Astronomy:NGC 3504

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NGC 3504
NGC 3504 imaged by the Mount Lemmon Observatory SkyCenter using the 0.8m Schulman Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo Minor[1]
Right ascension 11h 03m 11.2388s[2]
Declination+27° 58′ 21.344″[2]
Redshift0.005074±0.00000334[2]
Helio radial velocity1,521±1 km/s[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.9[1]
Characteristics
Type(R)SAB(s)ab[2]
Apparent size (V)2.7′ × 2.1′[1]
Other designations
IRAS 11004+2814, UGC 6118, MCG+05-26-039, PGC 33371[2][3]

NGC 3504 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor.[1] It has a Hubble distance corresponding to 88 million light-years[4] and was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 11 April 1785.[5]

Observations

NGC 3504 is classified as a type (R1')SAB(rs)ab galaxy.[6][7] It has a bright point-like nucleus embedded inside its galactic budge that is crossed by a thin bar. It has spiral arms found wrapping around its inner ring which then peels off to form an outer, broken pseudo-ring. The galaxy shows little evidence of star formation.[8] The luminosity class of NGC 3504 is I-II, with a broad HI line containing regions of ionized hydrogen. Additionally, it is classified as a starburst galaxy.[9]

According to Hubble Space Telescope, a star-forming disk has been found around the nucleus of NGC 3504, which the size of the disk's axis is estimated to be 200 pc (~650 light years).[10] Compared with other barred spiral galaxies, NGC 3504 is in an early phase of its evolution.[11]

The mass of NGC 3504 has been difficult to narrow down, but it is believed to be between 2.5*109 M⊙ and 9*109 M⊙.[12] The supermassive black hole in NGC 3504 is estimated to be 107.8 M○ (or 63 million solar masses), according to near-infrared K-band brightness measurements for the galaxy's budge.[13]

Supernovae

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 3504:

NGC 3504 group

NGC 3504 is the brightest member of the NGC 3504 Group (also known as LGG 227), which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.[19] There are eight other galaxies in the group including NGC 3380 (fr), NGC 3400 (fr), NGC 3414, NGC 3451 (fr), NGC 3512, UGC 5921 (d) and UGC 5958.[20] This NGC 3504 group is also mentioned by Abraham Mahtessian in his research paper published in 1998.[21]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Finlay, Warren H. (2014). Concise Catalogue of Deep-Sky Objects. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series (2nd ed.). Springer Cham. p. 229. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03170-5. ISBN 978-3-319-03169-9. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Results for object NGC 3504". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3504. 
  3. ↑ "NGC 3504". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+3504. 
  4. ↑ "Results for NGC 3504". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3504&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  5. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc35.htm#3504. 
  6. ↑ "Gérard de Vaucouleurs' Atlas of Galaxies". https://cseligman.com/text/devaucouleurs.htm#ngc3504. 
  7. ↑ "Galaxy Morphology of NGC 3504". https://kudzu.astr.ua.edu/devatlas/NGC_3504______B___________.html. 
  8. ↑ de Jong, Roelof S. (1996), "Colour Gradients in the Optical and Near-IR", Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 43–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, ISBN 978-3-662-22429-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, retrieved 2024-07-25 
  9. ↑ Balzano, V. A. (1983-05-01). "Star-burst galactic nuclei.". The Astrophysical Journal 268: 602–627. doi:10.1086/160983. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1983ApJ...268..602B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...268..602B. 
  10. ↑ Comerón, S.; Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Martínez-Valpuesta, I.; Buta, R. J. (March 2010). "AINUR: Atlas of Images of NUclear Rings". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 402 (4): 2462–2490. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16057.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.402.2462C. 
  11. ↑ Franco, J.; Ferrini, F. (1993). Star Formation, Galaxies and the Interstellar Medium. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44412-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=4g9sT_xZp3gC&pg=PA14. 
  12. ↑ Burbidge (1960). "The Rotation and Approximate Mass of NGC 3504". http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1960ApJ...132..661B&db_key=AST&page_ind=0&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_VIEW&classic=YES. 
  13. ↑ Dong, X. Y.; De Robertis, M. M. (March 2006). "Low-Luminosity Active Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes". The Astronomical Journal 131 (3): 1236–1252. doi:10.1086/499334. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.1236D. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499334. 
  14. ↑ Garnavich, P. (1998). "Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (6914): 1. Bibcode: 1998IAUC.6914....1G. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/06900/06914.html#item1. 
  15. ↑ "SN 1998cf". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1998cf. 
  16. ↑ Beckmann, S.; Li, W. D. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7596): 1. Bibcode: 2001IAUC.7596....1B. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07500/07596.html#Item1. 
  17. ↑ Matheson, T.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7597): 3. Bibcode: 2001IAUC.7597....3M. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07500/07597.html#Item3. 
  18. ↑ "SN 2001ac". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2001ac. 
  19. ↑ "The Leo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/leoii.html. 
  20. ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1993-07-01). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 100: 47–90. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1993A&AS..100...47G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993A&AS..100...47G. 
  21. ↑ Mahtessian, A. P. (1998-07-01). "Groups of galaxies. III. Some empirical characteristics.". Astrophysics 41 (3): 308–321. doi:10.1007/BF03036100. ISSN 0571-7256. Bibcode: 1998Ap.....41..308M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Ap.....41..308M. 

Coordinates: Sky map 11h 03m 11.2388s, +27° 58′ 21.344″ Template:NGC objects:3001-4000



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