Astronomy:NGC 3504
| NGC 3504 | |
|---|---|
 NGC 3504 (Hubble Space Telescope) | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Leo Minor |
| Right ascension | 11h 03m 11.2s[1] |
| Declination | +27° 58′ 21″[1] |
| Redshift | 1534 ± 2 km/s[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.67[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | (R)SAB(s)ab[1] |
| Apparent size (V) | 2.7′ × 2.1′[1] |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 6118, MCG+05-26-039, PGC 33371[2] | |
NGC 3504 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. It has a Hubble distance corresponding to 88 million light-years[3] and was discovered by William Herschel in 1785.[4]
The luminosity class of NGC 3504 is I-II, with a broad HI line containing regions of ionized hydrogen. Additionally, it is classfied as a starburst galaxy.[5]
There is a large amount of molecular gas centered on the galactic nucleus. Compared with other barred spiral galaxies, NGC 3504 is in an early phase of its evolution.[6]
Morphology
NGC 3504 is classified as a type (R1')SAB(rs)ab galaxy.[7][8] It has a bright point-like nucleus embedded inside its galactic budge that is crossed by a thin bar. It has spiral arms found wrapping around its inner ring which then peels off to form an outer, broken pseudo-ring. The galaxy shows little evidence of star formation.[9]
Star-forming disk
According to Hubble Space Telescope, a star-forming disk has been found around the nucleus of NGC 3504, which the size of the disk's axis is estimated to be 200 pc (~650 light years).[10]
Mass
The mass of NGC 3504 has been difficult to narrow down, but it is believed to be between 2.5*109 M⊙ and 9*109 M⊙.[11]
Supermassive black hole
The supermassive black hole in NGC 3504 is estimated to be 107.8 M○ (or 63 million solar masses), according to near-infrared K-band brightness measurements for the galaxy's budge.[12]
Supernovae
Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 3504:
- SN 1998cf (type unknown, mag. 15) was discovered in March 1998 by Eric Emsellem via CCD images captured at Canada-France-Hawaii Observatory and also by Karl Gordon and Geoffrey Clayton from Louisiana State University.[13][14]
- SN 2001ac (type gap, mag. 18.2) was discovered by LOTOSS (Lick Observatory and Tenagra Observatory Supernova Searches) on 12 March 2001.[15] This supernova was initially thought to be type IIn or LBV,[16] but later analysis concluded that it was a Calcium-rich supernova, sometimes referred to as a "gap" transient.[17]
NGC 3504 group
NGC 3504 is the brightest member of the NGC 3504 Group (also known as LGG 227), which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.[18] There are eight other galaxies in the group including NGC 3380, NGC 3400, NGC 3414, NGC 3451, NGC 3512, UGC 5921 and UGC 5958.[19] This NGC 3504 group is also mentioned by Abraham Mahtessian in his research paper published in 1998.[20]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3504. http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/?q=byname&omegam=0.27&img_stamp=YES&omegav=0.73&out_csys=Equatorial&obj_sort=RA%20or%20Longitude&list_limit=5&out_equinox=J2000.0&hconst=73&objname=NGC%203504&extend=no&of=pre_text&corr_z=1.
- ↑ "NGC 3504". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+3504.
- ↑ "Results for NGC 3504". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3504&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1.
- ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc35.htm#3504.
- ↑ Balzano, V. A. (1983-05-01). "Star-burst galactic nuclei.". The Astrophysical Journal 268: 602–627. doi:10.1086/160983. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1983ApJ...268..602B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...268..602B.
- ↑ Franco, J & F, Ferrini (1993). Star Formation, Galaxies and the Interstellar Medium. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44412-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=4g9sT_xZp3gC&pg=PA14.
- ↑ "Gérard de Vaucouleurs' Atlas of Galaxies". https://cseligman.com/text/devaucouleurs.htm#ngc3504.
- ↑ "Galaxy Morphology of NGC 3504". https://kudzu.astr.ua.edu/devatlas/NGC_3504______B___________.html.
- ↑ de Jong, Roelof S. (1996), "Colour Gradients in the Optical and Near-IR", Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR, ESO Astrophysics Symposia (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg): pp. 43–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, ISBN 978-3-662-22429-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, retrieved 2024-07-25
- ↑ Comerón, S.; Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Martínez-Valpuesta, I.; Buta, R. J. (March 2010). "AINUR: Atlas of Images of NUclear Rings". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 402 (4): 2462–2490. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16057.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.402.2462C.
- ↑ Burbidge (1960). "The Rotation and Approximate Mass of NGC 3504". http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1960ApJ...132..661B&db_key=AST&page_ind=0&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_VIEW&classic=YES.
- ↑ Dong, X. Y.; De Robertis, M. M. (March 2006). "Low-Luminosity Active Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes". The Astronomical Journal 131 (3): 1236–1252. doi:10.1086/499334. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.1236D. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499334.
- ↑ Garnavich, P. (1998). "Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (6914): 1. Bibcode: 1998IAUC.6914....1G. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/06900/06914.html#item1.
- ↑ "SN 1998cf". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1998cf.
- ↑ Beckmann, S.; Li, W. D. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7596): 1. Bibcode: 2001IAUC.7596....1B. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07500/07596.html#Item1.
- ↑ Matheson, T.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7597): 3. Bibcode: 2001IAUC.7597....3M.
- ↑ "SN 2001ac". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2001ac.
- ↑ "The Leo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/leoii.html.
- ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1993-07-01). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 100: 47–90. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1993A&AS..100...47G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993A&AS..100...47G.
- ↑ Mahtessian, A. P. (1998-07-01). "Groups of galaxies. III. Some empirical characteristics.". Astrophysics 41 (3): 308–321. doi:10.1007/BF03036100. ISSN 0571-7256. Bibcode: 1998Ap.....41..308M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Ap.....41..308M.
External links
- NGC 3504 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
Coordinates: 
11h 03m 11.2s, +27° 58′ 21″
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