Astronomy:NGC 3521

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NGC 3521
NGC 3521 imaged by R Jay GaBany
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo[1]
Right ascension 11h 05m 48.581s[2]
Declination–00° 02′ 09.11″[2]
Redshift0.002672[2]
Helio radial velocity801[3] km/s
Distance37.17 ± 1.83 Mly (11.395 ± 0.56 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)9.2[1]
Characteristics
TypeSAB(rs)bc[3]
Size~146,000 ly (44.75 kpc) (estimated)[2]
Apparent size (V)11.2′ × 5.4′[1]
Notable featuresHII LINER
Other designations
Bubble Galaxy[4], IRAS 11032+0014, UGC 6150, MCG+00-28-030, PGC 33550[2]

NGC 3521, also known as the Bubble Galaxy,[4] is a flocculent[5] intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo.[1] Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,167 ± 26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 56.1 ± 4.1 Mly (17.21 ± 1.26 Mpc).[2] However, 26 non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 37.17 ± 1.83 Mly (11.395 ± 0.56 Mpc).[6] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 22 February 1784.[7][8]

NGC 3521 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope

NGC 3521 has a morphological classification of SAB(rs)bc,[3] which indicates that it is a spiral galaxy with a trace of a bar structure (SAB), a weak inner ring (rs), and moderate to loosely wound arm structure (bc).[9] The bar structure is difficult to discern, both because it has a low ellipticity and the galaxy is at a high inclination[3] of 72.7° to the line of sight.[5] The relatively bright bulge is nearly 3/4 the size of the bar, which may indicate the former is quite massive.[3] The nucleus of this galaxy is classified as an HII LINER,[10] as there is an H II region at the core and the nucleus forms a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region.

NGC 3521 is structurally similar to the Milky Way; additionally, its supermassive black hole has a similar mass to that of the Milky Way, at about 7 million solar masses.[11]

Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 3521: SN 2024aecx (Type Ic, mag. 14.543) was discovered by ATLAS on 16 December 2024. Astronomers originally classified it as Type IIb, but spectroscopy suggests this supernova is very similar to SN 1994I.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Finlay, Warren H. (2014). Concise Catalogue of Deep-Sky Objects. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series (2nd ed.). Springer Cham. p. 254. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03170-5. ISBN 978-3-319-03169-9. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Results for object NGC 3521". NASA and Caltech. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3521. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Mao, Rui-Qing et al. (December 2010), "An Extragalactic 12CO J = 3-2 Survey with the Heinrich Hertz Telescope", The Astrophysical Journal 724 (2): 1336–1356, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1336, Bibcode: 2010ApJ...724.1336M. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Hubble shears a "wooly" galaxy". ESA/NASA. 21 September 2015. https://esahubble.org/images/potw1538a/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Liu, Guilin et al. (July 2011), "The Super-linear Slope of the Spatially Resolved Star Formation Law in NGC 3521 and NGC 5194 (M51a)", The Astrophysical Journal 735 (1): 63, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/63, Bibcode: 2011ApJ...735...63L. 
  6. ↑ "Distance Results for NGC 3521". NASA. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+3521. 
  7. ↑ Herschel, W. (1786). "Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 76: 457–499. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027. Bibcode: 1786RSPT...76..457H. https://zenodo.org/record/1432282/files/article.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 3521". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc35.htm#3521. 
  9. ↑ Buta, Ronald J. et al. (2007), The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, ISBN 978-0521820486, https://books.google.com/books?id=g-P7dCbB5MEC&pg=PA16. 
  10. ↑ Das, Mousumi et al. (December 2003), "Central Mass Concentration and Bar Dissolution in Nearby Spiral Galaxies", The Astrophysical Journal 582 (1): 190–195, doi:10.1086/344480, Bibcode: 2003ApJ...582..190D. 
  11. ↑ Pilyugin, L. S.; Lara-Lopez, M. A.; Tautvaisiene, G.; Zinchenko, I. A.; Garduno, L. R.; De Rossi, M. E.; Zaragoza-Cardiel, J.; Dib, S. et al. (2025). "Metal-THINGS: The Milky Way twin candidate NGC 3521". Astronomy and Astrophysics 694: A113. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452605. Bibcode: 2025A&A...694A.113P. 
  12. ↑ "SN 2024aecx". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024aecx. 

Coordinates: Sky map 11h 05m 48.581s, −00° 02′ 09.11″

Template:NGC objects:3001-4000



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