Astronomy:NGC 3521

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NGC 3521
NGC 3521 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo
Right ascension 11h 05m 48.581s[1]
Declination–00° 02′ 09.11″[1]
Redshift0.002672[1]
Helio radial velocity801[2] km/s
Distance37.17 ± 1.83 Mly (11.395 ± 0.56 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)11.0[1]
Characteristics
TypeSAB(rs)bc[2]
Size~146,000 ly (44.75 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)11.0′ × 5.1′[1]
Notable featuresHII LINER
Other designations
Bubble Galaxy[3], IRAS 11032+0014, UGC 6150, MCG+00-28-030, PGC 33550[1]

NGC 3521 (possibly?) also known as Bubble Galaxy[4] is a flocculent[5]intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1167 ± 26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 56.1 ± 4.1 Mly (17.21 ± 1.26 Mpc).[1] However, 26 non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 37.17 ± 1.83 Mly (11.395 ± 0.56 Mpc).[6] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 22 February 1784.[7][8]

NGC 3521 imaged by R Jay GaBany

NGC 3521 has a morphological classification of SAB(rs)bc,[2] which indicates that it is a spiral galaxy with a trace of a bar structure (SAB), a weak inner ring (rs), and moderate to loosely wound arm structure (bc).[9] The bar structure is difficult to discern, both because it has a low ellipticity and the galaxy is at a high inclination[2] of 72.7° to the line of sight.[5] The relatively bright bulge is nearly 3/4 the size of the bar, which may indicate the former is quite massive.[2] The nucleus of this galaxy is classified as an HII LINER,[10] as there is an H II region at the core and the nucleus forms a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region.

NGC 3521 is structurally similar to the Milky Way; additionally, its supermassive black hole has a similar mass to that of the Milky Way, at about 7 million solar masses.[11]

Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 3521: SN 2024aecx (Type Ic, mag. 14.543) was discovered by ATLAS on 16 December 2024.[12] Astronomers originally classified it as Type IIb, but spectroscopy suggests this supernova is very similar to SN 1994I.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Results for object NGC 3521". NASA and Caltech. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3521. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Mao, Rui-Qing et al. (December 2010), "An Extragalactic 12CO J = 3-2 Survey with the Heinrich Hertz Telescope", The Astrophysical Journal 724 (2): 1336–1356, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1336, Bibcode: 2010ApJ...724.1336M. 
  3. ↑ "Hubble shears a "wooly" galaxy". ESA/NASA. 21 September 2015. https://esahubble.org/images/potw1538a/. 
  4. ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bubble_galaxy.png
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Liu, Guilin et al. (July 2011), "The Super-linear Slope of the Spatially Resolved Star Formation Law in NGC 3521 and NGC 5194 (M51a)", The Astrophysical Journal 735 (1): 63, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/63, Bibcode: 2011ApJ...735...63L. 
  6. ↑ "Distance Results for NGC 3521". NASA. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+3521. 
  7. ↑ Herschel, W. (1786). "Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 76: 457–499. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027. Bibcode: 1786RSPT...76..457H. https://zenodo.org/record/1432282/files/article.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 3521". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc35.htm#3521. 
  9. ↑ Buta, Ronald J. et al. (2007), The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, ISBN 978-0521820486, https://books.google.com/books?id=g-P7dCbB5MEC&pg=PA16. 
  10. ↑ Das, Mousumi et al. (December 2003), "Central Mass Concentration and Bar Dissolution in Nearby Spiral Galaxies", The Astrophysical Journal 582 (1): 190–195, doi:10.1086/344480, Bibcode: 2003ApJ...582..190D. 
  11. ↑ Pilyugin, L. S.; Lara-Lopez, M. A.; Tautvaisiene, G.; Zinchenko, I. A.; Garduno, L. R.; De Rossi, M. E.; Zaragoza-Cardiel, J.; Dib, S. et al. (2025). "Metal-THINGS: The Milky Way twin candidate NGC 3521". Astronomy and Astrophysics 694: A113. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452605. Bibcode: 2025A&A...694A.113P. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "SN 2024aecx". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024aecx. 

Coordinates: Sky map 11h 05m 48.581s, −00° 02′ 09.11″



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