Astronomy:29 Amphitrite

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Short description: Main-belt asteroid
29 Amphitrite Amphitrite symbol (bold).svg (historical)
Potw1749a Amphitrite crop.png
VLT image of Amphitrite
Discovery [1]
Discovered byA. Marth
Discovery siteLondon
Discovery date1 March 1854
Designations
(29) Amphitrite
Pronunciation/æmfɪˈtraɪtiː/[6]
Named afterAmphitrite [2]
(Greek mythology)
A899 NG
Minor planet categorymain-belt [1][3] · (middle)
background [4][5]
AdjectivesAmphitritean /ˌæmfɪtrɪˈtiːən/, /ˌæmfɪˈtraɪtiən/
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc162.83 yr (59,472 d)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.7400 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.3712 AU
2.5556 AU
Eccentricity0.0722
Orbital period4.09 yr (1,492 d)
Mean anomaly187.97°
Mean motion0° 14m 28.68s / day
Inclination6.0823°
Longitude of ascending node356.37°
63.036°
Physical characteristics
Dimensionsc/a = 0.82±0.03[7]
233 km × 212 km × 193 km[8]
Mean diameter204±2 km[7]
189.6±1.1 km[9]
196±22 km[10]
206.86 km[11]
212.22±6.8 km[12]
227.1±4.0 km[13]
Mass(12.7±2.0)×1018 kg[7]
(11.8±?)×1018 kg[8]
Mean density2.86±0.45 g/cm3[7]
2.36±0.26 g/cm3[8]
Rotation period5.3921 h[14][5]
Geometric albedo0.194[7]
0.157±0.035[13]
0.1793±0.012[12]
0.195[11]
0.216±0.043[9]
S [5]
Absolute magnitude (H)5.85[1][3]
6.0[4]


Amphitrite (minor planet designation: 29 Amphitrite) is one of the largest S-type asteroids, approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles) in diameter, and probably fifth largest after Eunomia, Juno, Iris and Herculina.

Discovery

Amphitrite was discovered by Albert Marth on 1 March 1854, at the private South Villa Observatory, in Regent's Park, London. It was Marth's only asteroid discovery. Its name was chosen by George Bishop, the owner of the observatory, who named it after Amphitrite, a sea goddess in Greek mythology.[2] Its historical symbol was a shell and star; it is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CECF 𜻏 (Amphitrite symbol (fixed width).svg).[15][16]

Characteristics

Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Amphitrite

Amphitrite's orbit is less eccentric and inclined than those of its larger cousins; indeed, it is the most circular of any asteroid discovered up to that point. As a consequence, it never becomes as bright as Iris or Hebe, especially as it is much further from the Sun than those asteroids. It can reach magnitudes of around +8.6 at a favorable opposition, but usually is around the binocular limit of +9.5.

In 2007, James Baer and Steven R. Chesley estimated Amphitrite to have a mass of 1.9×1019 kg.[17] A more recent estimate by Baer suggests it has a mass of 1.18×1019 kg.[8]

A satellite of the asteroid is suspected to exist, based on lightcurve data collected by Edward F. Tedesco.[18][19] In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but neither were found.[20]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "29 Amphitrite". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=29. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(29) Amphitrite". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (29) Amphitrite. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 18. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_30. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 29 Amphitrite". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000029. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Asteroid (29) Amphitrite". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=29&pc=1.1.6. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Asteroid 29 Amphitrite". Small Bodies Data Ferret. https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=29+Amphitrite. 
  6. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. 
  10. ↑ Hanus, J.; Marchis, F.; Durech, J. (September 2013). "Sizes of main-belt asteroids by combining shape models and Keck adaptive optics observations". Icarus 226 (1): 1045–1057. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.023. Bibcode: 2013Icar..226.1045H. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M.  (catalog)
  14. ↑ "LCDB Data for (29) Amphitrite". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=29%7CAmphitrite. 
  15. ↑ Bala, Gavin Jared; Miller, Kirk (18 September 2023). "Unicode request for historical asteroid symbols". Unicode. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23207-historical-asteroids.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Unicode. "Proposed New Characters: The Pipeline". The Unicode Consortium. https://unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html. 
  17. ↑ Baer, James; Steven R. Chesley (2008). "Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 100 (2008): 27–42. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8. Bibcode: 2008CeMDA.100...27B. 
  18. ↑ Tedesco, E. F. (March 1979). "Binary Asteroids: Evidence for Their Existence from Lightcurves". Science. New Series 203 (4383): 905–907. doi:10.1126/science.203.4383.905. PMID 17771729. Bibcode: 1979Sci...203..905T. 
  19. ↑ van Flandern, T. C.; Tedesco, E. F.; Binzel, R. P. (1979). "Satellites of asteroids". Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 443–465. Bibcode: 1979aste.book..443V. 
  20. ↑ Gradie, J.; Flynn, L. (March 1988), "A Search for Satellites and Dust Belts Around Asteroids: Negative Results", Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 19: pp. 405–406, Bibcode: 1988LPI....19..405G 

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