Company:Renault Samsung Motors
File:Logo of RKM.svg | |
Native name | 르노삼성자동차 주식회사 |
---|---|
Formerly | Samsung Motors, Inc. |
Type | Subsidiary |
Industry | Automotive |
Founded | 1995[1] |
Headquarters | Busan, South Korea |
Key people | Dominique Signora (CEO)[2] |
Products | Cars |
Production output | 110,650 (2020)[3][note 1] |
Revenue | ![]() |
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Total assets | ![]() |
Total equity | ![]() |
Owners |
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Number of employees | 4,387 (December 2013)[5] |
Parent | Renault |
Website | renaultkoream.com |
Renault Korea Motors (Korean: 르노코리아자동차), legally registered as Renault Samsung Motors Co., Ltd., is a South Korean car manufacturer headquartered in Busan where its single assembly site is also located, with additional facilities at Seoul (administration), Giheung (research and development) and Daegu (vehicle testing). It was first established as Samsung Motors in 1994 by the chaebol Samsung, with technical assistance from Nissan.
The company started selling cars in 1998, just before South Korea was hit by the East Asian financial crisis. In 2000, it became a subsidiary of the French car manufacturer Renault adopting the name Renault Samsung Motors (RSM), although Samsung maintained a minority ownership. It adopted its present trade name in March 2022, and it is set to change its legal name by August.
Renault Korea Motors markets a range of cars, including electric models and crossovers.
History
Beginnings: Samsung Group era (1994–2000)
In the early 1990s, Samsung's Chairman Lee Kun-hee recognised the automotive industry as the culmination of several others. For the Samsung Group, this would allow to leverage resources and technologies from the entire group including Samsung Electrics and Samsung Electronics.[6] He initially tried to take control of Kia, but competition from other bidders and legal restrictions led to him dropping the idea. Kia was eventually purchased by Hyundai.[7]
Lee decided to create a new carmaker, Samsung Motors (also known as SMI)[1] and a truck manufacturer, Samsung Commercial Vehicles Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼성상용차 주식회사; RR: Samseong Sangyongcha Jusikoesa), the latter through Samsung Heavy Industries with Nissan Diesel's support.[8][9] SMI was established in 1994 (incorporated in 1995)[1] and Daegu-based Samsung Commercial Vehicles in 1996.[9][10][11] Shortly after SMI started its operations, the Asian financial crisis hit.[1][12] Samsung divested itself of SMI as well as other non-core subsidiaries.[13] SMI was put up for sale, with Daewoo Motors being one of the first interested companies,[7][14] but, as the crisis deepened, Daewoo Motors itself was bought by GM.[15] Hyundai Motors was also considered as a possible buyer, but corporate politics and strife between the Samsung Group and the Hyundai Group made this impossible. Negotiations with Renault started in December 1998, and in September 2000 the French automaker bought a 70% stake for US$560 million.[12][16] Samsung Commercial Vehicles was kept by Samsung, but finally it filed for bankruptcy at the end of 2000.[11][13]
![](/wiki/images/thumb/f/f6/Nissancefiro1995.jpg/240px-Nissancefiro1995.jpg)
Coupled with his interest on cars, Lee's project of building SMI as a global automotive company started out with technical assistance from Nissan,[14] a company which at the time of SMI's early stages was in dire financial straits. SMI's affiliation with Nissan could have been one of the reasons for Renault buying a major share of the company, as Renault had become a major shareholder of Nissan by then. One of the very early planners for SMI has stated that technical affiliations for SMI were initially considered with Volkswagen, BMW or Honda.[17] From 1998, Renault Samsung Motors sold cars in Chile with the introduction of the SQ5 (the current SM5).[18]
Later developments: Renault era (2000–present)
Product and market expansion (2000–2010)
After the 2000 acquisition, Renault renamed Samsung Motors as Renault Samsung Motors (RSM).[19] That year, the company's sales began to improve. Journalists attribute this to the success of the first car manufactured at Busan in taxi fleets (the SM5), which led to increased confidence of the model within the rest of their customer base.[12][20] During the following years, the company introduced a new vehicle range, including the SM3 in 2002, the SM7 in 2004 and the crossover QM5 in 2007. Over time, RSM changed its products from a Nissan-based architecture to a Renault-based one.[19] As part of the Renault group, Renault Samsung became an export-oriented manufacturer.[20]
In 2005, Renault increased its stake by acquiring an additional 10% share from the company's creditors.[21][22] On 26 June 2009, Renault and Samsung agreed to renew the right of the former to use the "Samsung" trade mark on its products until 2020.[23][24]
Decline in sales, electric vehicles and recovery attempts (2010–2022)
The pressure from both Hyundai and Kia, dominant automakers in the South Korean market, increased during the 2010s, pushing RSM sales down by 27% in 2011. In the first half of 2012, they fell 41%.[25] In August 2012, a personnel reduction of about 80% of employees was presented by management.[26] Finally, Renault reduced its Busan personnel by 15% (about 800 employees). With the aim of reviving the company, it invested (together with Nissan) US$160 million to make Nissan Rogues for export to improve production output[27] and also presented revised versions of the SM3 and SM5.[25][28] During 2013, the company started to market a new compact crossover, the QM3, based on the Captur.[29][30] By late 2015, its cumulative sales since 2000 in the South Korean market reached 1.5 million units.[31] In 2016, Renault Samsung introduced the SM6, a new mid-size model which is a Talisman with some minor changes for the South Korean market,[32] and the crossover QM6.[33] In 2018, the company introduced the Clio[34] and the Master.[35] By 2019, production and sales were again declining,[36] and the company announced an extension of its contract with Nissan for continuing the assembly of Nissan Rogues until March 2020, although in a reduced capacity to secure production volume.[36][37] RSM also announced plans to gain more production orders from parent Renault. Tensions with labour increased, as the company started an early retirement plan aimed at reducing the workforce.[36] During 2019, Renault Samsung discontinued most of its saloon models to focus on crossover SUVs. In June 2019, the company ended production of the SM5. At the end of the year, the internal combustion engined-SM3 and the SM7 were also put out of production, with sales ending by January 2020.[38] In March 2020, the company put on sale the XM3 crossover.[39]
In 2012, RSM introduced an electric version of its SM3 car known as the SM3 Z.E., imported from Turkey. In October 2013 the car started to be assembled at the Busan plant[40] and in the same year it became the leading electric vehicle by sales in South Korea with a 58% market share.[41] In 2016, RSM also announced its intention to market the Twizy[42] which was launched in 2017.[34] In 2020, the company started to sell the imported Zoe.[43] In May 2016, the company announced a project to develop and produce a 1-tonne electric light commercial vehicle with a 250-kilometre range on a single charge in partnership with local companies.[44]
(As of 2013), Chile was the only country outside South Korea that RSM has sold its cars under the Renault Samsung Motors marque and not as rebadged Renaults.[45] In 2015, Renault Samsung badging was replaced entirely by Renault in Chile,[46] with the vehicles themselves now being known under their global Renault names (e.g. the Renault Samsung SM5 is the Renault Latitude).
In August 2020, RSM said it did not intend to renew the agreement to use the "Samsung" trade mark set to end that month, although it would keep using the Samsung name for a further two years as part of a "grace" clause.[47] In March 2022, the company dropped the Samsung name, adopting the trade name Renault Korea Motors and starting the process of changing the legal name by August.[48][49]
Geely involvement (2022–present)
In January 2022, RSM's parent Renault and Geely signed an agreement by which the South Korean manufacturer would produce vehicles based on the latter Compact Modular Architecture platform,[50][51] initially intended for the domestic market. Production is set to start by 2024.[52] In May 2022, Renault said a Geely subsidiary was set to acquire a 34.02% of Renault Korea Motors through capital increase as part of their partnership, although the company would continue to be majority owned by Renault and a consolidated subsidiary of it.[53][54]
Facilities
Manufacturing
The car manufacturing plant is located at Busan in the Sinho Regional Industrial Site and began production in 1998.[55] It covers 1,650,000 m2[56] and has the capacity to manufacture 300,000 cars per year. It can produce various models simultaneously in a single production line.[57] The plant is divided into seven production shops (stamping, body, painting, bumper, assembly, al-casting and engine).[56]
Research and development
The Renault Samsung Technical Centre (Korean: 르노삼성 중앙연구소; RR: Reuno Samseong Jungang Yeonguso) located at Giheung near Seoul, is one of the largest research and development facilities of Renault after Guyancourt's Technocentre.[57] It was established in 1997 as the Samsung Motors Technical Centre,[58] being expanded in 2000 and adopting its current name.[58][59] At first it was only involved in car engineering, but at the end of 2002 the RSM Design Centre (Korean: 르노삼성자 디자인센터; RR: Reuno Samseongja Dijain Senteo) was created within the facility to locally design various cars manufactured by the company.[58][60] In early 2013 the design branch was renamed Renault Design Asia (Korean: 르노 디자인 아시아; RR: Reuno Dijain Asia) and was put in charge of supervising Renault's Asian design operations.[61]
In November 2018, the company opened a vehicle testing centre in Daegu for vehicles aimed at the Asia-Pacific market, in partnership with the city government and Korea Intelligent Automobile Parts Promotion. The facility can test electric, autonomous and connected vehicles.[62]
Administration
From 1995 until 2013, the company's head offices were at the HSBC Building in Jung-gu, Seoul.[63] In January 2013, it moved them to a purposely-built facility, the RSM Tower (Korean: RSM 타워; RR: RSM Tawo) in Gasan-dong,[63][64] Seoul. In December 2017, RSM moved most management functions to Yeoksam-dong, Seoul, although kept some offices and car maintenance activities at the RSM Tower.[64]
There are additional administrative offices in Busan.[57]
Branding
Logos
Renault Samsung Motors initially had two logos: the corporate logo and the marque logo.[65][66] The first was for corporate communications and an adaptation of the Samsung Group's logo.[65][66][67] The second is the "storm's eye" logo which was used as marque's badge and in advertising.[68] The imported models introduced from 2017 onwards in South Korea kept Renault's diamond badge instead of being rebadged with the Renault Samsung logo.[34]
In March 2022, the company introduced a flatter, two-dimensional version of the storm's eye as both marque and corporate logo.[69] The logo has lines similar to the 2021 Renault diamond logo.[70]
Slogan
The advertising slogan of Renault Samsung Motors is Discover the Difference (Korean: 디스커버 더 디퍼런스; RR: Diseukeobeo Deo Dipeoreonseu)[71][72] and was introduced in 2009. According to the company, it refers to the distinct quality of its products.[72]
Vehicle nomenclature
The company includes in its vehicles' designations numbers related to their sizes. Those numbers are 3, meaning compact or small vehicle, 5 and 6,[32] mid-size vehicle, and 7, large vehicle.[73][74] The designations also include the letters S and M, which stands for Samsung Motors[73] and Samsung Motor Sedan.[74][75] However, the sport utility vehicles replace the SM combination by QM (Quest Motoring).[74][76] The imported models introduced from 2017 onwards in South Korea kept their original names instead of adopting RSM's nomenclature.[34] In March 2020, the company introduced the XM nomenclature for a locally produced crossover SUV.[39]
Typography
In 2016, Sandoll Communications, Inc. built a Hangul version of Renault's Renault Life font family for the company. It consists of three fonts in three weights (light, regular, bold) and one width in Roman only. The font was designed by Park Ju-seong and Wi Ye-jin, under the direction of Lee Do-kyung.[77]
Solar energy project
In March 2013, Renault Samsung Motors completed the installation of solar panels in the parking lots, rooftops and surrounding land of its Busan facility to create a 20-MW solar plant, one of the largest in the world. The project was carried out through a joint venture, Busan Shinho Solar Power SPC (Korean: 부산신호태양광 특수목적법인; RR: Busan Sinho Taeyang-gwang Teugsumogjeogbeob-in), formed by RSM, Korea East-West Power and KC Cottrell, which also manages the plant. It provides energy to the RSM operations and nearby houses.[78][79]
Renault Samsung Motors is majority owned by Renault with an 80.1% share. Samsung Card has a 19.9% share of the company.[80]
Model lineup
(As of July 2022) the model lineup consists of the following vehicles:[81][82]
Renault Korea (formerly Renault Samsung)
- SM6 (large four-door car based on the Renault Talisman)[32]
- QM6 (the second crossover for the company, based on the second-generation Renault Koleos)
- XM3 (a crossover based on the Renault Arkana)
Renault (imports)
Notes
- ↑ Vehicles badged as Renault Samsung and Renault.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Thomsom, Neil; Baden-Fuller, Charles (2010). Basic Strategy in Context: European text and cases. John Wiley & Sons. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-4051-6108-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=JUEqfd91zCMC&q=SMI+Samsung+1994&pg=PA145. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ↑ Jhoo, Dong-chan (1 November 2017). "Renault Samsung appoints new CEO". The Korea Times. http://m.koreatimes.co.kr/phone/news/view.jsp?req_newsidx=238600.
- ↑ "Facts and figures 2020". Renault. p. 12. https://www.renaultgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/facts-figures-2020.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "르노삼성자동차 요약재무제표" (in ko). Catch. https://m.catch.co.kr/Comp/CompSummaryFS/147481.
- ↑ "2013 Registration Document". Renault. pp. 14, 23. http://www.renault.com/en/lists/archivesdocuments/registration-document-2013.pdf.
- ↑ Lee, Woonghee; Lee, Nam S. (2007). "Understanding Samsung's Diversification Strategy: The Case of Samsung Motors Inc.". Long Range Planning (Oxford: Elsevier) 40 (4–5): 496. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2007.06.011. ISSN 0024-6301. http://wwwme.nchu.edu.tw/~CIM/courses/Computer%20Integrated%20Manufacturing/x2008%20paper%20reading%202/11%20Understanding%20Samsungs%20Diversification%20Strategy%20The%20Case%20of%20Samsung%20Motors%20Inc.pdf.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wad, Peter (2002). "The political business of development in South Korea". in Gómez, Edmund Terence. Political Business in East Asia. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 0-415-27149-5. https://archive.org/details/politicalbusines0000unse/page/194.
- ↑ "Company News: Samsung Planning commercial vehicle venture". The New York Times. 13 June 1992. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/13/business/company-news-samsung-planning-commercial-vehicles-venture.html.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). article.joins.com. JoongAng Ilbo. 23 February 2002. http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=783368&ctg=11. - ↑ "History". Samsung. http://www.samsung.com/hk_en/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/history02.html.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Samsung Commercial Vehicle Applies for Bankruptcy". The Chosun Ilbo. 24 November 2000. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2000/11/24/2000112461075.html.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Renault Samsung: A French Recipe to Savor". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 6 October 2002. http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-10-06/renault-samsung-a-french-recipe-to-savor.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Michell, Anthony (2010). "Samsung Electronics and the Samsung Group". Samsung Electronics and the Struggle For Leadership of the Electronics Industry. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-470-82266-1.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "The short, troubled life of Samsung Motors?". wardsauto.com. Ward's. 1 January 1999. http://wardsauto.com/news-amp-analysis/short-troubled-life-samsung-motors.
- ↑ Tiberghien, Yves (2007). "The Transformation of the Automobile Industry". Entrepreneurial States: Reforming Corporate Governance in France, Japan, and Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-8014-4593-4. https://archive.org/details/entrepreneurials00tibe.
- ↑ "BUSINESS | Renault takes over Samsung". BBC News. 25 April 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/725235.stm.
- ↑ "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Dong-a Ilbo Magazine. http://www.donga.com/docs/magazine/new_donga/9908/nd99080020.html. - ↑ "Renault Samsung Motors cumple 10 años en Chile" (in es). terra.cl. Terra. 8 July 2008. http://www.terra.cl/deportes/index.cfm?accion=futbolnacional&id_reg=996520.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Renault Samsung Motors background". Renault. http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/marques-du-groupe/pages/historique-renault-samsung-motors.aspx.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ahn, Seok Hyeon (6 November 2013). "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). The Chosun Ilbo. http://car.biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/11/06/2013110603039.html. - ↑ "Renault compra 10% Samsung por 45 millones euros" (in es). hoy.com.do. Hoy. 29 December 2005. http://hoy.com.do/renault-compra-10-samsung-por-45-millones-euros/.
- ↑ "Renault Increases Stake in Samsung Motors to 80%". Greencarcongress.com. 29 December 2005. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/12/renault_increas.html.
- ↑ "Renault, Samsung, renew trademark deal". Just-auto.com. 26 June 2009. http://www.just-auto.com/news/renault-samsung-renew-trademark-deal_id100013.aspx.
- ↑ "PRESS DIGEST – South Korean newspapers – June 26". Reuters. 26 June 2009. http://es.reuters.com/article/idUKSEO31090820090625.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Job Cuts at Renault Samsung Motors Could Hit 80% of Staff". Industryweek.com. 10 August 2012. http://www.industryweek.com/workforce/job-cuts-renault-samsung-motors-could-hit-80-staff.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung : un plan de départ pour 80% des salariés". 11 August 2012. http://www.leblogauto.com/2012/08/renault-samsung-un-plan-de-depart-pour-80-des-salaries.html.
- ↑ Lee, Ji-yoon (26 September 2014). "Renault Samsung Motors starts Nissan Rogue shipments to U.S.". The Korea Herald. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140926000741.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung: About 800 employees opt to retire". marketswatch.com. MarketWatch. 9 September 2012. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/renault-samsung-about-800-employees-opt-to-retire-2012-09-09.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung's New Crossover Captur Named "GM3"". Korea Economic Daily. 18 February 2013. http://english.hankyung.com/news/apps/news.view?nkey=201302181158151&setct=print&popup=1.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung Motors to begin early QM3 sales". The Korea Herald. 14 November 2013. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131114000816.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung's cumulative sales in S. Korea top 1.5 mln units". english.yonhapnews.co.kr. Yonhap News. 16 November 2015. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2015/11/16/0200000000AEN20151116002400320.html.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Choi, Jin-seok (18 January 2016). "르노삼성 SM6 등장, SM5의 운명은?" (in ko). Korea Economic Daily. http://plus.hankyung.com/apps/newsinside.view?aid=201601189394A&category=AA006.
- ↑ Jhoo, Dong-chan (2 June 2016). "Green cars receive attention in Busan International Motor Show". The Korea Times. http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2016/06/129_206143.html.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Jhoo, Dong-chan (10 May 2018). "Renault Samsung to remove 'Samsung' from its brand name". The Korea Times. http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2018/05/129_248702.html.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Renault Samsung aims to win 10 pct of light commercial car market by 2020". Yonhap News Agency. 16 October 2018. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2018/10/16/0200000000AEN20181016006700320.html.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Kim, Jee-hee (27 August 2019). "Renault Samsung may have to cut workforce". joins.com. JoongAng Ilbo. http://mengnews.joins.com/view.aspx?aid=3067228.
- ↑ Jung, Min-hee (28 August 2019). "Renault Samsung to Produce Nissan Rogue until Next March". businesskorea.co.kr. Business Korea. http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=35429.
- ↑ "르노삼성 'SM 3·5·7' 단종…'XM3·캡처·QM6' SUV 라인업으로 빈자리 채운다" (in ko). ETnews.com. 9 January 2020. http://m.etnews.com/20200109000253?obj=Tzo4OiJzdGRDbGFzcyI6Mjp7czo3OiJyZWZlcmVyIjtOO3M6NzoiZm9yd2FyZCI7czoxMzoid2ViIHRvIG1vYmlsZSI7fQ%3D%3D.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Jo, He-rim (9 March 2020). "Renault Samsung launches XM3, 8,542 units presold". The Korea Herald. http://m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200309000642#cb.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung Starts Mass-production of Electric Vehicle SM3 Z.E.". Korea Economic Daily. 7 October 2013. http://english.hankyung.com/news/apps/news.view?c1=04&nkey=201310151249071.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung aims to raise EV market share to 60 pct in 2014". english.yonhapnews.co.kr. Yonhap News. 14 March 2014. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2014/03/14/0502000000AEN20140314004900320.html.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung to introduce Twizy ultra-small electric car in Korea". english.yonhapnews.co.kr. Yonhap News. 18 May 2016. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2016/05/18/9/0501000000AEN20160518009300320F.html.
- ↑ Kane, Mark (19 August 2020). "Renault introduces ZOE in South Korea". InsideEVs. https://insideevs.com/news/439808/renault-zoe-south-korea/.
- ↑ Jung, Min-hee (18 May 2016). "Renault Samsung to develop world's first electric light commercial vehicle". businesskorea.co.kr. Business Korea. http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/news/industry/14714-electric-commercial-vehicle-renault-samsung-develop-world%E2%80%99s-first-electric-light.
- ↑ "Renault Atlas March 2013". Renault. http://www.renault.com/en/Listsy/ArchivesDocuments/Renault%20-%20Atlas%20-%20en%20-%20march13.pdf.
- ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.renaultsamsung.cl/empresa/.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung to retain "Samsung" in corporate name for 2 more years". Pulse. 5 August 2020. https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2020&no=801646.
- ↑ Chea, Sarah (16 March 2022). "Renault Korea Motors loses 'Samsung' from its name". Korea JoongAng Daily. https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/03/16/business/industry/korea-Renault-samsung/20220316154656571.html.
- ↑ "Renault Korea Motors loses 'Samsung' from its name". Yonhap News Agency. 16 March 2022. https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220316003300320.
- ↑ "Renault Samsung to produce green cars developed by Renault Group and Geely". businesskorea.co.kr. http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=86712. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ↑ "Renault will use Geely's CMA platform for (some of) its future cars". topspeed.com. https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/renault-will-use-geely-s-cma-platform-for-some-of-its-future-cars-ar194421.html. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ↑ "Renault conclut son alliance avec Geely pour redresser ses ventes en Corée du Sud" (in French). L'Usine Nouvelle. 21 January 2022. https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/renault-conclut-son-alliance-avec-geely-pour-redresser-ses-ventes-en-coree-du-sud.N1776432.
- ↑ "Geely Automobile Holdings to acquire 34.02% of the shares of Renault Korea Motors" (Press release). Renault. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ↑ Leggett, David (10 May 2022). "Geely to acquire 34% of Renault Korea Motors". Just-auto.com. https://www.just-auto.com/dashboard/deals/geely-to-acquire-34-of-renault-korea-motors/.
- ↑ "Busan – RSM". Renault. http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/developpement-durable/fiches-sites/pages/busan.aspx.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Environmental Statement of Busan Plant". Renault. http://www.renault.com/fr/groupe/developpement-durable/fiches-sites/documents_without_moderation/busan%20-%20d%C3%A9claration%20environnementale%202008.pdf.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Bursa, Mark (20 September 2010). "Renault's really useful factory". Just-auto.com. http://www.just-auto.com/analysis/renaults-really-useful-factory_id105905.aspx.
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). The Chosun Ilbo. http://economyplus.chosun.com/special/special_view.php?boardName=C13&t_num=4299. - ↑ Jo, Young-sin (27 September 2007). "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). fnnews.com. The Financial News. http://www.fnnews.com/view?ra=Sent0601m_View&corp=fnnews&arcid=0921107436&cDateYear=2007&cDateMonth=09&cDateDay=27. - ↑ Diem, William (20 November 2002). "Renault Samsung New Design Studio's First Project: Small Car". wardsauto.com. Ward's. http://wardsauto.com/news-amp-analysis/renault-samsung-new-design-studio-s-first-project-small-car.
- ↑ Kim, Tae-jong (18 April 2013). "RSM to lead design projects in Asia". The Korea Times. http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2013/04/602_134169.html.
- ↑ "Renault opens vehicle test center in S. Korea". english.yonhapnews.co.kr. Yonhap News. 23 November 2018. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20181123005600320.
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Daily Sports. 23 January 2013. http://m.isplus.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?total_id=10492999. - ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Seoul Economy. 17 December 2017. https://www.sedaily.com/News/NewsView/NewsPrint?Nid=1OOW46MRS3. - ↑ 65.0 65.1 "CI" (in ko). Renault Samsung Motors. http://www.renaultsamsungm.com/company/enterprise/ci.jsp.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Error: no
|title=
specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). blog.naver.com. Naver. 4 March 2005. http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=beauty0623&logNo=80010741309. - ↑ Kim, Kwang-Suk (2008). "The State—Business Symbiosis in Korea's IT Project: A Final Flowering of the Development State". The Political Economy of Networked Mobility: The Historical Development of the Korean Information Infrastructure, 1995–2005. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-549-73977-7.
- ↑ "Error: no
|title=
specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Korea Economic Daily. 31 March 2008. http://auto.hankyung.com/board/view.php?id=hyundai&ch=auto&no=1225&page=1&sn=&ss=&sc=&old_no=1226&old_id=hyundai&skin=&keyword=&catery=&tag=&pagenum=&sel_order=&desc=desc&cmt_page=1&cmt_order=&cmt_desc=asc. - ↑ Kim, Kyung-min (16 March 2022). "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). MT. https://www.mk.co.kr/economy/view/2022/241087/. - ↑ "Renault Drops Samsung Moniker From Its Name In Korea". Carscoops. March 17, 2022. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/03/renault-drops-samsung-from-its-name-in-korea/. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
- ↑ Lewis, Tony (15 September 2010). "Renault plays to Samsung's strength". Just-auto.com. http://www.just-auto.com/news/renault-plays-to-samsungs-strength_id105856.aspx.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Kwon, Yeok-chang (24 November 2009). "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Hankook Ilbo. http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/economy/200911/h2009112410381451370.htm. - ↑ 73.0 73.1 Yun, Jeong-Sik (19 November 2009). "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). heraldk.com. Korea Herald Business. http://heraldk.com/mobile/news.php?mode=view&acid=17817. - ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Kim, Hye-won (10 August 2012). "[Brand story 한국GM & 르노삼성 & 쌍용"] (in ko). Theiauto.com. http://www.theiauto.com/viewpage.html?bid=column02&no=2212&operation=view&PHPSESSID=396d45ae6bbdaad6126560e0a339853d.
- ↑ Choi, Hye-lan (2005). "자동차 이름, 앗! 그런 뜻이". Patent 21 (Korea Institute of Patent Information) 64 (12): 48. http://www.kipi.or.kr/normalDownload.do?encryptCode=jh89mhfe7e78a8acothr8hgNV78OGV7wgv7o23b85vn. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "르노삼성 QM5 디젤 4WD LE A/T" (in ko). Megaauto.com. http://megaauto.com/newcar/carinfo_body.php3?carinfoid=45228&family_id=icomes&menu_id=472&val=&Nstep=2&beforeyear=on&carid=3857.
- ↑ "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Sandoll Communications. http://www.sandoll.co.kr/?viba_portfolio=르노삼성자동차. - ↑ Courtenay, Vince (12 July 2012). "Renault Samsung Plugs in to Large-Scale Solar Power". wardsauto.com. Ward's. http://wardsauto.com/plants-amp-production/renault-samsung-plugs-large-scale-solar-power.
- ↑ "르노삼성차 부산공장 태양광발전소 가동". fnnews.com. The Financial News. 18 March 2013. http://www.fnnews.com/view?ra=Sent1201m_View&corp=fnnews&arcid=201303150100139650007664&cDateYear=2013&cDateMonth=03&cDateDay=17.
- ↑ Lee, Jae-won (27 September 2012). "르노 부회장, "르노삼성 매각 없다"". The Chosun Ilbo. http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/09/27/2012092702491.html.
- ↑ "르노코리아자동차". Renault Korea. https://www.renaultkoream.com/.
- ↑ "Error: no
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specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Renault. https://www.renault.co.kr/.
External links
- Renault Korea Motors (in Korean)