Template:Terpenoids

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Types of terpenes and terpenoids (# of isoprene units)

Basic forms:

Acyclic (linear, cis and trans forms)
Monocyclic (single ring)
Bicyclic (2 rings)
Iridoids (cyclopentane ring)
Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar)
Steroids (4 rings)

Hemiterpenoids (1)

Monoterpene (C₁₀H₁₆)(2)

Acyclic	Ocimene Myrcenes
Monocyclic	Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Umbellulone
Bicyclic	Pinene (β and α) Camphene Thujene Sabinene Carene

Monoterpenoids (2,modified)

Acyclic	Linalool Citronellal Citral Citronellol Geraniol Geranyl pyrophosphate
Monocyclic	Grapefruit mercaptan menthol p-Cymene thymol Perillyl alcohol Carvacrol
Bicyclic	Camphor Borneol Eucalyptol Halomon Pinene Ascaridole

Sesquiterpenoids (3)

Diterpenoids (4)

Sesterterpenoids (5)

geranylfarnesol

Triterpenoids (6)

Steroids	Phytosterols Campesterol beta Sitosterol gamma sitosterol Stigmasterol Tocopherols Cholesterol Testosterone Cholecalciferol (Vit D) Ecdysones
Other	Saponins Squalane Lanosterol Acids Oleanolic acid Ursolic acid Betulinic acid Moronic acid

Sesquarterpenes/oids (7)

ferrugicadiol
tetraprenylcurcumene

Tetraterpenoids
(Carotenoids) (8)

Carotenes	Alpha-Carotene Beta-Carotene Gamma-Carotene Delta-Carotene Lycopene Neurosporene Phytofluene Phytoene
Xanthophylls:	Canthaxanthin Cryptoxanthin Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Lutein Rubixanthin

Polyterpenoids (many)

sap, resins, latex of many plants, e.g. rubber

Norisoprenoids (modified)

3-oxo-α-ionol
7,8-dihydroionone

Synthesis

Terpene synthase enzymes (many), having in common a Terpene synthase N terminal domain (protein domain)

Activated isoprene forms

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP)

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