Physics:Isotopes of polonium
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Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 84 but with different mass numbers
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There are 42 isotopes of polonium (84Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. 209Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. 209Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can 208Po.[2]
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Historic name |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (u) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode |
Daughter isotope [n 4][n 5] |
Spin and parity [n 6][n 7] |
Isotopic abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 7] | |||||||||
186Po | 84 | 102 | 186.004403(20) | 28+16 −6 μs |
α | 182Pb | 0+ | ||
187Po | 84 | 103 | 187.003030(40) | 1.40(25) ms | α | 183Pb | 1/2-, 5/2- | ||
187mPo | 4(27) keV | 0.5 ms | α | 183Pb | 13/2+# | ||||
188Po | 84 | 104 | 187.999416(21) | 270(30) μs | α | 184Pb | 0+ | ||
189Po | 84 | 105 | 188.998473(24) | 3.5(5) ms | α | 185Pb | (5/2−) | ||
190Po | 84 | 106 | 189.995102(14) | 2.45(5) ms | α | 186Pb | 0+ | ||
191Po | 84 | 107 | 190.994558(8) | 22(1) ms | α | 187Pb | 3/2− | ||
191mPo | 61(11) keV | 93(3) ms | α | 187mPb | 13/2+ | ||||
192Po | 84 | 108 | 191.991340(11) | 32.2(3) ms | α | 188Pb | 0+ | ||
192mPo | 2294.6(10) keV | 580(100) ns | IT | 192Po | 11- | ||||
193Po | 84 | 109 | 192.991062(16) | 399(34) ms | α | 189Pb | 3/2− | ||
193mPo | 100(6) keV | 245(11) ms | α | 189mPb | 13/2+ | ||||
194Po | 84 | 110 | 193.988186(14) | 392(4) ms | α | 190Pb | 0+ | ||
194mPo | 2313.4(3) keV | 12.9(5) μs | IT | 194Po | (10−) | ||||
195Po | 84 | 111 | 194.988066(6) | 4.64(9) s | α (94%) | 191Pb | 3/2− | ||
β+? | 195Bi | ||||||||
195mPo | 148(9) keV | 1.92(2) s | α | 191mPb | 13/2+ | ||||
196Po | 84 | 112 | 195.985541(6) | 5.56(12) s | α (94%) | 192Pb | 0+ | ||
β+? | 196Bi | ||||||||
196mPo | 2493.9(4) keV | 856(17) ns | IT | 196Po | 11− | ||||
197Po | 84 | 113 | 196.985622(11) | 53.6(9) s | β+? | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||
α (44%) | 193Pb | ||||||||
197mPo | 196(12)# keV | 25.8(1) s | α (84%) | 193mPb | 13/2+ | ||||
β+? | 197Bi | ||||||||
IT? | 197Po | ||||||||
198Po | 84 | 114 | 197.983389(19) | 1.760(24) min | α (57%) | 194Pb | 0+ | ||
β+ (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||
198m1Po | 2565.92(20) keV | 200(20) ns | IT | 198Po | 11− | ||||
198m2Po | 2740(50)# keV | 750(50) ns | IT | 198Po | 12+ | ||||
199Po | 84 | 115 | 198.983666(25) | 5.48(16) min | β+ (92.5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||
α (7.5%) | 195Pb | ||||||||
199mPo | 312.0(28) keV | 4.17(4) min | β+ (73.5%) | 199Bi | 13/2+ | ||||
α (24%) | 195Pb | ||||||||
IT (2.5%) | 199Po | ||||||||
200Po | 84 | 116 | 199.981799(15) | 11.5(1) min | β+ (88.8%) | 200Bi | 0+ | ||
α (11.1%) | 196Pb | ||||||||
201Po | 84 | 117 | 200.982260(6) | 15.3(2) min | β+ (98.4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||
α (1.6%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
201mPo | 424.1(24) keV | 8.9(2) min | IT (56%) | 201Po | 13/2+ | ||||
EC (41%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
α (2.9%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
202Po | 84 | 118 | 201.980758(16) | 44.7(5) min | β+ (98%) | 202Bi | 0+ | ||
α (2%) | 198Pb | ||||||||
202mPo | 2626.7(7) keV | >200 ns | 11− | ||||||
203Po | 84 | 119 | 202.981420(28) | 36.7(5) min | β+ (99.89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||
α (.11%) | 199Pb | ||||||||
203m1Po | 641.49(17) keV | 45(2) s | IT (99.96%) | 203Po | 13/2+ | ||||
α (.04%) | 199Pb | ||||||||
203m2Po | 2158.5(6) keV | >200 ns | |||||||
204Po | 84 | 120 | 203.980318(12) | 3.53(2) h | β+ (99.33%) | 204Bi | 0+ | ||
α (.66%) | 200Pb | ||||||||
205Po | 84 | 121 | 204.981203(21) | 1.66(2) h | β+ (99.96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||
α (.04%) | 201Pb | ||||||||
205m1Po | 143.166(17) keV | 310(60) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
205m2Po | 880.30(4) keV | 645 μs | 13/2+ | ||||||
205m3Po | 1461.21(21) keV | 57.4(9) ms | IT | 205Po | 19/2− | ||||
205m4Po | 3087.2(4) keV | 115(10) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
206Po | 84 | 122 | 205.980481(9) | 8.8(1) d | β+ (94.55%) | 206Bi | 0+ | ||
α (5.45%) | 202Pb | ||||||||
206m1Po | 1585.85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8+)# | ||||||
206m2Po | 2262.22(14) keV | 1.05(6) μs | (9−)# | ||||||
207Po | 84 | 123 | 206.981593(7) | 5.80(2) h | β+ (99.97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||
α (.021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||
207m1Po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
207m2Po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||
207m3Po | 1383.15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||
208Po | 84 | 124 | 207.9812457(19) | 2.898(2) y | α (99.99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||
β+ (.00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||
209Po | 84 | 125 | 208.9824304(20) | 124(3) y | α (99.546%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||
ε (.454%) | 209Bi | ||||||||
210Po[n 8] | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209.9828737(13) | 138.376(2) d | α | 206Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
210mPo | 5057.61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16+ | ||||||
211Po | Actinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210.9866532(14) | 516(3) ms | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] |
211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25.2(6) s | α (99.98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||
IT (.016%) | 211Po | ||||||||
211m2Po | 2135.7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
211m3Po | 4873.3(17) keV | 2.8(7) μs | (43/2+) | ||||||
212Po | Thorium C' | 84 | 128 | 211.9888680(13) | 294.4(8) ns[3] | α | 208Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] |
212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45.1(6) s | α (99.93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||
IT (.07%) | 212Po | ||||||||
213Po | 84 | 129 | 212.992857(3) | 3.65(4) μs | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 12] | |
214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213.9952014(16) | 164.3(20) μs | α | 210Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
215Po | Actinium A | 84 | 131 | 214.9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | α (99.99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] |
β− (2.3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||
216Po | Thorium A | 84 | 132 | 216.0019150(24) | 145(2) ms | α[n 13] | 212Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] |
217Po | 84 | 133 | 217.006335(7) | 1.47(5) s | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | Trace[n 12] | |
β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||
218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218.0089730(26) | 3.10(1) min | α (99.98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
β− (.02%) | 218At | ||||||||
219Po | 84 | 135 | 219.01361(16) | 10.3(1) min | α (28.2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||
β− (71.8%) | 219At | ||||||||
220Po | 84 | 136 | 220.0164(18) | 40# s [>300 ns] |
β− | 220At | 0+ | ||
221Po | 84 | 137 | 221.02123(20) | 2.2(0.7) min | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||
222Po | 84 | 138 | 222.024144(40) | 9.1(7.2) min | β− | 222At | 0+ | ||
223Po | 84 | 139 | 223.02907(21)# | 6# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 223At | 11/2+# | ||
224Po | 84 | 140 | 224.03211(21)# | 3# min [>300 ns] |
β−? | 224At | 0+ | ||
225Po | 84 | 141 | 225.03712(32)# | 10# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 225At | 3/2+# | ||
226Po | 84 | 142 | 226.04031(43)# | 1# min [>300 ns] |
β−? | 226At | 0+ | ||
227Po | 84 | 143 | 227.04539(43)# | 2# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 227At | 5/2+# |
- ↑ mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ↑ Most common isotope
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Intermediate decay product of 238U
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Intermediate decay product of 235U
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Intermediate decay product of 232Th
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Intermediate decay product of 237Np
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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See also
- Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko (with 210Po)
References
- ↑ Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". NIST Tech Beat. http://www.nist.gov/pml/div682/po-090914.cfm. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ↑ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D. et al. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
- General references
Isotope data is sourced in:
- Atomic weights of the elements:
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- Isotopic mass, spin and parity
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
- Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
- Half-life
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001. Bibcode: 2017ChPhC..41c0001A. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2016/NUBASE2016.pdf.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
- Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
![]() | Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes of polonium.
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