Chemistry:Buturon
Buturon is a methylurea, phenylurea herbicide,[1] used to control grassy weeds, largely on cereals. It is now considered obsolete,[2] having been first released as "Eptapur" in 1962.[3]
Rats metabolise buturon within 4 days and remove 68% and 20% by urine and faeces respectively.[4]
Soil behaviour
Buturon rapidly degrades in the environment, and is not persistent, though some metabolites are.[3]
Wheat metabolises about 25% of buturon after seven days. Nutrient deficient plants metabolise it significantly faster though. The main metabolite groups are carbamates, unstable products, a group containing p-chloroacetanilide and conjugates. Nutrient-deficiency also decreases absorption and translocation, which is conjectured to passively rely on the flow of water. Plant metabolism may occur independently in roots and shoots.[5]
Buturon has low volatility.[2]
Safety
In a trial on mice given high daily doses of buturon, 100 to 400 mg/kg/day, and for comparison the LD50 is 1791 mg/kg, buturon induced postimplantative loss and retardation of development at doses over 300 mg/kg/day, and a dose-dependent trend of cleft palate, wavy or fused ribs and hypoplasia of the upper jaw.[6]
Usage
Buturon is usually sold as a wettable powder, to be applied on berry fruits, maize, vines, and cereals including wheat and barley, to control such weeds as spurge, annual meadow grass and foxtails.[2]
It has been sold under the tradenames "Arisan", "Basfitox" and "Eptapur".[2]
References
- ↑ "Buturon" (in en). PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/buturon#section=Classification.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hertfordshire, University of. "Buturon (Ref: H 95 (BASF))". Pesticide Properties Database. https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/1278.htm.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Reiml, Dieter; Scheunert, Irene; Korte, Friedhelm (January 1989). "Leaching of conversion products of [14C]-buturon from soil during 12 years after application". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37 (1): 244–248. doi:10.1021/jf00085a057. Bibcode: 1989JAFC...37..244R.
- ↑ Grunow, W.; Altmann, H. -J.; Böhme, Chr. (1 January 1978). "Metabolisierung von Buturon in der Ratte". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 16 (4): 349–353. doi:10.1016/S0015-6264(78)80006-6. PMID 711055.
- ↑ HAQUE, A.-U., WEISGERBER, I., & KLEIN, W. (1977). Absorption, Efflux, and Metabolism of the Herbicide [14C]Buturon as Affected by Plant Nutrition. Journal of Experimental Botany, 28(103), 468–479. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23689388
- ↑ Matthiaschk, G.; Roll, R. (1 December 1977). "Untersuchungen über die Embryotoxizität von Monolinuron und Buturon bei NMRI-Mäusen". Archives of Toxicology 38 (4): 261–274. doi:10.1007/BF00352031. Bibcode: 1977ArTox..38..261M.
Template:Phenylurea herbicides
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