Biology:Hymenopterida

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Short description: Order of insects

Hymenopterida
Temporal range: Triassic–present
Thymelicus.sylvestris.1.jpg
Male small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Eumetabola
(unranked): Holometabola
Superorder: Hymenopterida
Orders

Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).[1] However, more recent studies find Hympenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.[2]

Evolution

The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera and the orders that comprise Panorpida.[3][4]

Endopterygota
Neuropteroidea
 

Coleopterida

 
 

Neuropterida

 
 
Hymenopterida
 

Hymenoptera

 
Panorpida
Antliophora
 

Diptera (true flies) Common house fly, Musca domestica.jpg

 
 
 

Mecoptera (scorpionflies, hangingflies)

 
 

Siphonaptera (fleas) Pulex irritans female ZSM.jpg

 
 
 
Amphiesmenoptera
 

Trichoptera (caddisflies) Sericostoma.personatum.jpg

 
 

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Tyria jacobaeae-lo.jpg

 
 
(Mecopterida)
 
(Holometabola)

More recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola, with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.[5]

Holometabola
 

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps) European wasp white bg.jpg

 
Aparaglossata
Neuropteroidea
Neuropterida
 

Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Raphidia icon.png

 
 
 

Megaloptera (alderflies and allies) Corydalus cornutus illustration (rotated).png

 
 

Neuroptera (Lacewings and allies) Osmylus (white background).jpg

 
 
 
Coleopterida
 

Coleoptera (beetles) Pseudacrossus przewalskyi (Reitter, 1887).jpg

 
 

Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites) Elenchus koebelei.jpg

 
 
 
Panorpida
Amphiesmenoptera
 

Trichoptera (caddisflies) RHYACOPHILA DORSALIS Male Pont Forge de Sailly Watigny 02 MHNT.jpg

 
 

Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Arctia villica SLU.JPG

 
 
Antliophora
 

Diptera Common house fly, Musca domestica.jpg

 
 
 

Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Scorpionfly (white background).jpg

 
 

Siphonaptera (fleas) Pulex irritans female ZSM (white background).jpg

 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Weaver J.S.I. The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
  2. ↑ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 147. https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Evolution_of_the_Insects/Ql6Jl6wKb88C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover. 
  3. ↑ Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian. "Endopterygota Insects with complete metamorphosis". http://tolweb.org/Endopterygota/8243. 
  4. ↑ Whiting, Michael F. (2005). "Phylogenetic Position of Diptera: Review of the Evidence". The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. Columbia University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-231-50170-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=rElP5sNn6IYC&pg=PA5. 
  5. ↑ Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita; Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMID 27558853. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q21215825 entry



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