bandwidth.[83] Again built around the idea of a scalable number of cores (1–8) the V550 could support between 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 cores). The V550 supported HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG encode, and HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8, JPEG decode.

Mali-V61

The Mali V61 video processor (formerly named Egil) was released with the Mali Bifrost GPU in 2016.[84][85] V61 has been designed to improve video encoding, in particular HEVC and VP9, and to allow for encoding either a single or multiple streams simultaneously.[86] The design continues the 1–8 variable core number design, with a single core supporting 1080p60 while 8 cores can drive 4Kp120. It can decode and encode VP9 10-bit, VP9 8-bit, HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG and decode only MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, H.263.[87]

Mali-V52

The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018.[88] The processor is intended to support 4K (including HDR) video on mainstream devices.[89]

The platform is scalable from 1 to 4 cores and doubles the decode performance relative to V61. It also adds High 10 H.264 encode (Level 5.0) and decode (Level 5.1) capabilities, as well as AVS Part 2 (Jizhun) and Part 15 (AVS+, Guangdian) decode capability for YUV420.[90]

Mali-V76

The Mali V76 video processor was released with the Mali G76 GPU and Cortex-A76 CPU in 2018.[91] The V76 was designed to improve video encoding and decoding performance. The design continues the 2–8 variable core number design, with 8 cores capable of 8Kp60 decoding and 8Kp30 encoding. It claims improves HEVC encode quality by 25% relative to Mali-V61 at launch. The AV1 codec is not supported.

Mali-V77

The Mali V77 video processor was released with the Mali G77 GPU and Cortex-A77 CPU in 2019.

Comparison

Mali Video V500 V550 V61 V52 V76 V77
Announced June 2, 2013[92] October 27, 2014[93] October 31, 2016[94] March 6, 2018[95] May 31, 2018[91]
Recommended GPU Mali-T800-series Mali-G51
Mali-G72 		Mali-G31
Mali-G52 		Mali-G76 Mali-G77
Recommended DPU Mali-DP500 Mali-DP550
Mali-DP650 		Mali-DP650
Mali-D71 		Mali-D52
Memory system MMU
Bus interface AMBA 3 AXI
AMBA 4 ACE Lite 		AMBA AXI AMBA4 AXI
Performance (enc) 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 core) 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K60 (4 core) 1080p60 (1 core) to 8K30 (8 core)
Performance (dec) 1080p120 / 4K30 (1 core) to 4K120 (4 core) 1080p120 / 4K30 (1 core) to 8K60 (8 core)
Decode & Encode
H.264 8-bit D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E
H.264 10-bit - - - D & E D & E D & E
VP8 D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E
JPEG - D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E
HEVC Main - D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E
HEVC Main 10 - D D & E D & E D & E D & E
VP9 8-bit - - D & E D & E D & E D & E
VP9 10-bit - - D & E D & E D & E D & E
AV1 - - - - - -

Mali display processors

Mali-D71

The Mali-D71 added Arm Framebuffer Compression (AFBC) 1.2 encoder, support for ARM CoreLink MMU-600 and Assertive Display 5. Assertive Display 5 has support for HDR10 and hybrid log–gamma (HLG).

Mali-D77

The Mali-D77 added features including asynchronous timewarp (ATW), lens distortion correction (LDC), and chromatic aberration correction (CAC). The Mali-D77 is also capable of 3K (2880x1440) @ 120 Hz and 4K @ 90 Hz.[96]

Mali Display DP500[97][98] DP550[99] DP650[100][101] D71[102][103][104] D51 D77[105][106] D37[107]
Announced May 8, 2010 October 27, 2014 January 20, 2016 October 31, 2017 March 6, 2018 May 15, 2019 October 23, 2019
Optimized res n/a 720p (HD) to 1080p (FHD) 1440p (QHD) 1440p (QHD) to 2160p (UHD/4K) 1080p (FHD) to 1440p (QHD) 2880x1440 @ 120 Hz 1080p (FHD) to 1440p (QHD)
Maximum res 2160p (4K) 2160p (4K) 2160p (4K) 2160p (4K) up to 120fps 4096x2048 up to 60fps 4320x2160 @ 120 Hz
Launched Alongside Cortex-A17 core Mali-T800 series GPU, V550 Video Processor CoreLink MMU-600, Assertive Display 5 Mali-G31, Mali-G52, Mali-V52 Ethos-N77, Ethos-N57, Ethos-N37 Mali-G57

Mali Camera

Mali-C71

On April 25, 2017 the Mali-C71 was announced, ARM's first Image Signal Processor (ISP).[108][109][110]

Mali-C52 & Mali-C32

On January 3, 2019 the Mali-C52 and C32 where announced, aimed at everyday devices including drones, smart home assistants and security, and internet protocol (IP) camera.[111]

Mali-C71AE

On September 29, 2020 the Mali-C71AE image signal processor was introduced, alongside the Cortex-A78AE CPU and Mali-G78AE GPU.[112] It supports up to 4 real-time cameras or up to 16 virtual cameras with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 4096 each.[113]

Mali-C55

On June 8, 2022 the Mali-C55 ISP was introduced as successor to the C52.[114][115] It's the smallest and most configurable image signal processor from Arm, and support up to 8 camera with a max resolution of 48 megapixel each. Arm claims improved tone mapping and spatial noise reduction compared to the C52. Multiple C55 ISPs can be combined to support higher than 48 megapixel resolutions.

Comparison

Mali Camera C32 C52 C55 C71 C71AE
Announced January 3, 2019 June 8, 2022[116] April 25, 2017 September 29, 2020[117]
Throughput 600 MP/s 1.2 GP/s
Support cameras 4 8 4 real-time or 16 virtual
Max resolution 4608x3456 (16 MP) 8192x6144 (48 MP) 4096x4096 (16MP)
Bit-depth (Dynamic Range) 20-bit (20 stops) 24-bit (24 stops)
Channel support RGGB, RGBlr RGGB RGGB, RCCC, RGBIr, RCCB, RCCG RGGB, RCCC, RCCB, RCCG, RGBIr and RYYCyan
up to 16 channels
ASIL compliance ASIL D ASIL B / SIL 2

ASIL D / SIL 3

The Lima and Panfrost FOSS drivers

On January 21, 2012, Phoronix reported that Luc Verhaegen was driving a reverse-engineering attempt aimed at the Mali series of GPUs, specifically the Mali 200 and Mali 400 versions. The project was known as Lima and targeted support for OpenGL ES 2.0.[118] The reverse-engineering project was presented at FOSDEM, February 4, 2012,[119][120] followed by the opening of a website demonstrating some renders. On February 2, 2013, Verhaegen demonstrated Quake III Arena in timedemo mode, running on top of the Lima driver.[121] In May 2018, a Lima developer posted the driver for inclusion in the Linux kernel.[122] In May 2019, the Lima driver became part of the mainline Linux kernel.[123] The Mesa userspace counterpart was merged at the same time. It currently supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0 and parts of 2.1, and the fallback emulation in MESA provides full support for graphical desktop environments.[124]

Panfrost is a reverse-engineered driver effort for Mali Txxx (Midgard) and Gxx (Bifrost) GPUs. Introducing Panfrost talk was presented at X.Org Developer's Conference 2018. As of May 2019, the Panfrost driver is part of the mainline Linux kernel.[125] and MESA. Panfrost supports OpenGL ES 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1, as well as OpenGL 3.1.[126]

See also

  • Adreno – GPU developed by Qualcomm (formerly AMD, then Freescale)
  • Atom family of SoCs – with Intel graphics core, not licensed to third parties
  • AMD mobile APUs – with AMD graphics core, licensed to Samsung[127]
  • PowerVR – by Imagination Technologies
  • Tegra – family of SoCs by Nvidia with the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
  • VideoCore – family of SoCs by Broadcom with the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
  • Vivante – available as SIP block to third parties
  • Imageon – old AMD mobile GPU

References

  1. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored". https://www.anandtech.com/show/8234/arms-mali-midgard-architecture-explored. 
  2. ↑ "ARM Strengthens Its 3D Graphics IP Portfolio Through Falanx Acquisition". https://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/13706.php. 
  3. ↑ Freddi Jeffries (2016-06-17). "Happy 10th Birthday Mali!". Arm Limited. https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/graphics-gaming-and-vr-blog/posts/happy-10th-birthday-mali. Retrieved 2021-12-19. 
  4. ↑ "Initial support for ARM Mali Display Controller". Linux kernel mailing list. 2016-04-01. http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1604.0/00503.html. 
  5. ↑ "DRM: Add support for the ARM HDLCD display controller [LWN.net]". https://lwn.net/Articles/667575/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://static.docs.arm.com/dui0363/d/DUI0363D_opengl_es_app_dev_guide.pdf[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  7. ↑ Mali Graphics Webpage; Arm Holdings.
  8. ↑ "ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored". http://www.anandtech.com/show/8234/arms-mali-midgard-architecture-explored/2. 
  9. ↑ "ARM Mali GPU Makes Advanced Graphics a Reality for All Consumers". http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-mali-gpu-makes-advanced-graphics-a-reality-for-all-consumers.php. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 http://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2012-pan-pacific-road-show/OpenGL-and-OpenGL-ES-Taiwan_Feb-2012.pdf Khronos Group OpenGL and OpenGL ES Taiwan Feb 2012
  11. ↑ "ARM Heralds New Era In Embedded Graphics With Next-Generation Mali GPU". http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-heralds-new-era-in-embedded-graphics-with-next-generation-mali-gpu.php. 
  12. ↑ "Mali-T658 GPU Extends Graphics And GPU Compute Leadership For High Performance Devices". http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/mali-t658-gpu-extends-graphics-and-gpu-compute-leadership-for-high-performance-devices.php. 
  13. ↑ "ARM Targets 580 Million Mid-Range Mobile Devices with New Suite of IP". http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-targets-580-million-mid-range-mobile-devices-with-new-suite-of-ip.php. 
  14. ↑ AnandTech | ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs
  15. ↑ depending on number of GPU shader core groups
  16. ↑ "The Samsung Exynos 7420 Deep Dive – Inside A Modern 14nm SoC". AnandTech. http://www.anandtech.com/show/9330/exynos-7420-deep-dive/2. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 depending on number of shader core groups
  18. ↑ "Mali GPU: An abstract machine part 3 – The midgard shader core" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/the-mali-gpu-an-abstract-machine-part-3---the-midgard-shader-core. 
  19. ↑ "Vulkan – Mali Developer Center". ARM. http://malideveloper.arm.com/documentation/developer-guides/vulkan/. 
  20. ↑ Supported as of June 2016 with r12p0 userspace driver
  21. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G31 GPU – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-gpus/mali-g31-gpu. 
  22. ↑ "The Khronos Group" (in en). 2022-06-28. https://www.khronos.org/adopters/conformant-products/vulkan. 
  23. ↑ Lynch, Doug (31 October 2016). "ARM announces their second Bifrost GPU – the Mali-G51". XDA Developers. http://www.xda-developers.com/arm-announces-its-2nd-bifrost-gpu-the-mali-g51/. 
  24. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G51 GPU". https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-gpus/mali-g51-gpu. 
  25. ↑ "The Mali GPU: An Abstract Machine, Part 4 – The Bifrost Shader Core" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/the-mali-gpu-an-abstract-machine-part-4---the-bifrost-shader-core?CommentSortBy=CreatedDate&CommentSortOrder=Descending. 
  26. ↑ "GPU GFLOPS". https://gflops.surge.sh/. 
  27. ↑ "The Exynos 9810 – Introducing Meerkat". AnandTech. https://www.anandtech.com/show/12520/the-galaxy-s9-review/3. 
  28. ↑ "MediaTek Dimensity 700". MediaTek. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/dimensity-700. 
  29. ↑ http://www.heterogeneouscompute.org/hipeac2011Presentations/OpenCL-Midgard.pdf Midgard OpenCL Cache coherency
  30. ↑ http://www.chipdesignmag.com/pallab/2011/06/30/arm-mali-gpu-unifying-graphics-across-platforms/ Heterogeneous Computing
  31. ↑ "Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC) technology developed by ARM and AMD". https://www.arm.com/products/multimedia/mali-technologies/adaptive-scalable-texture-compression.php. 
  32. ↑ "A10". Allwinner Technology. http://www.allwinnertech.com/en/product/A10.html. 
  33. ↑ "A10s". Allwinner Technology. http://www.allwinnertech.com/en/product/A10s.html. 
  34. ↑ "A13". Allwinner Technology. http://www.allwinnertech.com/en/product/A13.html. 
  35. ↑ "A64". Linux-sunxi community. November 27, 2019. https://linux-sunxi.org/A64. 
  36. ↑ "AllWinner Publishes A31 and A20 Processors Details". CNXSoft. December 9, 2012. http://www.cnx-software.com/2012/12/09/allwinner-a31-and-a20-processors-details/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Limadriver.org: Hardware
  38. ↑ "Baikal-M". https://www.baikalelectronics.com/products/M/. 
  39. ↑ "LC1810". Leadcore. http://www.leadcoretech.com/LC1810-A9.htm. 
  40. ↑ "LC1811". Leadcore. http://www.leadcoretech.com/LC1811-A9.htm. 
  41. ↑ "LC1813". Leadcore. http://www.leadcoretech.com/LC1813-Chip.htm. 
  42. ↑ "LC1913". Leadcore. http://www.leadcoretech.com/LC1913-Chip.htm. 
  43. ↑ "MediaTek MT5596 Digital TV". 2019-08-27. https://www.mediatek.com/products/digitalTv/mt5596. 
  44. ↑ Mediatek MT8127
  45. ↑ "MediaTek MT6753 datasheet | Processor Specs | PhoneDB". http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=processor&id=553&c=mediatek_mt6753&d=detailed_specs. 
  46. ↑ "ARM Mali-T760 MP2". http://www.notebookcheck.net/ARM-Mali-T760-MP2.146753.0.html. 
  47. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity" (in en-US). 2018-03-26. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/mediatek-helio-p25. 
  48. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity" (in en-US). 2017-12-06. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/mediatek-helio-p23. 
  49. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity" (in en-US). 2017-12-06. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/mediatek-helio-p30. 
  50. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity" (in en-US). 2018-03-26. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/mediatek-helio-p60. 
  51. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity" (in en-US). 2018-10-25. https://www.mediatek.com/products/smartphones/mediatek-helio-p70. 
  52. ↑ "NetLogic Au1300". http://www.netlogicmicro.com/Products/Alchemy/Au1300.asp. 
  53. ↑ RMI Au1300 Press release
  54. ↑ cnxsoft (2017-06-07). "Realtek RTD1296 STB/Media NAS SoC Coming Soon with Multiple Ethernet Ports, Dual SATA, HDMI 2.0 Input and Output" (in en-US). https://www.cnx-software.com/2017/06/07/realtek-rtd1296-stbmedia-nas-soc-coming-soon-with-dual-ethernet-dual-sata-hdmi-2-0-input-and-output/. 
  55. ↑ "Filla Sapphire 7 Product Specification". http://myfilla.com/index.php?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=64. 
  56. ↑ Rockchip Licenses a Wide Range of ARM IP for Turnkey Solution Targeting Mass Market, Cost-Effective Android Tablets
  57. ↑ http://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/28nm-quad-core-era-rk3188-144500035.html[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  58. ↑ "Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司". http://www.rock-chips.com/a/en/products/RK33_Series/2018/0514/900.html. 
  59. ↑ "Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司". http://www.rock-chips.com/a/en/News/Press_Releases/2018/0413/898.html. 
  60. ↑ Aufranc, Jean-Luc (2019-04-24). "RK3588 8K Arm Cortex-A76/A55 SoC, Rockchip Roadmap to 2020" (in en-US). https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/04/24/rk3588-8k-arm-cortex-a76-a55-soc-rockchip-roadmap-2020/. 
  61. ↑ "瑞芯微RK3588八核8K旗舰SoC芯片参数简介". https://www.scensmart.com/general-description-of-soc/rockchip-rk3588-arm-8k-soc/. 
  62. ↑ (in English) ARM Powered Smartphone Sets New Graphics Benchmark on ARM blog
  63. ↑ "Samsung Confirms Mali is in the Exynos 5250 Processor – ARM Community". http://blogs.arm.com/multimedia/676-samsung-confirms-mali-is-in-the-exynos-5250-processor/. 
  64. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "Samsung Announces Exynos 8895 SoC: 10nm, Mali G71MP20, & LPDDR4x". http://www.anandtech.com/show/11149/samsung-announces-exynos-8895-soc-10nm. 
  65. ↑ Humrick, Matt. "Samsung Galaxy S8 Showdown: Exynos 8895 vs. Snapdragon 835, Performance & Battery Life Tested". https://www.anandtech.com/show/11540/samsung-galaxy-s8-exynos-versus-snapdragon/4. 
  66. ↑ "Exynos 7 Series 9610 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos" (in en). http://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-7-series-9610/. 
  67. ↑ "Samsung Honored for Outstanding Design and Engineering with 36 CES 2018 Innovation Awards" (in en). https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-honored-for-outstanding-design-and-engineering-with-36-ces-2018-innovation-awards. 
  68. ↑ Hardkernel ODROID-E7 development board
  69. ↑ "Sigma Designs announces HEVC capable SMP8750 family". http://www.sigmadesigns.com/news/sigma-designs-to-launch-new-arm-based-chipset-family-with-hevc-at-ces/. 
  70. ↑ Socle Leopard-6 SoC
  71. ↑ Spreadtrum SC8819
  72. ↑ ST-Ericsson NovaThor product page
  73. ↑ STMicro SPEAr1340
  74. ↑ STMicro STi7108 Press release
  75. ↑ STMicro STiH416 Press release
  76. ↑ 2010, ARM Limited: TCC8900 development board
  77. ↑ "WonderMedia Prizm WM8950 Press release". http://www.wondermedia.com.tw/en/company/press_center/pressrelease/20120105-wm8950.jsp. 
  78. ↑ "Hardware.Info Nederland" (in nl). https://nl.hardware.info/nieuws/51262/xiaomi-kondigt-eerste-telefoon-met-eigen-surge-s1-soc-aan-de-mi-5c. 
  79. ↑ "Surge S1 – Xiaomi" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/xiaomi/surge/s1. 
  80. ↑ "Surge S2 – Xiaomi" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/xiaomi/surge/s2. 
  81. ↑ Lal Shimpi, Anand (2 June 2013). "ARM MaliT622 V500 Video Block Complement Cortex A12". Anandtech.com. http://www.anandtech.com/show/7010/arm-malit622-v500-video-block-complement-cortex-a12. 
  82. ↑ Smith, Ryan (27 October 2014). "ARM Announces Mali V550 Video Processor and Mali P550 Display Processor". Anandtech.com. http://www.anandtech.com/show/8650/arm-announces-maliv550-video-processor-malidp550-display-processor. 
  83. ↑ Sims, Gary (27 October 2014). "Mali-T860 GPU headlines new range of integrated media designs from ARM". Android Authority. http://www.androidauthority.com/mali-t860-range-media-designs-543790/. 
  84. ↑ Smith, Ryan (16 June 2016). "ARM Announces Mali Egil Video Processor". Anandtech.com. http://www.anandtech.com/show/10428/arm-announces-mali-egil-video-processor. 
  85. ↑ Smith, Ryan (31 October 2016). "ARM Announces Mali-G51 Mainstream GPU, Mali-V-61 Video Processing Block". Anandtech. http://www.anandtech.com/show/10805/arm-announces-mali-g51-mali-v61. 
  86. ↑ Walrath, Josh (16 June 2016). "ARM Introduces Egil Video Processor: 4K 120 Hz the Top!". TechReport.com. https://www.pcper.com/reviews/General-Tech/ARM-Introduces-Egil-Video-Processor-4K-120-Hz-Top. 
  87. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-V61 – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-video-processors/mali-v61-video-processor. 
  88. ↑ Wiggers, Kyle (6 March 2018). "ARM Introduces the Mali-G52/G31 GPUs and the Mali-D51 Display and Mali-V52 Video Processors". Xda Developers. https://www.xda-developers.com/arm-mali-g52-g31-gpus-mali-d51-display-mali-v52-video-processors/. 
  89. ↑ Tyson, Mark (7 March 2018). "Arm launches Mali-G52 and Mali-G31 mainstream GPUs". Hexus. http://hexus.net/tech/news/graphics/115961-arm-launches-mali-g52-mali-g31-mainstream-gpus/. 
  90. ↑ "Arm Introduces Mali-G52 & Mali-G31 GPUs, Mali-D51 Display Processor, and Mali-V52 Video Processor for Mainstream Devices". 6 March 2018. https://www.cnx-software.com/2018/03/06/arm-introduces-mali-g52-mali-g31-gpus-mali-d51-display-processor-and-mali-v52-video-processor-for-mainstream-devices/. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Smith, Ryan (31 May 2018). "ARM Announces Mail-V76 Video Processor". Anandtech. https://www.anandtech.com/show/12835/arm-announces-maliv76-video-processor-planning-for-the-8k-video-future. 
  92. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "ARM Mali-T622 & V500 Video Block Complement Cortex A12". https://www.anandtech.com/show/7010/arm-malit622-v500-video-block-complement-cortex-a12. 
  93. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-V550 Video Processor & Mali-DP550 Display Processor". https://www.anandtech.com/show/8650/arm-announces-maliv550-video-processor-malidp550-display-processor. 
  94. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-G51 Mainstream GPU, Mali-V-61 Video Processing Block". https://www.anandtech.com/show/10805/arm-announces-mali-g51-mali-v61. 
  95. ↑ "Mali-G52 GPU". https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-gpus/mali-g52-gpu. 
  96. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Mali D77 Display Processor: Facilitating AR & VR". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14340/arm-announces-mali-d77-display-processor-facilitating-ar-vr. 
  97. ↑ "Is the future as good as it used to be?" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/is-the-future-as-good-as-it-used-to-be. 
  98. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali Display Processors – Arm Developer" (in en). http://www.arm.com/products/multimedia/mali-display/mali-dp500.php. 
  99. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-DP550 – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-display-processors/mali-dp550-display-processor. 
  100. ↑ "ARM enables power efficient, enhanced visual experiences on 2.5K and 4K mobile devices with the Mali-DP650 Display Processor" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/arm-enables-power-efficient-enhanced-visual-experiences-on-2-5k-and-4k-mobile-devices-with-the-mali-dp650-display-processor. 
  101. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-DP650 – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-display-processors/mali-dp650-display-processor. 
  102. ↑ "Mali-D71 and the Next Generation Display Solution" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/mali-d71-and-the-next-generation-display-solution. 
  103. ↑ Oh, Nate. "Arm Announces New Mali-D71 Display Processor and IP Blocks". https://www.anandtech.com/show/11983/arm-announces-new-malid71-display-processor-and-ip-blocks. 
  104. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-D71 – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-display-processors/mali-d71-display-processor. 
  105. ↑ "Introducing the Arm Mali-D77 Display Processor for VR – Graphics and Gaming blog – Graphics and Gaming – Arm Community" (in en). https://community.arm.com/developer/tools-software/graphics/b/blog/posts/introducing-the-arm-mali-d77-display-processor. 
  106. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Mali D77 Display Processor: Facilitating AR & VR". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14340/arm-announces-mali-d77-display-processor-facilitating-ar-vr. 
  107. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces New Ethos-N57 and N37 NPUs, Mali-G57 Valhall GPU and Mali-D37 DPU". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15015/arm-announces-new-ethosn57-and-n37-npus-new-malig57-valhall-gpu-and-malid37-dpu. 
  108. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-C71: Their First Automotive-Grade Image Signal Processor". https://www.anandtech.com/show/11293/arm-announces-mali-c71-automotive-isp. 
  109. ↑ "Mali-C71 driving image processing for automotive" (in en). Arm Community. https://community.arm.com/graphics/b/blog/posts/driving-next-generation-image-processing-for-automotive. 
  110. ↑ Ltd., Arm. "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali Camera – Arm Developer" (in en). https://developer.arm.com/products/graphics-and-multimedia/mali-camera. 
  111. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "A sharper digital eye for intelligent devices" (in en). https://www.arm.com/company/news/2019/01/a-sharper-digital-eye-for-intelligent-devices. 
  112. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "New Arm technologies enable safety-capable computing solutions for an autonomous future" (in en). https://www.arm.com/company/news/2020/09/new-arm-technologies-enable-safety-capable-computing-solutions. 
  113. ↑ "Arm Mali-C71AE: High performance ISP with advanced safety - Embedded blog - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community" (in en). https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/embedded-blog/posts/arm-mali-c71ae-image-signal-processing-advanced-safety. 
  114. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "Arm introduces new image signal processor to advance vision systems for IoT and embedded markets" (in en). https://www.arm.com/company/news/2022/06/arm-introduces-new-isp-to-advance-vision-systems-for-iot-and-embedded-markets. 
  115. ↑ "Arm Mali-C55: Image processing with smallest silicon area and highest performance - Internet of Things (IoT) blog - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community" (in en). https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/internet-of-things-blog/posts/new-image-signal-processor-mali-c55. 
  116. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "Arm introduces new image signal processor to advance vision systems for IoT and embedded markets" (in en). https://www.arm.com/company/news/2022/06/arm-introduces-new-isp-to-advance-vision-systems-for-iot-and-embedded-markets. 
  117. ↑ Ltd, Arm. "New Arm technologies enable safety-capable computing solutions for an autonomous future" (in en). https://www.arm.com/company/news/2020/09/new-arm-technologies-enable-safety-capable-computing-solutions. 
  118. ↑ Phoronix, Jan 27 2012: Announcing The Lima Open-Source GPU Driver
  119. ↑ Phoronix, Jan 21 2012: An Open-Source, Reverse-Engineered Mali GPU Driver
  120. ↑ FOSDEM schedule, Jan 21 2012: Liberating ARM's Mali GPU
  121. ↑ Quake 3 Arena timedemo on top of the lima driver!
  122. ↑ Lima DRM driver
  123. ↑ drm/lima: driver for ARM Mali4xx GPUs}
  124. ↑ "Lima". https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/lima.html. 
  125. ↑ drm/panfrost: Add initial panfrost driver
  126. ↑ "Panfrost". https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/panfrost.html. 
  127. ↑ https://www.amd.com/en/press-releases/2019-06-03-amd-and-samsung-announce-strategic-partnership-ultra-low-power-high[bare URL]

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