Astronomy:HE 1104−1805

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HE 1104−1805
Image of the gravitationally lensed quasar HE 1104−1805
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCrater
Right ascension 11h 06m 33.40s[1]
Declination−18° 21′ 23.00″[1]
Redshift2.322200[1]
Helio radial velocity696,178 km/s[1]
Distance10.490 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)15.9[2]
Apparent magnitude (B)15.8[2]
Characteristics
TypeRQQ[1]
Other designations
Name Double Hamburger, CTS 463, QSO B1104−181, INTREF 439, SDSS J110633.38−182123.7, TIC 410396549, 6dFGS gJ110633.5−182124[2]

HE 1104−1805 known as CTS 463[2] or Double Hamburger in literature,[3] is a gravitationally-lensed quasar[4] located in the constellation of Crater. It has a redshift of (z) 2.32[1] and it was first discovered by astronomers L. Wisotzki, T. Koehler, R. Kayser and D. Reimers in October 1993.[5] This quasar is classified as radio-quiet.[6]

Description

HE 1104−1805 is classified as a double quasar with an angular separation of 3.0 arcseconds and estimated B magnitudes of 16.70 and 18.74.[7][5] When imaged, the quasar is found separated into two components, with the A component displaying emission lines of lower width, and a bluer continuum.[5] It is found lensed by a foreground early-type galaxy described as large with a mass of 7 x 1011 Mʘ.[8][9] The redshift of the lens galaxy is (z) 0.729 ± 0.001 based on observations with the Very Large Telescope by C. Lidman[10] while dismissing other redshift estimates of the galaxy at (z) 0.77 by C.Y. Peng based on the assumption of a fundamental plane measurement made by C.S. Kochanek[9][11] and at (z) 1.66 by F. Courbin.[8]

Combined observations with the Wise Observatory and by Schechter found the two images of HE 1104−1805 display time-delays. Based on results, the time delays are significantly shorter with a period of -161 ± 7 days while others estimated the time-delays between the ranges of -129 and -263 h-1 days,[12] 0.73 years via a quantitative analysis,[13] and between -0.9 and -0.7 years.[14] Another study estimated an interband centroid time-delay of -4.3+3.1-3.4 days.[15]

Evidence also showed the light curves of the two images displaying a long-term variability trend, indicating it was caused by microlensing from the stars of the lens galaxy.[12] Substantial variations were also noted in these images, although the B image has less fluctuations compared to the A image mainly because of the high dark matter concentration and low stellar surface density.[16] Monitoring campaign observations made with Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2009, also detected the flux variability of the A image of HE 1104–1805 has a high amplitude in X-rays. As the variability is uncorrelated, this indicates microlensing.[17]

The host galaxy of HE 1104−1805 is described as shaped into an Einstein Ring. It has a dusty appearance or little star formation based on scaling and addition of its arc imaging to both I and V images.[9] Observations also pointed out the carbon oxide emission are found associated with the AGN's two point-like imaging with offset emission peaks. This suggests the AGN is not located in the molecular gas reservoir.[6]

The central supermassive black hole of HE 1104−1805 is estimated to be 2.4 x 109 Mʘ.[6] Other studies estimated the black hole mass as 9.37 ± 0.33, 8.77 ± 30 and 9.05 ± 0.23 based on estimation of its emission line widths.[18] Several rich metallic systems of absorption lines have also been identified in the quasar's spectra with these lines being located at (z) 1.662, (z) 0.728 and (z) 1.320.[19][20][10]

Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of HE 1104−1805.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "NED search results for HE 1104-1805". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=HE+1104-1805&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "QSO B1104-181". http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id. 
  3. ↑ Gil-Merino, R.; Wisotzki, L.; Wambsganss, J. (2002-01-01). "The Double Quasar HE 1104–1805: A case study for time delay determination with poorly sampled lightcurves" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 381 (2): 428–439. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011523. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2002A&A...381..428G. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2002/02/aah3051/aah3051.html. 
  4. ↑ information@eso.org. "Gravitationally lensed quasar HE 1104-1805" (in en). https://www.esahubble.org/images/heic1116a/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Wisotzki, L.; Koehler, T.; Kayser, R.; Reimers, D. (October 1993). "The new double QSO HE 1104-1805 : gravitational lens with microlensing or binary quasar ?" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 278: L15–L18. ISSN 0004-6361. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993A%26A...278L..15W. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Riechers, Dominik A. (2011-03-10). "MOLECULAR GAS IN LENSEDz>2 QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AND THE STAR FORMATION LAW FOR GALAXIES WITH LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI". The Astrophysical Journal 730 (2): 108. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/730/2/108. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...730..108R. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/730/2/108. 
  7. ↑ Reimers, D.; Bade, N.; Schartel, N.; Hagen, H.-J.; Engels, D.; Toussaint, F. (April 1995). "Optically luminous QSOs observed with ROSAT." (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 296: L49. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1995A&A...296L..49R. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1995A%26A...296L..49R. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Courbin, F.; Lidman, C.; Magain, P. (February 1998). "Detection of the lensing galaxy in HE 1104-1805" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 330: 57–62. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1998A&A...330...57C. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lehar, J.; Falco, E. E.; Kochanek, C. S.; McLeod, B. A.; Munoz, J. A.; Impey, C. D.; Rix, H.-W.; Keeton, C. R. et al. (2000-06-20). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of 10 Two-Image Gravitational Lenses". The Astrophysical Journal 536 (2): 584–605. doi:10.1086/308963. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...536..584L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/308963/fulltext/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lidman, C.; Courbin, F.; Kneib, J.-P.; Golse, G.; Castander, F.; Soucail, G. (December 2000). "Exploring the gravitationally lensed system HE 1104-1805: VLT spectroscopy of the lens at z=0.729" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 364: L62–L65. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2000A&A...364L..62L. 
  11. ↑ Kochanek, C. S.; Falco, E. E.; Impey, C. D.; Lehár, J.; McLeod, B. A.; Rix, H.-W.; Keeton, C. R.; Muñoz, J. A. et al. (November 2000). "The Fundamental Plane of Gravitational Lens Galaxies and The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Low-Density Environments" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 543 (1): 131–148. doi:10.1086/317074. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...543..131K. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ofek, Eran O.; Maoz, Dan (September 2003). "Time-Delay Measurement of the Lensed Quasar HE 1104−1805". The Astrophysical Journal 594 (1): 101–106. doi:10.1086/376903. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...594..101O. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/376903/fulltext/. 
  13. ↑ Wisotzki, Lutz; Wucknitz, Olaf; Lopez, Sebastian; Soerensen, Anton Norup (1998-10-12), "First estimate of the time delay in HE 1104-1805", Astronomy and Astrophysics 339, arXiv:astro-ph/9810181, Bibcode: 1998A&A...339L..73W 
  14. ↑ Pelt, J.; Refsdal, S.; Stabell, R. (July 2002). "Bias and consistency in time delay estimation methods: Case of the double quasar HE 1104-1805" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 389 (2): L57–L60. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020765. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2002A&A...389L..57P. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...389L..57P/abstract. 
  15. ↑ Koptelova, E.; Oknyanskij, V.; Artamonov, B.; Chen, W.-P. (2010). "Multiwavelengths observations of lensed quasars: interband time delays" (in en). Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana 81: 138. ISSN 0037-8720. Bibcode: 2010MmSAI..81..138K. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2010MmSAI..81..138K. 
  16. ↑ Schechter, Paul L.; Udalski, A.; Szymański, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzyński, G.; Soszyński, I.; Woźniak, P.; Żebruń, K. et al. (2003-02-20). "Microlensing of Relativistic Knots in the Quasar HE 1104−1805 AB". The Astrophysical Journal 584 (2): 657–663. doi:10.1086/345716. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...584..657S. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/345716/fulltext/. 
  17. ↑ Chartas, G.; Kochanek, C. S.; Dai, X.; Poindexter, S.; Garmire, G. (2009-02-27). "X-Ray Microlensing in Rxj1131-1231 and He1104-1805". The Astrophysical Journal 693 (1): 174–185. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/174. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693..174C. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/174. 
  18. ↑ Blackburne, Jeffrey A.; Kochanek, Christopher S.; Chen, Bin; Dai, Xinyu; Chartas, George (January 2015). "The Structure of HE 1104-1805 from Infrared to X-Ray" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 798 (2): 95. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/798/2/95. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...798...95B. 
  19. ↑ Smette, A.; Robertson, J. G.; Shaver, P. A.; Reimers, D.; Wisotzki, L.; Köhler, Th. (1996), "The Gravitational Lens Candidate HE 1104–1805 and the Size of Absorption Systems", Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 101–102, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0221-3_27, ISBN 978-0-7923-3955-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0221-3_27, retrieved 2025-06-14 
  20. ↑ Lopez, Sebastian; Reimers, Dieter; Rauch, Michael; Sargent, Wallace L. W.; Smette, Alain (1999-03-10). "First Comparison of Ionization and Metallicity in Two Lines of Sight toward HE 1104–1805 AB at z=1.66*" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 513 (2): 598. doi:10.1086/306879. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...513..598L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306879/meta. 



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