Chemistry:Zytron
Zytron, also known as DMPA, is a chlorophenoxy herbicide.[1] It controls crabgrass and other weeds in turf preëmergently, and ants, chinch bugs and grubs.[2] It is used on baseball pitches in Australia.[3]
Zytron inhibits microtubule assembly, preventing mitosis. making it a Group 3 / D / K1, similar to dinitroanilines like trifluralin.[4] It was tested and commercially available in the US in 1959, and applied at 10-20 lbs per acre on turf,[5] a high rate compared to other herbicides.
Zytron disappears almost completely from the body within one hour of mammalian exposure.[2] It does not accumulate in soil and is non-harmful to microflora.[6] DMPA has in testing been applied at rates as high as 67 lbs per acre.[7]
Zytron may cause neurotoxicity in chickens. It is an organophosphorus ester, and other such chemicals are known to cause similar neurotoxicity. 100 mg/kg daily for 10 days was considered the minimum effective dose to observably alter hens' behaviour.[8]
Zytron has been sold under the tradenames "Dow Crabgrass Killer", "Dow 1329", "Dowco 118" and "T-H Crabgrass Killer."[9][10]
References
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpubchem - ↑ 2.0 2.1 St. John, Jr., Leigh E.; Lisk, Donald J. (January 1970). "Metabolic studies with Zytron herbicide in a lactating cow". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18 (1): 125–127. doi:10.1021/jf60167a031. PMID 5535663. Bibcode: 1970JAFC...18..125S.
- ↑ "2019 Baseball_Australia_Facility_Resource_2019.pdf". Baseball Australia. 2019. https://www.baseballqueensland.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2019-Field-Maintenance-Excerpt.pdf.
- ↑ "List of Herbicides Globally". https://www.weedscience.org/Pages/Herbicide.aspx?MOAID=15#.
- ↑ Ahrens, J. F.; Olson, A. R. (March 1961). "Prevention and Control of Crabgrass in Lawns". The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (New Haven) (Bulletin 642). https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/caes/documents/publications/bulletins/b642pdf.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ↑ Fields, M.L.; Hemphill, D.D. (14 March 1966). "Effect of Zytron and Its Degradation Products on Soil Microorganisms". Applied Microbiology (Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri: American Society for Microbiology) 14 (5): 724–731. doi:10.1128/am.14.5.724-731.1966. PMID 5970460.
- ↑ Gibeault V. A.mSkogley, C.R., Effects of DMPA (Zytron) on Colonial Bentgrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, and Red Fescue Root Growth, uly, 1967
- ↑ B. M. Francis, L. G. Hansen & R. L. Metcalf (1980) Neurotoxicity of halogenated o‐phenyl o‐alkyl alkylphosphonothioates, Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part B, 15:4, 313-331, DOI: 10.1080/03601238009372186
- ↑ Macksam, William G.; Frost, Kenneth R.; Martin, Dean M. (1963). "Pre-Emergence Cr gence Crabgrass Contr ass Control". South Dakota State University. https://core.ac.uk/download/345017385.pdf.
- ↑ Briggs, Shirley A. (1992). BASIC GUIDE TO PESTICIDES -- Their Characteristics and Hazards. Taylor&Francis. ISBN 1-56032-253-5.
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