Biology:APOBEC3C
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DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3C gene.[1][2]
A3C belong to the A3 family of cytidine deaminases that act as restriction factors against diverse retroviruses. A3C was reported to inhibit simian immunodeficiency deficiency virus potently rather than HIV-1, in absence of viral infectivity factor, Vif.[3] Enhancing A3C's catalytic activity had only a marginal effect on HIV-1 replication (in absence of Vif), the counteractive viral mechanism is unclear.[4] A3C was also shown to inhibit other viruses.[5][6][7][8][9]
Function
This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. Conversely, A3 proteins enzymatically convert cytidine to uridine present in the single stranded DNA.[10][11][12][13][14] Two residues in loop 1 of A3C were demonstrated to determine its antiviral activity against HIV-1.[15]
Structure
The crystal structure of A3C suggests a putative HIV-1 vif binding region.[16][17] A3C was found to inhibit LINE-1 elements by directly interacting with ORF1p proteins, in a deaminase-independent manner.[18]
References
- ↑ "An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22". Genomics 79 (3): 285–96. March 2002. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6718. PMID 11863358.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: APOBEC3C apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=27350.
- ↑ "APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (51): 53379–86. December 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408802200. PMID 15466872.
- ↑ "Enhancing the Catalytic Deamination Activity of APOBEC3C Is Insufficient to Inhibit Vif-Deficient HIV-1". Journal of Molecular Biology 429 (8): 1171–1191. April 2017. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.015. PMID 28315663.
- ↑ "Hepatitis B virus DNA is subject to extensive editing by the human deaminase APOBEC3C". Hepatology 46 (3): 682–9. September 2007. doi:10.1002/hep.21733. PMID 17625792.
- ↑ "Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo". Journal of Virology 85 (15): 7594–602. August 2011. doi:10.1128/JVI.00290-11. PMID 21632763.
- ↑ "Hypermutation of hepatitis B virus genomes by APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H". The Journal of General Virology 89 (Pt 5): 1184–91. May 2008. doi:10.1099/vir.0.83507-0. PMID 18420796.
- ↑ "Core-APOBEC3C chimerical protein inhibits hepatitis B virus replication". Journal of Biochemistry 150 (4): 371–4. October 2011. doi:10.1093/jb/mvr086. PMID 21746770.
- ↑ "APOBEC3A and 3C decrease human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirion infectivity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 457 (3): 295–9. February 2015. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.103. PMID 25576866. https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=37760&item_no=1&attribute_id=31&file_no=1.
- ↑ "Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 11 (5): 435–42. May 2004. doi:10.1038/nsmb758. PMID 15098018.
- ↑ "RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 and some of its homologs can act as DNA mutators". Molecular Cell 10 (5): 1247–53. November 2002. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00742-6. PMID 12453430.
- ↑ "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody diversification but also a mechanism for defense against retroviruses". Nature Immunology 4 (7): 641–3. July 2003. doi:10.1038/ni0703-641. PMID 12830140.
- ↑ "DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection". Cell 113 (6): 803–9. June 2003. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00423-9. PMID 12809610.
- ↑ "APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (51): 53379–86. December 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408802200. PMID 15466872.
- ↑ Ayyappan Jaguva Vasudevan, Ananda; Balakrishnan, Kannan; G. W. Gertzen, Christoph; Borvető, Fanni; Zhang, Zeli; Sangwiman, Anucha; Held, Ulrike; Küstermann, Caroline et al. (October 2020). "Loop 1 of APOBEC3C regulates its antiviral activity against HIV-1" (in en). Journal of Molecular Biology 432 (23): 6200–6227. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.014. PMID 33068636. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022283620305891.
- ↑ "The APOBEC3C crystal structure and the interface for HIV-1 Vif binding". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 19 (10): 1005–10. October 2012. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2378. PMID 23001005.
- ↑ "Vif Proteins from Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lineages Have Distinct Binding Sites in A3C". Journal of Virology 90 (22): 10193–10208. November 2016. doi:10.1128/JVI.01497-16. PMID 27581978.
- ↑ "Human LINE-1 restriction by APOBEC3C is deaminase independent and mediated by an ORF1p interaction that affects LINE reverse transcriptase activity". Nucleic Acids Research 42 (1): 396–416. January 2014. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt898. PMID 24101588.
Further reading
- "Messenger RNA editing in mammals: new members of the APOBEC family seeking roles in the family business". Trends in Genetics 19 (4): 207–16. April 2003. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00054-4. PMID 12683974.
- "Role and mechanism of action of the APOBEC3 family of antiretroviral resistance factors". Journal of Virology 80 (3): 1067–76. February 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1067-1076.2006. PMID 16414984.
- "Structural features of antiviral DNA cytidine deaminases". Biological Chemistry 394 (11): 1357–70. November 2013. doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0165. PMID 23787464. http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/139785/files/FZJ-2013-05757.pdf.
- "Human APOBEC3 proteins, retrovirus restriction, and HIV drug resistance". AIDS Reviews 8 (3): 148–57. 2006. PMID 17078485.
- "Psoriasis upregulated phorbolin-1 shares structural but not functional similarity to the mRNA-editing protein apobec-1". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 113 (2): 162–9. August 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00682.x. PMID 10469298.
- "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. December 1999. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208. Bibcode: 1999Natur.402..489D.
- "Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif". Cell 114 (1): 21–31. July 2003. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00515-4. PMID 12859895.
- "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biology 5 (10): R84. 2005. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMID 15461802.
- "APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (51): 53379–86. December 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408802200. PMID 15466872.
- "Mutational comparison of the single-domained APOBEC3C and double-domained APOBEC3F/G anti-retroviral cytidine deaminases provides insight into their DNA target site specificities". Nucleic Acids Research 33 (6): 1913–23. 2005. doi:10.1093/nar/gki343. PMID 15809227.
- "Yeast two-hybrid identification of prostatic proteins interacting with human sex hormone-binding globulin". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 94 (1–3): 203–8. February 2005. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.01.007. PMID 15862967.
- "Differential sensitivity of murine leukemia virus to APOBEC3-mediated inhibition is governed by virion exclusion". Journal of Virology 79 (13): 8201–7. July 2005. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8201-8207.2005. PMID 15956565.
- "Regulated production and anti-HIV type 1 activities of cytidine deaminases APOBEC3B, 3F, and 3G". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 21 (7): 611–9. July 2005. doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.611. PMID 16060832.
- "APOBEC3 proteins inhibit human LINE-1 retrotransposition". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (31): 22161–72. August 2006. doi:10.1074/jbc.M601716200. PMID 16735504.
- "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology 3 (1): 89. 2007. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMID 17353931.
- "All APOBEC3 family proteins differentially inhibit LINE-1 retrotransposition". Nucleic Acids Research 35 (9): 2955–64. 2007. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm181. PMID 17439959.
External links
- Human APOBEC3C genome location and APOBEC3C gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9NRW3 ( DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C) at the PDBe-KB.
![]() | Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC3C.
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