Biology:Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

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A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGA gene.[1]

The gonadotropin hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are heterodimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits (also called chains) that are associated non-covalently. The alpha subunits of these four human glycoprotein hormones are identical; however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family.[2]

References

  1. ↑ "The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones". Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics 1 (1): 3–18. Oct 1982. PMID 6286817. 
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CGA glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1081. 

Further reading

  • "[Free alpha-subunit glycoprotein hormones: physiological and pathological data]". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 33 (4B): 763–9. Oct 1989. doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90489-5. PMID 2481154. 
  • "Eli Lilly lecture. The subunits of pituitary thyrotropin--their relationship to other glycoprotein hormones". Endocrinology 89 (6): 1331–44. Dec 1971. doi:10.1210/endo-89-6-1331. PMID 5002675. 
  • "The regulation and organization of thyroid stimulating hormone genes". Recent Progress in Hormone Research 40: 79–120. 1984. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571140-1.50007-4. ISBN 9780125711401. PMID 6207569. 
  • "[Structure and regulation of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) gene]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine 52 (4): 940–7. Apr 1994. PMID 8196184. 
  • "Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the human follicle-stimulating isohormones". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 186 (2): 189–98. Jan 2002. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00657-8. PMID 11900895. 
  • "Role of carbohydrate of human chorionic gonadotropin in the mechanism of hormone action". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250 (23): 9163–9. Dec 1975. PMID 172504. 
  • "Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin". Nature 281 (5730): 351–6. Oct 1979. doi:10.1038/281351a0. PMID 481597. 
  • "Human pituitary thyrotropin. The primary structure of the alpha and beta subunits". Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 55 (7): 755–60. Jul 1977. doi:10.1139/o77-108. PMID 890569. 
  • "The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250 (13): 5247–58. Jul 1975. PMID 1150658. 
  • "Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. I. alpha subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250 (17): 6735–46. Sep 1975. PMID 1158880. 
  • "NMR investigations of the N-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of human lutropin". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS 195 (1): 257–68. Jan 1991. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15702.x. PMID 1991473. 
  • "Subcellular localization of intracellular forms of human chorionic gonadotropin in first trimester placenta". Journal of Biochemistry 102 (5): 993–1001. Nov 1987. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122176. PMID 2449427. 
  • "Site specificity of the chorionic gonadotropin N-linked oligosaccharides in signal transduction". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 264 (5): 2409–14. Feb 1989. PMID 2536708. 
  • "Crystallization and characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin in chemically deglycosylated and enzymatically desialylated states". Biochemistry 28 (24): 9239–43. Nov 1989. doi:10.1021/bi00450a001. PMID 2611225. 
  • "Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 264 (12): 6705–6. Apr 1989. PMID 2708337. 
  • "Molecular cloning of the human thyrotropin-beta subunit gene". FEBS Letters 188 (2): 394–400. Sep 1985. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(85)80409-9. PMID 3839756. 
  • "Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 248 (19): 6796–809. Oct 1973. PMID 4745444. 
  • "Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): first proposal for the amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit (hFSHa) and first demonstration of its identity with the alpha-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHa)". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 39 (1): 199–202. Jul 1974. doi:10.1210/jcem-39-1-199. PMID 4835135. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.





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