Engineering:Apple A12X

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Short description: System on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc.
Apple A12X Bionic
Apple A12Z Bionic
Apple A12X.jpg
General Info
LaunchedA12X: October 30, 2018 A12Z: March 18, 2020
DiscontinuedA12X: March 18, 2020 A12Z: April 20, 2021
Designed byApple Inc.
Common manufacturer(s)
Product codeAPL1083[2]
Max. CPU clock rateto 2.49[3] GHz
Cache
L1 cache128 KB instruction, 128 KB data
L2 cache8 MB
Architecture and classification
ApplicationMobile
Min. feature size7 nm[4]
MicroarchitectureVortex and Tempest
Instruction setA64 – ARMv8.3-A
Physical specifications
Cores
GPU(s)Apple-designed integrated graphics

A12X: 7 core GPU

A12Z: 8 core GPU
Products, models, variants
Variant(s)Apple A12
History
PredecessorApple A10X
SuccessorApple M1
A12Z Bionic

The Apple A12X Bionic is a 64-bit system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc. It first appeared in the iPad Pro (3rd generation), announced on October 30, 2018.[4] The A12X is an 8-core variant of the A12 (four big cores, four small cores) and Apple states that it has 35 percent faster single-core CPU performance and 90 percent faster overall CPU performance than its predecessor, the Apple A10X.[4] The Apple A12Z Bionic is an updated version of the A12X, adding an additional GPU core, and was unveiled on March 18, 2020 as part of the iPad Pro (4th generation).[5][6]

Design

The A12X and A12Z feature an Apple-designed 64-bit ARMv8.3-A octa-core CPU, with four high-performance cores called Vortex and four energy-efficient cores called Tempest.[4][1] The Vortex cores are a 7-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design, while the Tempest cores are a 3-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design. The Tempest cores are based on Apple's Swift cores from the Apple A6, and are similar in performance to ARM Cortex-A73 CPU cores.[7][8] It is Apple's first SoC with an octa core CPU.[1]

The A12X integrates an Apple-designed 7-core graphics processing unit (GPU), with twice the graphics performance of the A10X.[4] The A12Z has an 8-core GPU, one more core than the A12X, enabling better performance in 4K video editing, rendering, and augmented reality.[9][10] Embedded in the A12X and A12Z is the M12 motion coprocessor.[11] The A12Z additionally features tuned performance controllers and a better thermal architecture compared to the A12X, which potentially allows for higher clock speeds.[12] The A12X and A12Z include dedicated neural network hardware that Apple calls a "next-generation Neural Engine".[4] This neural network hardware, which is the same as found in the A12,[1] can perform up to 5 trillion operations per second.[4]

The A12X and A12Z are manufactured by TSMC using a 7 nm FinFET process, and it contains 10 billion transistors[1][4] vs. the 6.9 billion on the A12.[13] The A12X is paired with 4 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the third-generation 12.9" iPad Pro and the first-generation 11" iPad Pro, or 6 GB in the 1 TB storage configurations.[14][2] The A12Z is paired with 6 GB of LPDDR4X RAM in the fourth-generation 12.9" iPad Pro and the second-generation 11" iPad Pro.[15]

The support of codecs by decoding and encoding is extended to HEVC H.264, H.265 (8/10bit), VP8, VP9 and JPEG. AVC and VC-1 are available for decoding. AV1 is not supported by hardware.[16]

Developer Transition Kit (2020)

At its 2020 Worldwide Developer's Conference, Apple introduced the Developer Transition Kit (2020), which uses the A12Z processor with 16 GB RAM in a Mac mini enclosure, hence being the first Macintosh computer to use the Apple silicon architecture.[17]

The A12Z would be used as the basis for the design of the M1, Apple's first in-house processor designed for use in Mac computers. In an interview shortly after the introduction of the DTK (2020), Apple’s SVP of Software Engineering Craig Federighi commented:

“Even that DTK hardware, which is running on an existing iPad chip that we don’t intend to put in a Mac in the future – it’s just there for the transition – the Mac runs awfully nice on that system. It’s not a basis on which to judge future Macs ... but it gives you a sense of what our silicon team can do when they’re not even trying – and they’re going to be trying.”[18]

Products that include the Apple A12X and A12Z Bionic

A12X Bionic

A12Z Bionic

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Frumusanu, Andrei (October 30, 2018). "Apple Announces New 11" and 12.9" iPad Pros with A12X SoC". AnandTech. https://www.anandtech.com/show/13529/apple-announces-new-ipad. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "iPad Pro 11" Teardown". iFixit. November 12, 2018. https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPad+Pro+11-Inch+Teardown/115457. 
  3. ↑ "iPad8,8 – Geekbench Browser". https://browser.geekbench.com/v4/cpu/10787558. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "New iPad Pro with all-screen design is most advanced, powerful iPad ever" (Press release). Apple Inc. October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Looking at the Apple A12Z Bionic System on Chip | TechInsights". https://www.techinsights.com/blog/looking-apple-a12z-bionic-system-chip. 
  6. ↑ Miller, Chance (March 18, 2020). "Apple unveils new iPad Pro with backlit Magic Keyboard case, available to order today". https://9to5mac.com/2020/03/18/apple-unveils-new-ipad-pro-with-magic-keyboard-case-available-to-order-today/. 
  7. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "The iPhone XS & XS Max Review: Unveiling the Silicon Secrets". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13392/the-iphone-xs-xs-max-review-unveiling-the-silicon-secrets. 
  8. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Apple iPhone XS Review Addendum: Small Core and NN Performance". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13453/apple-iphone-xs-review-addendum-small-core-and-nn-performance. 
  9. ↑ Miller, Chance (March 26, 2020). "Report claims new iPad Pro's A12Z Bionic chip is just a 'renamed A12X with an enabled GPU core'" (in en-US). https://9to5mac.com/2020/03/26/2020-ipad-pro-processor-upgrade/. 
  10. ↑ Clover, Juli (April 13, 2020). "A12Z Chip in iPad Pro Confirmed to Be Same As A12X, But With Extra GPU Core Enabled" (in en). https://www.macrumors.com/2020/04/13/a12z-gpu-identical-to-a12x/. 
  11. ↑ "iPad Pro Technical Specifications". Apple Inc.. October 30, 2018. https://www.apple.com/ipad-pro/specs/. 
  12. ↑ Shilov, Anton. "Apple Unveils New iPad Pro: A12Z Bionic, Camera w/ Depth Sensor for AR, Keyboard w/ Trackpad". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15634/apple-unveils-new-ipad-pro-a12z-bionic-camera-w-depth-sensor-for-ar-keyboard-w-trackpad. 
  13. ↑ Summers, Nick (September 12, 2018). "Apple's A12 Bionic is the first 7-nanometer smartphone chip". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2018/09/12/apple-a12-bionic-7-nanometer-chip/. 
  14. ↑ Axon, Samuel (November 7, 2018). "2018 iPad Pro review: "What's a computer?"". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/11/2018-ipad-pro-review-whats-a-computer/. 
  15. ↑ Espósito, Felipe (March 18, 2020). "All 2020 iPad Pro models feature 6 GB of RAM, same U1 chip as iPhone 11". https://9to5mac.com/2020/03/18/all-2020-ipad-pro-models-feature-6gb-of-ram-same-u1-chip-as-iphone-11/. 
  16. ↑ "Apple A12". https://www.cpu-monkey.com/en/igpu-apple_a12-155. 
  17. ↑ "Apple announces Mac transition to Apple silicon" (in en-US). https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/06/apple-announces-mac-transition-to-apple-silicon/. 
  18. ↑ Gruber, John (24 June 2020). "The Talk Show Remote from WWDC 2020, With Craig Federighi and Greg Joswiak". Daring Fireball. http://www.daringfireball.net/2020/06/the_talk_show_wwdc_2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020. 




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