Astronomy:AFGL 2298
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Aquila |
| Right ascension | 19h 00m 10.89s[2] |
| Declination | +03° 45′ 47.1″[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | B8I,[3] B:I:[e],[4] B0-0.5I[5] |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 12.164[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 8.918[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 6.91[6] |
| Variable type | LBV[4] |
| Astrometry | |
| Distance | 30,000±10,000 ly (10,000±3,000[4] pc) |
| Absolute bolometric magnitude (Mbol) | −11.25[1] |
| Details | |
| Radius | 158 - 385[1] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 1,300,000 - 2,000,000[1] L☉ |
| Temperature | 11,000 - 15,500[1] or 26,000[5] K |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
AFGL 2298, also known as IRAS 18576+0341, is a luminous blue variable star (LBV) located in the constellation Aquila, very close to the galactic plane. Its distance is not well known; it may be anywhere between 23,000 and 42,000 light years (7,000 to 13,000 parsecs) away from the Earth.[4] Despite being extremely luminous, it is extremely reddened by interstellar extinction, so its apparent magnitude is brighter for longer-wavelength passbands; in fact, in visual wavelengths it is completely undetectable.[7]
AFGL 2298 was discovered during the US Air Force Geophysical Laboratory (AFGL) survey, a rocket based infrared sky survey conducted at Hanscom Air Force Base, whose results were published in 1975.[8]
AFGL 2298 has an absolute bolometric magnitude of −11.25,[1] making it one of the most luminous stars known. Indeed, many of the hottest and most luminous stars known are luminous blue variables and other early-type stars. However, like all LBVs, AFGL 2298 is highly variable and the bolometric magnitude refers to its peak luminosity.[1] Its status as an LBV was confirmed in 2003.[4]
Like most extremely massive stars, AFGL 2298 is undergoing mass loss.[5] For example, in 2005 it was estimated to be losing 3.7×10−5 solar masses each year,[5] although the rate of mass loss itself varies frequently and dramatically.[1] The stellar mass is currently being ejected as a nebula around the star (similar to AG Carinae), which was imaged by the Very Large Telescope in 2010.[9] The nebula was found to be fairly circular, and the properties of the dust appeared to be constant throughout the entire nebula.[9]
| Effective temperature (K) | Mass loss rate (M☉/yr) | Bolometric luminosity (L☉) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| June 2001 | 11,700 | 4.5×10−5 | 1.5×106 |
| August 2002 | 10,900 | 1.2×10−4 | 1.3×106 |
| June 2006 | 10,300 | 5.2×10−5 | 2.0×106 |
| May 2007 | 10,900 | 4×10−5 | 1.5×106 |
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Clark, J. S. (2009). "Bolometric luminosity variations in the luminous blue variable AFGL2298". Astronomy and Astrophysics 507 (3): 1555–1565. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912358. Bibcode: 2009A&A...507.1555C.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E. et al. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=II/246.
- ↑ Ramírez Alegría, S.; Herrero, A.; Rübke, K.; Marín-Franch, A.; García, M.; Borissova, J. (2018). "Identifying two groups of massive stars aligned in the l 38° Galactic direction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 614: A116. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731720. Bibcode: 2018A&A...614A.116R.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Clark, J. S. (2003). "Confirmation of the Luminous Blue Variable nature of AFGL 2298". Astronomy and Astrophysics 403 (2): 653–658. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030389. Bibcode: 2003A&A...403..653C.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Umana, G.; Buemi, C. S.; Trigilio, C.; Leto, P. (2005). "Current day mass loss rate for Luminous Blue Variable IRAS 18576+0341". Astronomy and Astrophysics 437 (1): L1–L5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500126. Bibcode: 2005A&A...437L...1U.
- ↑ Kazarovets, E. V. (2006). "The 78th Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 5721: 1. Bibcode: 2006IBVS.5721....1K.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "AFGL 2298". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=AFGL+2298.
- ↑ Walker, R. G.; Price, S. D. (July 14, 1975). AFCRL Infrared Sky Survey. United States Air Force. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA016397.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Buemi, C. S. (2010). "VISIR/VLT and VLA Joint Imaging Analysis of the Circumstellar Nebula Around IRAS 18576+0341". The Astrophysical Journal 721 (2): 1404–1411. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1404. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...721.1404B.
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