Biology:Staphylococcaceae

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Staphylococcaceae, from Ancient Greek σταφυλή (staphulḗ), meaning "bunch of grapes", and κόκκος (kókkos), meaning "sphere", are a family of Gram-positive bacteria that includes the genus Staphylococcus, noted for encompassing several medically significant pathogens.

The five genera Jeotgalicoccus, Macrococcus, Nosocomiicoccus, Salinicoccus, and Staphylococcus have been shown to be monophyletic, while Gemella appears to be polyphyletic. The pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a member of this family.

The most famous species in this family is Staphylococcus aureus, usually found in the skin microbiota. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogenic bacteria with the highest global mortality in 2019, with approximatively 1.1 million deaths.[1]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[3]

GTDB (below) renames this taxon "Staphylococcales", as it finds that the evolutionary divergence within this taxon is more fitting of an order. Bello et al. (2023) puts the GTDB approach to familial division into a formal proposal, but the proposed names have yet to appear on any Validation List.[4]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[5][6][7] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[8][9][10]
 
 
Staphylococcales
 

Macrococcus Kloos et al. 1998
[incl. Macrococcoides Bello et al. 2024]

 
 
 
 
 

Abyssicoccus Jiang et al. 2016

 
 

Auricoccus Prakash et al. 2017

 
 
 
 
 

Corticicoccus Li et al. 2017

 
 
 

Nosocomiicoccus Morais et al. 2008

 
 
 

Aliicoccus Amoozegar et al. 2014

 
 

Jeotgalicoccus Yoon et al. 2003
[incl. Phocicoccus Bello et al. 2024]

 
 
 
 
 

Salinicoccus Ventosa et al. 1990

 
 
 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus stepanovicii

 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus

 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus vitulinus

 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus lentus

 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus sciuri (Kloos, Schleifer &
Smith 1976) Madhaiyan, Wirth & Saravanan 2020

 
 

Staphylococcus Rosenbach 1884

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Staphylococcaceae
 
 
 
 
Gemellaceae

Gemella Berger 1960

 
 
 

other

 
 
 

Lactobacillales

 
 
 
 
 
 
Staphylococcales
 
Gemellaceae

Gemella Berger 1960

 
 
 
 
Abyssicoccaceae

Abyssicoccus [incl. Auricoccus]

 
Salinicoccaceae
 
 
 

Phocicoccus

 
 

Nosocomiicoccus

 
 
 

Jeotgalicoccus

 
 
 
 

Aliicoccus

 
 

Salinicoccus

 
 
 
 
 
Staphylococcaceae
 
 

Macrococcus

 
 

Macrococcoides

 
 
 
 

Mammaliicoccus

 
 

Staphylococcus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

other

 
 
 

Lactobacillales

 
 

Unassigned genus:

See also

References

  1. ↑ ((GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators)) (2022). "Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019". The Lancet 400 (10369): 2221–2248. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02185-7. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 36423648. 
  2. ↑ A.C. Parte. "Staphylococcaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/family/staphylococcaceae. 
  3. ↑ C.L. Schoch. "Staphylococcaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=90964&lvl=3&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock. 
  4. ↑ Bello, Sarah; Mudassir, Syed Huzaifa; Rudra, Bashudev; Gupta, Radhey S. (October 2023). "Phylogenomic and molecular markers based studies on Staphylococcaceae and Gemella species. Proposals for an emended family Staphylococcaceae and three new families (Abyssicoccaceae fam. nov., Salinicoccaceae fam. nov. and Gemellaceae fam. nov.) harboring four new genera, Lacicoccus gen. nov., Macrococcoides gen. nov., Gemelliphila gen. nov., and Phocicoccus gen. nov.". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 116 (10): 937–973. doi:10.1007/s10482-023-01857-6. 
  5. ↑ "The LTP". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP. 
  6. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree. 
  7. ↑ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "GTDB release 09-RS220". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  9. ↑ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree. 
  10. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 

Wikidata ☰ Q149116 entry