Template:Infobox copper

Copper, ₂₉Cu

Copper
Appearance	red-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu)	63.546(3)
Copper in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ Cu ↓ Ag nickel ← copper → zinc
Atomic number (Z)	29
Group	group 11
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Element category	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
Boiling point	2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.96 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.440 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies	1st: 745.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	140 pm
Spectral lines of copper
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed) 3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	401 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	16.78 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−5.46·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness	235–878 MPa
CAS Number	7440-50-8
History
Naming	after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
Discovery	Middle East (9000 BC)
Main isotopes of copper
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 63Cu 69.15% stable 64Cu syn 12.70 h ε 64Ni β− 64Zn 65Cu 30.85% stable 67Cu syn 61.83 h β− 67Zn

Cu data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	1084.62	—	—
K	1357.77	1357.77	0
F	1984.32	1984.32	0
max precision	2
WD
input	C: 1084.62, K: 1357.77, F: 1984.32
comment

Cu data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2562	—	—
K	2835	2835	0
F	4643	4644	-1
max precision	0
WD
input	C: 2562, K: 2835, F: 4643
comment

PTChemistry:copper

Ni ← i'box Ni	iso29Cu  infobox  isobox	→ Zn i'box Zn
Commons  Wikidata:Q753  Wiktionary Indexes in PT: § below · Page

[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

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