Biography:David Julius

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Short description: American physiologist and Nobel laureate 2021
David Julius
Dr David Julius by christopher michel in 2022 04 (cropped2).jpg
Julius in 2022
Born (1955-11-04) November 4, 1955 (age 69)
New York City, U.S.
EducationMassachusetts Institute of Technology (BS)
University of California, Berkeley (MS, PhD)
Columbia University (post-doctoral training)
Spouse(s)Holly Ingraham
Awards
  • Nobel Prize for Medicine (2021)
  • Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2020)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysiology
Biochemistry
Neuroscience
InstitutionsUniversity of California, San Francisco
ThesisProtein processing and secretion in yeast: biosynthesis of α-factor mating pheromone (1984)
Doctoral advisorJeremy Thorner
Randy Schekman
Other academic advisorsRichard Axel[1]
Alexander Rich

David Jay Julius (born November 4, 1955) is an American physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate known for his work on molecular mechanisms of pain sensation and heat, including the characterization of the TRPV1 and TRPM8 receptors that detect capsaicin, menthol, and temperature. He is a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.

Julius won the 2010 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine and the 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences.[2][3] He was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Ardem Patapoutian.[4]

Early life and education

Julius was born to an Ashkenazi Jewish family (from Russia) in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, New York City,[5] where he attended Abraham Lincoln High School.[6] He earned his undergraduate degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. He attained his doctorate from University of California, Berkeley in 1984, under joint supervision of Jeremy Thorner and Randy Schekman, where he identified Kex2 as the founding member of furin-like proprotein convertases.[7] In 1989, he completed his post-doctoral training with Richard Axel at Columbia University where he cloned and characterized the serotonin 1c receptor.[8]

While at Berkeley and Columbia, Julius became interested in how psilocybin mushrooms and lysergic acid diethylamide work, which led him to look more broadly into how things from nature interact with human receptors.[6]

Research career

Nobel Prize work

He started his career as faculty at the University of California, San Francisco in 1989.[9][10] In 1997, Julius's lab cloned and characterized TRPV1 which is the receptor that detects capsaicin, the chemical in chili peppers that makes them "hot".[11] They found that TRPV1 also detects noxious heat (thermoception).[11][12] TRPV1 is part of a large family of structurally related TRP (transient receptor potential) cation channels. Animals that lack TRPV1 (using genetic knockouts of the protein) lose sensitivity to noxious heat and capsaicin.[13]

Julius's lab has also cloned and characterized TRPM8 (CMR1) and TRPA1, both members of the TRP superfamily. They demonstrated that TRPM8 detects menthol and cooler temperatures[14][15] and TRPA1 detects mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate).[16] These observations suggested that TRP channels detect a range of temperatures and chemicals. David Julius's lab has also made contributions to the study of nociception by discovering toxins that modulate these channels,[17] describing unique adaptations of the channels in diverse species[18] and solving the cryo-EM structures of numerous channels.[19][20]

Julius in 2022

From 2007–2020 Julius served as the editor of the peer-reviewed journal the Annual Review of Physiology.[21][22]

Awards

In 2000, Julius was awarded the inaugural Perl-UNC Neuroscience Prize for his work on cloning the capsaicin receptor. In 2010, he won the Shaw Prize for his work identifying the ion channels involved in various aspects of nociception. In 2014, he was honored by Johnson & Johnson with the Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research for discovering the molecular basis for pain and thermosensation. In 2017, he won the Gairdner Foundation International Award[23] and the HFSP Nakasone Award.[24] He has also been awarded the 2010 Prince of Asturias Prize for Technical and Scientific Research, the 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,[25] and the 2020 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (together with Ardem Patapoutian)[26] and the 2020 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award.[27]

In 2021, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.[28]

See also

  • List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

  1. ↑ "Julius Lab at UCSF Mission Bay | David Julius Lab". http://physio.ucsf.edu/julius/julius.html. Retrieved November 30, 2013. 
  2. ↑ "Julius Named to Receive the Shaw Prize". http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2010/05/5991/julius-named-receive-shaw-prize. 
  3. ↑ "David Julius, PhD 49th Faculty Research Lecture Award". http://senate.ucsf.edu/2005-2006/frl-2005-2006.html. 
  4. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/summary/. Retrieved October 4, 2021. 
  5. ↑ Hanau, Shira (October 4, 2021). "Scientist David Julius, whose grandparents fled antisemitism in Czarist Russia, wins Nobel Prize in medicine". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. https://www.jta.org/2021/10/04/united-states/scientist-david-julius-whose-grandparents-fled-antisemitism-in-czarist-russia-wins-nobel-prize-in-medicine. Retrieved October 4, 2021. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mueller, Benjamin; Santora, Marc; Engelbrecht, Cora (October 4, 2021). "Nobel Prize Awarded for Research About Temperature and Touch". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/04/health/nobel-prize-medicine-physiology-temperature-touch.html?smid=tw-share. 
  7. ↑ Julius, David Jay (1984). Protein Processing and Secretion in Yeast: Biosynthesis of Alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone (Ph.D. thesis). University of California, Berkeley. OCLC 21756165. ProQuest 303332941.
  8. ↑ Julius, D.; MacDermott, A. B.; Axel, R.; Jessell, T. M. (July 29, 1988). "Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the serotonin 1c receptor". Science 241 (4865): 558–564. doi:10.1126/science.3399891. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 3399891. Bibcode: 1988Sci...241..558J. 
  9. ↑ "David Julius '77 shares the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine" (in en). https://news.mit.edu/2021/david-julius-77-shares-nobel-prize-physiology-medicine-1004. 
  10. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021" (in en-US). https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/press-release/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Caterina, M. J.; Schumacher, M. A.; Tominaga, M.; Rosen, T. A.; Levine, J. D.; Julius, D. (October 23, 1997). "The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway". Nature 389 (6653): 816–824. doi:10.1038/39807. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9349813. Bibcode: 1997Natur.389..816C. 
  12. ↑ Tominaga, M.; Caterina, M. J.; Malmberg, A. B.; Rosen, T. A.; Gilbert, H.; Skinner, K.; Raumann, B. E.; Basbaum, A. I. et al. (September 1998). "The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli". Neuron 21 (3): 531–543. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80564-4. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 9768840. 
  13. ↑ Caterina, M. J.; Leffler, A.; Malmberg, A. B.; Martin, W. J.; Trafton, J.; Petersen-Zeitz, K. R.; Koltzenburg, M.; Basbaum, A. I. et al. (April 14, 2000). "Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor". Science 288 (5464): 306–313. doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.306. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10764638. Bibcode: 2000Sci...288..306C. 
  14. ↑ McKemy, David D.; Neuhausser, Werner M.; Julius, David (March 7, 2002). "Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation". Nature 416 (6876): 52–58. doi:10.1038/nature719. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11882888. Bibcode: 2002Natur.416...52M. 
  15. ↑ Bautista, Diana M.; Siemens, Jan; Glazer, Joshua M.; Tsuruda, Pamela R.; Basbaum, Allan I.; Stucky, Cheryl L.; Jordt, Sven-Eric; Julius, David (July 12, 2007). "The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold". Nature 448 (7150): 204–208. doi:10.1038/nature05910. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17538622. Bibcode: 2007Natur.448..204B. 
  16. ↑ Jordt, Sven-Eric; Bautista, Diana M.; Chuang, Huai-Hu; McKemy, David D.; Zygmunt, Peter M.; Högestätt, Edward D.; Meng, Ian D.; Julius, David (January 15, 2004). "Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1". Nature 427 (6971): 260–265. doi:10.1038/nature02282. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 14712238. Bibcode: 2004Natur.427..260J. 
  17. ↑ Bohlen, Christopher J.; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sharif-Naeini, Reza; Medzihradszky, Katalin F.; Zhou, Sharleen; King, David; Sánchez, Elda E.; Burlingame, Alma L. et al. (November 16, 2011). "A heteromeric Texas coral snake toxin targets acid-sensing ion channels to produce pain". Nature 479 (7373): 410–414. doi:10.1038/nature10607. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 22094702. Bibcode: 2011Natur.479..410B. 
  18. ↑ Gracheva, Elena O.; Ingolia, Nicholas T.; Kelly, Yvonne M.; Cordero-Morales, Julio F.; Hollopeter, Gunther; Chesler, Alexander T.; Sánchez, Elda E.; Perez, John C. et al. (April 15, 2010). "Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes". Nature 464 (7291): 1006–1011. doi:10.1038/nature08943. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20228791. Bibcode: 2010Natur.464.1006G. 
  19. ↑ Liao, Maofu; Cao, Erhu; Julius, David; Cheng, Yifan (December 5, 2013). "Structure of the TRPV1 ion channel determined by electron cryo-microscopy". Nature 504 (7478): 107–112. doi:10.1038/nature12822. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 24305160. Bibcode: 2013Natur.504..107L. 
  20. ↑ Cao, Erhu; Liao, Maofu; Cheng, Yifan; Julius, David (December 5, 2013). "TRPV1 structures in distinct conformations reveal activation mechanisms". Nature 504 (7478): 113–118. doi:10.1038/nature12823. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 24305161. Bibcode: 2013Natur.504..113C. 
  21. ↑ Julius, David (2007). "David Julius for the ARP Editorial Committee". Annual Review of Physiology 69. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.69.013107.100001. 
  22. ↑ "Editor of the Annual Review of Physiology - Volume 82, 2020". https://www.annualreviews.org/db/directory?2020,physiol. 
  23. ↑ "David Julius – Gairdner Foundation" (in en-US). Gairdner Foundation. https://gairdner.org/award_winners/david-julius/. 
  24. ↑ "The 2017 HFSP Nakasone Award goes to David Julius | Human Frontier Science Program" (in en). http://www.hfsp.org/awardees/hfsp-nakasone-award/2017-award. 
  25. ↑ "Breakthrough Prize – Winners Of The 2020 Breakthrough Prize In Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics And Mathematics Announced". https://breakthroughprize.org/News/54. Retrieved October 4, 2021. 
  26. ↑ "2020 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience". http://kavliprize.org/prizes-and-laureates/prizes/2020-kavli-prize-neuroscience. 
  27. ↑ "homepage". https://www.frontiersofknowledgeawards-fbbva.es/. Retrieved October 4, 2021. 
  28. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021" (in en-US). https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/summary/. 

External links



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