Biology:Ruminococcus

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Ruminococcus is a genus of anaerobic bacteria in the family Oscillospiraceae. The type species is Ruminococcus flavefaciens.[1] Members of the genus occur predominantly in the digestive tracts of herbivorous and omnivorous mammals, including ruminants and humans.[2]

Several species formerly classified in Ruminococcus have been transferred to other genera following phylogenetic analyses. Five former species were transferred to Blautia in 2008.[3] Ruminococcus gnavus is now classified as Mediterraneibacter gnavus.[4] In 2026, Ruminococcus albus was transferred to Hominimerdicola as Hominimerdicola alba.[5]

An early coculture study demonstrated interspecies hydrogen transfer between the bacterium then known as Ruminococcus albus and Wolinella succinogenes.[6]

Ruminococcus bromii is considered a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon.[7]

Lower relative abundances of R. callidus and R. bromii have been reported in people with inflammatory bowel disease.[8] Lower relative abundances of sequences classified as Ruminococcus have also been reported in cohorts with Parkinson's disease[9] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[10][11]

Phylogeny

Phylogenomic analyses have demonstrated that species assigned to Ruminococcus do not form a monophyletic group.[2] The reduced tree below shows the placement in Genome Taxonomic Database (GTDB) release R11-RS232. [12][13]

120 marker proteins based GTDB R11-RS232[12][13]
Oscillospirales
Acutalibacteraceae
 

R. bovis (GTDB: Ruminococcoides)

 
 

R. bromii (GTDB: Ruminococcoides)

 
 
Ruminococcaceae
 
 

R. flavefaciens (GTDB: Ruminococcus)

 
 

R. callidus (GTDB: Ruminococcus_C)

 
 
 

R. champanellensis (GTDB: Ruminococcus_F)

 
 
 
Lachnospirales: Lachnospiraceae
 

R. gauvreauii (GTDB: Ruminococcus_G)

 
 
 

R. lactaris (GTDB: Mediterraneibacter)

 
 

R. turbiniformis (GTDB: Mediterraneibacter)

 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ "Genus: Ruminococcus". Leibniz Institute DSMZ. https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ruminococcus. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 La Reau, Alex J.; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Suen, Garret (2016). "Sequence-based analysis of the genus Ruminococcus resolves its phylogeny and reveals strong host association". Microbial Genomics 2 (12). doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000099. 
  3. ↑ Liu, Chengxu; Finegold, Sydney M.; Song, Yuli; Lawson, Paul A. (2008). "Reclassification of Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus and Ruminococcus schinkii as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov., Blautia schinkii comb. nov. and description of Blautia wexlerae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (Pt 8): 1896–1902. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65208-0. PMID 18676476. 
  4. ↑ "Species: Ruminococcus gnavus". Leibniz Institute DSMZ. https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/ruminococcus-gnavus. 
  5. ↑ Hisatomi, Atsushi; Ohkuma, Moriya; Sakamoto, Mitsuo (2026). "Hominimerdicola intestinalis sp. nov. and Ruminococcus sporogenes sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, and reclassification of Ruminococcus albus Hungate 1957 as Hominimerdicola alba comb. nov.". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 76 (2). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.007091. PMID 41729196. 
  6. ↑ Iannotti, E. L.; Kafkewitz, D.; Wolin, M. J.; Bryant, M. P. (1973). "Glucose fermentation products in Ruminococcus albus grown in continuous culture with Vibrio succinogenes: changes caused by interspecies transfer of H2". Journal of Bacteriology 114 (3): 1231–1240. doi:10.1128/JB.114.3.1231-1240.1973. PMID 4351387. 
  7. ↑ Ze, Xiaolei; Duncan, Sylvia H.; Louis, Petra; Flint, Harry J. (2012). "Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon". The ISME Journal 6 (8): 1535–1543. doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.4. PMID 22343308. Bibcode: 2012ISMEJ...6.1535Z. 
  8. ↑ Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko; Kamada, Nobuhiko (2017). "Host-microbial cross-talk in inflammatory bowel disease". Immune Network 17 (1): 1–12. doi:10.4110/in.2017.17.1.1. PMID 28261015. 
  9. ↑ Hill-Burns, E. M.; Debelius, J. W.; Morton, J. T.; Wissemann, W. T.; Lewis, M. R.; Wallen, Z. D.; Peddada, S. D.; Factor, S. A. et al. (2017). "Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome". Movement Disorders 32 (5): 739–749. doi:10.1002/mds.26942. PMID 28195358. 
  10. ↑ Brenner, D.; Hiergeist, A.; Adis, C.; Mayer, B.; Gessner, A.; Ludolph, A. C.; Weishaupt, J. H. (2018). "The fecal microbiome of ALS patients". Neurobiology of Aging 61: 132–137. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.023. PMID 29065369. 
  11. ↑ Rowin, J.; Xia, Y.; Jung, B.; Sun, J. (2017). "Gut inflammation and dysbiosis in human motor neuron disease". Physiological Reports 5 (18). doi:10.14814/phy2.13443. PMID 28947596. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "GTDB release R11-RS232". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/stats/r232. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "bac120_r232.sp_labels.tree" (Newick). https://data.gtdb.aau.ecogenomic.org/releases/release232/232.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r232.sp_labels.tree. 

Wikidata ☰ Q288892 entry



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