Astronomy:RS Sagittarii

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Short description: Eclipsing binary star system in the constellation Sagittarius
RS Sagittarii
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A visual band light curve for RS Sagittarii, adapted from Shobbrook (2005)[1]
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Sagittarius
Right ascension  18h 17m 36.246s[2]
Declination −34° 06′ 26.16″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) max: 6.01
min1: 6.97
min2: 6.28[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Main sequence + giant star
Spectral type B3V + A0III[4]
B−V color index −0.096±0.012[5]
Variable type Semidetached Algol[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)10.1±4.3[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −2.946[2] mas/yr
Dec.: −10.190[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)2.2918 ± 0.0977[2] mas
Distance1,360±49 ly
(418±15 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−4.02 + −1.09[4]
Orbit[4]
Period (P)2.4156835 days
Semi-major axis (a)17.32±0.02 R☉
Eccentricity (e)0.0
Inclination (i)82.829±0.074°
Periastron epoch (T)2,452,503.587±0.003 HJD
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		88.34±0.13 km/s
Semi-amplitude (K2)
(secondary)		271.53±0.13 km/s
Details[4]
Primary
Mass8.846±0.015 M☉
Radius5.524±0.022 R☉
Luminosity3,700+90
−80 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.900±0.005 cgs
Temperature19,000±100 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.0 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)115±5 km/s
Secondary
Mass2.875±0.012 M☉
Radius4.929±0.014 R☉
Luminosity195+14
−13 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.450±0.003 cgs
Temperature9,680±124 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.0 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)90±5 km/s
Other designations
RS Sgr, CD−34°12673, GC 24947, HD 167647, HIP 89637, HR 6833, SAO 209959, WDS J18176-3406A[7]
Database references
SIMBADdata

RS Sagittarii is an eclipsing binary star system in the southern constellation of Sagittarius, abbreviated RS Sgr. It is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 2.416 days,[8] indicating that the components are too close to each other to be individually resolved. The system has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.01, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. During the primary eclipse the brightness drops to magnitude 6.97, while the secondary eclipse is of magnitude 6.28.[3] The distance to this system is 418 parsecs (1,360 light-years).[4]

History of observations

The variability of this system was initially suspected by B. A. Gould in 1879, then confirmed by A. W. Roberts in 1895. Roberts determined this to be an Algol-type variable with a period of 2.416 days.[9] In his 1915 study of eclipsing binaries, H. Shapley listed a low orbital eccentricity of 0.091 for this binary system. He considered both eclipses to be partial, but only after correcting for limb darkening.[10] R. S. Dugan and F. W. Wright in 1939 discovered evidence that suggested the period is varying.[11]

R. L. Baglow in 1948 found an essentially circular orbit with a primary component of spectral class B5.[12] By 1986, O. E. Ferrer and J. Sahade were able to extract spectral information about the secondary component, finding the system consists of ordinary main sequence stars of classes B5V and A2V. Hydrogen alpha emission lines suggested that the stars are interacting.[13]

Physical characteristics

RS Sagittarii has a very tight orbit; both stars are separated by 17.32 solar radii (0.0805 au; 12,050,000 km) and take roughly 2 days and 10 hours to complete an orbit around the center of mass.[4] The system appears to be semidetached.[8]

The secondary component is currently evolving away from the main sequence and expanding in size. It currently fills its roche lobe, having a teardrop shape. The roche lobe filling results in mass transfer to the primary star, which has an accretion disk and a hot spot at the impact location. Emission lines of hydrogen alpha is a consequence of the mass transfer.[4]

The primary component of the system is the larger and more massive of the pair, having 8.846 times the mass of the Sun (M☉) and 5.523 times the Sun's radius (R☉), compared to 2.875 M☉ and 5.524 R☉ for the secondary member. The primary is radiating 3,700 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 19,000 K. The cooler secondary is 9,680 K and radiates 195 times the luminosity of the Sun.[4]

RS Sgr shares a common proper motion with the 9th-magnitude stars TYC-7400-1102-1[14] and HD 167669,[15] and they would form a quadruple system. Any orbits would take hundreds of thousands of years. TYC-7400-1102-1 is an A1 main-sequence star with a mass around twice that of the Sun, while HD 167669 is a slightly brighter B9 main sequence star with a mass about three times the Sun's.[16] HD 167669 itself has a close optical companion, but it appears to be much more distant.[17] Together with RS Sgr, these stars have the Washington Double Star Catalog designation WDS J18176-3406.[18]

References

  1. ↑ Shobbrook, R. R. (December 2005), "Photometry of 20 eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems", The Journal of Astronomical Data 11, https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2005JAD....11....7S, retrieved 7 December 2022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940.  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Samus, N. N. et al. (2017), "General Catalogue of Variable Stars", Astronomy Reports, 5.1 61 (1): 80–88, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085, Bibcode: 2017ARep...61...80S. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Bakış, Hicran; Yıldız, Ömrüm Hilal; Bakış, Volkan; Yücel, Gökhan (2025-06-03), "RS Sagittarii: Revealing the component spectra and the mass transfer", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 
  5. ↑ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters 38 (5): 331, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, Bibcode: 2012AstL...38..331A. 
  6. ↑ Gontcharov, G. A. (November 2006), "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos stars in a common system", Astronomy Letters 32 (11): 759–771, doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065, Bibcode: 2006AstL...32..759G. 
  7. ↑ "RS Sgr". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=RS+Sgr. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Bakış, V. et al. (January 2010), "The spectroscopic orbits of three double-lined eclipsing binaries: I. BG Ind, IM Mon, RS Sgr", New Astronomy 15 (1): 1–7, doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.05.005, Bibcode: 2010NewA...15....1B. 
  9. ↑ Roberts, Alexander W. (July 1895), "Observations of southern variable stars", Astronomical Journal 15 (349): 100–101, doi:10.1086/102250, Bibcode: 1895AJ.....15..100R. 
  10. ↑ Shapley, Harlow (1915), "A Study of the Orbits of Eclipsing Binaries", Contributions from the Princeton University Observatory 3: iii–176, Bibcode: 1915CoPri...3....1S.  See pp. 66–67, 84.
  11. ↑ Sahade, Jorge (January 1949), "Spectrographic Observations of the Eclipsing Variable RS Sagittarii", Astrophysical Journal 109: 116, doi:10.1086/145111, Bibcode: 1949ApJ...109..116S. 
  12. ↑ Baglow, R. L. (1948), "The Photometric Elements of RS Sagittarii", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 108 (4): 343, doi:10.1093/mnras/108.4.343, Bibcode: 1948MNRAS.108..343B. 
  13. ↑ Ferrer, Osvaldo E.; Sahade, Jorge (December 1986), "Lines of the fainter component in the spectrum of RS Sagittarii", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 98: 1342–1346, doi:10.1086/131941, Bibcode: 1986PASP...98.1342F. 
  14. ↑ Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940.  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  15. ↑ Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940.  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  16. ↑ Tokovinin, Andrei (March 1, 2018), "The Updated Multiple Star Catalog", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 235 (1): 6, doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aaa1a5, ISSN 0067-0049, Bibcode: 2018ApJS..235....6T. 
  17. ↑ Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940.  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  18. ↑ Mason, B. D. et al. (2014), "The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog", The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): 3466, doi:10.1086/323920, Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.3466M, http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=B/wds, retrieved 2016-09-04. 



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