Astronomy:1ES 0414+009

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1ES 0414+009
The BL Lacertae object 1ES 0414+009.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationTaurus
Right ascension 04h 16m 52.49s[1]
Declination+01° 05′ 23.89″[1]
Redshift0.287000[1]
Helio radial velocity86,040 km/s[1]
Distance3.400 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.38
Apparent magnitude (B)16.86
Characteristics
TypeBLLAC[1]
Other designations
2MASS J04165249+0105239, 1AXG J041652+0105, 2E 0414+0057, RBS 0530, RX J0416.8+0105, UVQS J041652.49+010523.9, PMN J0416+0105, NVSS J041652+010526[1]

1ES 0414+009 known as H 0414+009, is a BL Lacertae object with an active galactic nucleus[2] located in the constellation of Taurus. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.287[1] and it was first discovered by M.P. Ulmer and other astronomers who described its radio spectrum as mainly flat with its optical spectrum categorized as featureless.[3]

Description

1ES 0414+009 is located in the center of a moderately rich galaxy cluster.[4] The host galaxy is a giant luminous elliptical galaxy of either a cD or BCG type.[5][6] The total host magnitude of the galaxy is estimated as between 17.45 and 17.80[7] and its luminosity profile is best fitted with an elliptical model with a total estimated radius of 29 kiloparsecs.[8] The central supermassive black hole mass of the galaxy is 2 x 109 Mʘ.[9][10]

Very high energy gamma ray (VHE) emission was detected from the galaxy in 2009. The average flux is estimated to be above the energy units of 1 GeV, reaching 0.67 ± 0.21 x 10-9 photons cm-2 s-1 with a measured hard spectrum index of 1.78 ± 0.23.[11] This places it under the classification of high frequency-peaked BL Lac objects or a blazar.[12][13]

The radio structure of the galaxy is compact. When observed, it is found to contain a radio core that is unresolved, with a flux density of 75 ± 2 Jy and a radio tail that is extending outwards from it by 40 arcseconds.[14] There is also an extended radio jet towards the east-northeast from the core region with traces of weak radio emission in the southeast direction. This heavily suggests the jet has a bend angle to the south upon reaching 10 parsecs from the core.[15] Further imaging has found there are inner jet components present with their position angle varying from 56° to 90°, while the outer jet components are between 88° and 124°.[16]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "NED Search results for 1ES 0414+009". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=1ES+0414+009&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ Aliu, E.; Archambault, S.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Böttcher, M.; Bouvier, A. et al. (2012-08-02). "Multiwavelength Observations of the AGN 1ES 0414+009 With Veritas, Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, and MDM". The Astrophysical Journal 755 (2): 118. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/755/2/118. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...755..118A. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/118. 
  3. ↑ Ulmer, M. P.; Brown, R. L.; Schwartz, D. A.; Patterson, J.; Cruddace, R. G. (July 1983). "The discovery of an X-ray bright BL Lacertae object - 0414 + 009" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 270: L1. doi:10.1086/184058. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1983ApJ...270L...1U. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1983ApJ...270L...1U. 
  4. ↑ Falomo, R.; Pesce, Joseph E.; Treves, A. (June 1993). "The environment of H 0414+009 - A BL Lac object associated with a cluster of galaxies" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 105: 2031. doi:10.1086/116580. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1993AJ....105.2031F. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993AJ....105.2031F. 
  5. ↑ J., Heidt; K., Nilsson; I., Appenzeller; K., Jäger; W., Seifert; T., Szeifert; W., Gässler; R., Häfner et al. (December 1999). "Observations of the host galaxies of the BL Lacertae objects H 0414+009 and OJ 287 with FORS1 at VLT-UT1" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 352. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1999A&A...352L..11H. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1999A%26A...352L..11H. 
  6. ↑ Wurtz, Ronald; Ellingson, Erica; Stocke, John T.; Yee, H. K. C. (September 1993). "Clustering environments of BL Lac objects" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 106: 869. doi:10.1086/116690. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1993AJ....106..869W. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993AJ....106..869W. 
  7. ↑ Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A.; Brinkmann, W. (2003-03-01). "R-band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 400 (1): 95–118. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021861. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2003A&A...400...95N. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2003/10/aah3941.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Falomo, R. (1996-10-21). "Host galaxy and close environment of BL Lacertae objects". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 283 (1): 241–250. doi:10.1093/mnras/283.1.241. ISSN 0035-8711. https://watermark02.silverchair.com/283-1-241.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1cwggNTBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNEMIIDQAIBADCCAzkGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMUnKDVBpzknB5EWu-AgEQgIIDCpluIcCudVuBXnrH_134GlZ1IxaphSPoYMmr7RzZ4rnFr6YNAYZP3HsAwi75pnRv315oBQGBodPeqDgCTWWcywJg3wjvKJ7UUAZXfVxrVl_yLBbP-4VcT3br-kRfAijhJFMl7aidDPZZ8X8A_qAsYFpJOiEaRWFxKZ8ZNDuwa3vYHRkdAkdRVLToQpB39xcSKoPIDn3d9o9I9GI4SzSmpQ6qy00tNh_dm_bwPXkqohtEDIiaEfBCGCPDWpVQNX39CGUNK1SUzkEKS1dGTI9FwOhg9GLDb3L7UYUQ0qM3hDYLomVzlPML0OEr4sQfAeFLpvT2BNFIvtU-rFPQG2tHmTAROnur-eszBxQz4p86LWAiAYHHGLYVc_TZeAukOTwtwUZlKg1dFuNzK34WrmRrFWhG-5p4cW3lzj1DrNQ70BbXi8Cpz6nNKlQVNzFVl_hSoROXM8JHAEgb2zx8R-Xg-C6Y4D-UiWmB4zrxGU4EfUB4rzgjRJ3mwxrxiqof9fZ-oYF_G-UHvsmVFdMzqliFHWROgYAia0J5vyPNNRsl2JkbxaBhCUae9QSr-BeAEcwjN7kd5OFJ3Q90JkalbLfi4r-PNzVwtklsRImU57hGD-02HsImwh-AlSa9pfHv0HnOctyGpPV2lSTUMGrGNJM3iJt7WC5NnzMuUlht9LRUP8z9XuSoTcOFHAXAIpQPIi8j_BYb8pbxM_kG-O7n_vmSzHTRQH0KboS4pQFvIvy9-T58NrciXjlP8Je1EMgWx3TlPGfzQHkPa2bakIgGq5J40bhOt8ts4utt09yYmaOO-RuNb3sH9KWdD0bkZRf2QLO-6HWe8Ac-J4NGrRMEMebe07Oer84VqnpISNU5T1QbnFVWWcWT5PV9JxBiaiyO_pUXuHZ_Ap-H2p_X0QPTsm9B0pShcqkVVXyjk1w1W_ceY67KfA246MZ0FtnZmPvWgMpZWWyGSJeaNXwRJ4zCHDY_cu7hv9ykY1cjlriTHacyYo6zqiGTTUxQk2ApMOEu6N8sLogtK9Y3Y08QKXI. 
  9. ↑ Volpe, F.; Ohm, S.; Hauser, M.; Kaufmann, S.; Gérard, L.; Costamante, L.; Fegan, S.; Ajello, M. (2011-05-25), Discovery of VHE and HE emission from the blazar 1ES 0414+009 with H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT 
  10. ↑ Das, Saikat; Gupta, Nayantara; Razzaque, Soebur (2020-02-01). "Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions as the Origin of Very High-energy γ-Rays from BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal 889 (2): 149. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6131. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...889..149D. 
  11. ↑ "ATel #2293: H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT discovery of VHE and HE emission from blazar 1ES 0414+009". https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=2293. 
  12. ↑ Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Anton, G.; Balzer, A.; Barnacka, A.; Almeida, U. Barres de et al. (2012-02-01). "Discovery of hard-spectrum γ-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object 1ES 0414+009" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 538: A103. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118406. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2012A&A...538A.103H. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2012/02/aa18406-11/aa18406-11.html. 
  13. ↑ Devanand, P. U.; Gupta, Alok C.; Jithesh, V.; Wiita, Paul J.; Gupta, Archana (2025-04-30). "X-Ray Spectral Variability of 13 TeV High-energy-peaked Blazars with XMM-Newton". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 278 (1): 20. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/adc10d. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2025ApJS..278...20D. 
  14. ↑ McHardy, I. M.; Luppino, G. A.; George, I. M.; Abraham, R. G.; Cooke, B. A. (1992-06-15). "H0414 + 009 - an X-ray bright BL Lac with a radio tail in a distant cluster of galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 256 (4): 655–668. doi:10.1093/mnras/256.4.655. ISSN 0035-8711. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1992MNRAS.256..655M. 
  15. ↑ Rector, Travis A.; Gabuzda, Denise C.; Stocke, John T. (March 2003). "The Radio Structure of High-Energy–Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". The Astronomical Journal 125 (3): 1060–1072. doi:10.1086/367802. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2003AJ....125.1060R. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/367802/pdf. 
  16. ↑ Wu, Zhongzu; Jiang, D. R.; Gu, Minfeng (2012-07-27). "The radio structure of ultra-high-energy synchrotron-peak BL Lacs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 424 (4): 2733–2745. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21366.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.424.2733W. 



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