Engineering:Toyota Highlander

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Short description: Mid-size crossover SUV
Toyota Highlander
Toyota Highlander Hybrid (XU70) 1X7A6356.jpg
2022 Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Also called
  • Toyota Kluger (Japan, 2000–2007; Australia, 2000–present)
  • Toyota Crown Kluger (China, 2021–present)
Production2000–present
Model years2001–present
Body and chassis
ClassMid-size crossover SUV
Body style5-door SUV
Layout

The Toyota Highlander, also known as the Toyota Kluger (Japanese: トヨタ・クルーガー, Hepburn: Toyota Kurūgā), is a mid-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by Toyota since 2000.

Announced in April 2000 at the New York International Auto Show and arriving in late 2000 in Japan and January 2001 in North America, the Highlander became one of the first car-based mid-size SUV or mid-size crossovers.[1] The Highlander is the crossover counterpart to the more rugged, truck-based mid-size 4Runner and became Toyota's best-selling SUV before being surpassed by the smaller RAV4 in 2006.

The first-generation model was sold in Japan as the Kluger, which was exclusive to dealership network called Toyota Netz as a larger alternative to the RAV4. The Kluger nameplate is also used in Australia because "Highlander" is a trademarked trim line name owned by Hyundai. The name is derived from the German word klug, which means smart or clever (Klüger – with diacritics – means "someone who is smarter than another" in German).[2]

First generation (XU20; 2000)

First generation (XU20)
2001-2003 Toyota Highlander Limited -- 10-12-2011.jpg
2001–2003 Toyota Highlander Limited (MCU20)
Overview
Also calledToyota Kluger (Japan and Australia)
ProductionNovember 2000 – May 2007[3]
Model years2001–2007
AssemblyJapan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Toyota Motor Kyushu)[3]
Body and chassis
PlatformToyota K platform
Related
  • Lexus RX/Toyota Harrier (XU30)
  • Toyota Sienna (XL20)
Powertrain
Engine
  • Gasoline:
  • 2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4
  • 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6
  • 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6
Transmission
  • 4-speed U140E/140F/241E automatic
  • 5-speed U151E/F automatic
  • CVT (Hybrid)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,715 mm (106.9 in)
Length4,681–4,714 mm (184.3–185.6 in)
Width1,826 mm (71.9 in)
Height1,679–1,750 mm (66.1–68.9 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight1,716 kg (3,784 lb)
Chronology
SuccessorToyota Vanguard (XA30) (for Kluger, Japan)

The Highlander (or Kluger in Japan and Australia) shared a platform with its XU30 series Lexus RX/Toyota Harrier cousin. It came in five (2001–2007) and seven-seat (2004–2007) configurations and became a sales success for Toyota in a number of markets across the world. The Highlander came standard with front-wheel drive and offered all-wheel drive (50:50 front:rear fixed torque split). Unlike Toyota's own 4Runner and other mid-sized competitors such as the Jeep Grand Cherokee, or Chevrolet TrailBlazer, the Highlander aimed for on-road comfort with its unibody construction and independent rear suspension. Although it was longer than the 1996–2002 4Runner available at the time it was launched, the Highlander was surpassed in length by the redesigned 4Runner in August 2002.

The Highlander was available in three trim lines in the United States: the base model, the Sport model, and the Limited model. The base and Limited models were present when the Highlander was initially introduced, while the Sport model was introduced in March 2006.

In 2004, the wheels on the Limited trim changed from a six-spoke to a five-spoke alloy. The base-model Highlander wheels also changed from steel-rims to the alloy wheels that were on the 2001–2003 model year Highlander Limited and B-Package. The Sport models had a distinctive grille design, differentiating themselves from the non-Sport models. Wheel styling also serves to differentiate the various models—the hybrid sports a unique twin-spoke design.

The Kluger was introduced to Australia in October 2003. It was available in three guises: CV, CVX, and Grande. A limited edition CV Sport model was also released in 2006. There was no hybrid model available in Australia. The only engine offered was the 3.3-liter 3MZ-FE V6. Typical fuel economy using the Australian standard testing regime is 12.3 L/100 km (23.0 mpg‑imp; 19.1 mpg‑US).

Engines:

  • 2001–2007 2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4,116 kW (155 hp; 157 PS)
  • 2001–2003 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6, 151 kW (203 hp; 206 PS)
  • 2004–2007 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6, 168 kW (225 hp; 228 PS)

The 3.0-liter engine was able to propel the Kluger from 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) in approximately 8.8 seconds. In 2004 the Kluger was given a new 3.3-liter V6 engine to compete with the more powerful V6 offerings from its competitors, mainly the Nissan Murano and the Honda Pilot. The larger engine made it possible for the Kluger to reach 0 to 97 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in 7.8 seconds.

2001 update

The Japanese and Australian Kluger was released with a center console integrated with the dashboard, while the North American Highlander initially lacked this integrated center console. The integrated center console was introduced in all US Highlanders and in Canadian Limited Highlanders in 2001, for the 2002 model year, and in all Canadian Highlanders in 2003, for the 2004 model year. However, for these early Highlanders without the integrated center console, a smaller non-integrated stand-alone center console was available as an option, either factory or dealer installed.

2003 update

2003–2007 Kluger Grande (Australia)

In 2003, for the 2004 model year, in addition to the 3.3-liter engine, V6-powered models were equipped with a new five-speed automatic transmission, replacing the four-speed automatic transmission, while the inline-four models continued to use the old four-speed. This year also saw the introduction of the optional third row seat allowing for two additional passengers. The center console, which was previously exclusive to the Limited trim level, was now standard across all trims. A DVD-based navigation system was introduced to the Highlander for the first time as an option on the Limited trim. The unibody was slightly modified behind the second row seats to include a depression in the hatch floor able to accommodate the optional third row seating. On models without third row seating, this depression was turned into a storage compartment (prior to 2004 the spare tire was accessible from inside the vehicle where the third row seating would subsequently be located; beginning in 2004 the spare tire is accessible from underneath the vehicle). Subtle changes to the front grille, front and rear bumpers, headlights and tail lights (LED tail lights on later hybrid models) round-out the major changes for the 2003 mid-cycle refresh.

2005 update

In 2005, for the 2006 model year, Highlanders sold in Canada were offered only in a V6 all-wheel drive configuration. Hybrid models were available with part-time four-wheel drive, which Toyota refers to as 4WD-i whereby the rear wheels are powered by a separate electric motor. This system is intended for use on snow and ice and is prone to overheating the rear electric motor off-road.[4]

Safety

Anti-lock brakes, brake assist and electronic brakeforce distribution were standard, Vehicle Stability Control w/traction control optional on 2001–03 models became standard for 2004 models (Hybrids come standard with VDIM). Also standard for 2004 was a tire pressure monitor. Front seat-mounted side torso airbags were optional on 2001–06 models, while front and second row side curtain airbags were optional on 2004–06 models. Side airbags became standard on 2007 models and the curtain airbags gained a rollover sensor that year as well.

NHTSA crash test ratings, no side airbags (2002):[5]
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Rear Passenger:
Rollover:
NHTSA crash test ratings, no side airbags (2004):[6]
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Rear Passenger:
Rollover (2005):[7]

In Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) crash tests the Highlander was rated "Good" overall in the frontal offset crash test.[8] The IIHS reported the Highlander had one of the lowest driver fatality rates among all vehicles, and amongst SUVs, only the Toyota 4Runner had a lower driver fatality rate. This report looked at 2001–2005 model year vehicles in the US.[9]

Hybrid (MHU28, 2005)

Highlander Hybrid Limited
Highlander Hybrid

Initially, the Kluger was a regular, non-hybrid SUV driven by an internal combustion engine, but later Toyota introduced a hybrid version, the Kluger Hybrid that utilizes the company's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology combined with the company's 3MZ-FE 3.3-liter V6 engine offered in either FWD or AWD trim. The hybrid drivetrain was unveiled at the 2004 North American International Auto Show, and was offered to the public in July 2005 as a 2006 model. The power steering pump, water pump and AC compressor were changed from belt-drive to electrically powered versions. A modified alternator was incorporated into the hybrid system.

In North America, the hybrid version was called the Highlander Hybrid. It was also the first seven-seat hybrid vehicle.[10] With the electric motors providing power, overall acceleration improved, particularly at passing speeds. Other additions include Toyota's Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system and Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB). The California Air Resources Board gave it a SULEV emission rating. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (revised standards) rated it at 8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp (28 mpg‑US) City/9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp (25 mpg‑US) Highway for FWD models and 8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg‑imp (27 mpg‑US)/9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp (25 mpg‑US) for AWD models. This system is near identical to that of the Lexus RX 400h. All-wheel drive models were rated to tow 1,600 kg (3,500 lb).

Second generation (XU40; 2007)

Second generation (XU40)
2008-2010 Toyota Highlander Limited -- 03-16-2012.JPG
2008–2010 Toyota Highlander Limited (GSU40)
Overview
Also calledToyota Kluger (Australia)
Production
  • May 2007 – 2013
  • October 2007 – November 2013 (US)
Model years2008–2013
Assembly
  • Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Toyota Motor Kyushu)[3][11]
  • China: Guangzhou (GAC Toyota)[12]
  • United States: Princeton, Indiana (TMMI)
Designer
  • Ian Cartabiano (2005)[13]
  • Matthew Sperling, Peter Kim and Chung Lee (2010 facelift)[14]
Body and chassis
PlatformToyota K platform
Related
  • Lexus RX (AL10)
  • Toyota Sienna (XL30)
  • Toyota Venza (AV10)
Powertrain
Engine
  • Gasoline:
  • 2.7 L 1AR-FE I4
  • 2.7 L 3AR-FE I4 (China)
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6
  • 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6 (hybrid)
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 (hybrid)
Transmission
  • 5-speed U151E automatic
  • 6-speed U760E automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,789 mm (109.8 in)
Length4,785 mm (188.4 in)
Width1,910–1,918 mm (75.2–75.5 in)
Height1,730–1,760 mm (68.1–69.3 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight1,835 kg (4,045 lb)
Interior

Toyota revealed the second generation Highlander and Highlander Hybrid at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show, with American sales beginning in July and hybrids in late September.[15][16] The second generation Highlander and Highlander Hybrid were not sold in Japan. The five-seat Highlander for the United States and Canada was dropped as the Venza replaced it.

Initially the sole powertrain for the 2008 Highlander was a 201 kW (270 hp; 274 PS) 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 mated to a five-speed automatic. The four-cylinder model had been discontinued but added again in 2009. While the 3.5-liter engine has 41 kW (55 hp; 56 PS) more than the previous 3.3-liter V6 and dimensional increases along with increased sound proofing added nearly 225 kg (500 lb) to the vehicle's curb weight of approximately 1,815 kg (4,000 lb), fuel economy is slightly improved. The EPA estimated fuel economy for front-wheel drive models is at 13 L/100 km; 22 mpg‑imp (18 mpg‑US) city / 9.8 L/100 km; 29 mpg‑imp (24 mpg‑US) highway (last gen: 14 L/100 km; 20 mpg‑imp (17 mpg‑US) city / 10 L/100 km; 28 mpg‑imp (23 mpg‑US) hwy).[17]

For 2009, Toyota again offered a 4-cylinder for 5-passenger front-wheel drive models with the all-new ULEV-II certified 2.7-liter 1AR-FE I4 paired to a six-speed automatic. It generates 139 kW (187 hp; 190 PS) at 5,800 rpm and 252 N⋅m (186 lb⋅ft) of peak torque at 4,100 rpm on regular 87 octane fuel. The four-cylinder delivers an EPA estimated fuel economy of 12 L/100 km; 24 mpg‑imp (20 mpg‑US) city and 8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg‑imp (27 mpg‑US) highway.[18] This is better than the previous model's four-cylinder with 12 L/100 km; 23 mpg‑imp (19 mpg‑US)/9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp (25 mpg‑US).

The same three trim levels were offered (Base, Sport and Limited) until early 2010 when the SE model replaced the Sport model, buyers are still able to choose between front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive on V6 platforms. Also new is an Electric Power Steering (EPS) system. Sport and Limited models get a standard backup camera using a 3.5-inch LCD display. Major options include leather seats, heated seats, a touchscreen DVD based navigation system, a new Smart Key System, an upgraded JBL Synthesis stereo, a rear-seat DVD entertainment system with 9-inch screen, and a towing package that increases towing capacity to 5000 pounds.

The XU40 was initially produced exclusively at Toyota Motor Kyushu's Miyata plant for all global markets beginning in May 2007.[19][3][11][20] Production in China for local sales was started on 25 May 2009 by GAC Toyota in Nansha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong.[21] Toyota had intended on building the Highlander in Blue Springs, Mississippi for the North American market in the 2011 model year.[22] However, the Corolla was built there instead, and the Highlander is being built at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana in Princeton, Indiana, from the 2010 model year onward for a majority of North America, replacing Tundra production.[23] TMMI Highlander production began in October 2009 for gasoline engine models only; hybrids continued to be imported from Japan until the release of the third generation XU50, where all production except for China was consolidated at TMMI.

In Australia, the new generation Kluger was launched in August 2007. There are three trims available, KX-R, KX-S and Grande. All trims are available with either 2WD or AWD. The base model KX-R is also available with either five or seven seats, whilst the latter trims are seven seaters only. Specifications are mostly similar to the US Highlander, sharing the same 3.5-liter V6 2GR-FE engine and five-speed automatic transmission.

2010 update

In 2010, for the 2011 model year, Toyota made some changes to the Highlander and Highlander Hybrid. While the general design remains similar to the 2010 model, the Highlander's front end has been significantly revised, now featuring new headlights, a new black with chrome accent rocker panel, and new front grille. The non-hybrid engines for 2011 remain the same, although now the 2.7-liter four-cylinder engine may be had on the SE trim level, previously only available on the base model. More standard features are now equipped on all trim levels, with the base model receiving front and rear air conditioning, power locks/windows, cruise control, and a multi-function keyless entry control.[24] The facelifted model was also sold in Russia from 2010-2013.

Pre-facelift styling

  • Front

  • Rear

Post-facelift styling

  • Front

  • Rear (Kluger KX-R)

Safety

NHTSA crash test ratings (2008):[25]
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Rear Passenger:
Rollover:

All models come standard with enhanced Vehicle Stability Control which immediately alters electric powering steering assist w/traction control (hybrids come standard with VDIM), anti-lock brakes, brake assist and electronic brakeforce distribution. Also standard is a tire pressure monitor, a driver's knee airbag, front seat-mounted side torso airbags, side curtain airbags for all three rows which includes a rollover sensor and active front headrests. Hill Start Assist Control (HAC) is also standard which prevents rolling backwards on slopes, and Downhill Assist Control (DAC) is standard on AWD trims.

The IIHS rates the Highlander "Good" overall in their frontal offset crash test, and good in all subcategories except for "Head/neck," which is rated as "Acceptable."[26] And "Good" overall in the side impact crash test, with "Good" rating in all nine measured categories.[27] The Highlander is also rated "Good" in the roof strength test, giving it a "top safety pick" rating.[28]

In Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) testing the Kluger is given a 5/5 stars rating but only a 1/4 stars rating for pedestrian protection.[29]

The safety and effectiveness of the Highlander/Kluger's Vehicle Stability Control system has been questioned by some motoring journalists. During testing for Wheels magazine Car of the Year in 2007, the magazine's editor rolled the vehicle during high-speed gravel road testing. Noting that it was the first such event in the magazine's 45-year history, he criticised the vehicle's stability system stating that "Deficiencies in the Kluger's ESP contributed to the crash". Six of the seven other judges also stated that they felt "the vehicle's ESP performance was sub-standard", and remarked that the vehicle was "almost dangerous on dirt [roads]". In a written response, Toyota disputed the circumstances of the accident and criticised the testing procedures as "unscientific".[30][31]

Hybrid

Pre-facelift Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited (US)
Facelift Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited (US)
Pre-facelift Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited (Spain)

The Hybrid features Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive which continues to allow an electric only powered mode for short distances and speeds. Weight and cost have been improved over the previous hybrid.[32][33]

The expanded size and new features have led to an increase of 500 pounds to its curb weight. All Highlander Hybrids are all-wheel drive, and the EPA has rated the hybrid at 8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpg‑imp (27 mpg‑US) for the city and 9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp (25 mpg‑US) for the highway,[34] same as the previous model. The Highlander's fuel economy, while better than the Lexus RX 400h's, lags behind the compact 4cyl Ford Escape Hybrid, which ceased production in 2012, and the latest RX 450h, but still produces significantly fewer emissions than the non-hybrid version with a CARB SULEV rating.

The Highlander Hybrid continues to use the same 3.3-liter 3MZ-FE V6 (155 kW (208 hp; 211 PS)) offered in AWD from the prior model, net power is 175 kW (235 hp; 238 PS). VDIM and Electronically Controlled Brake remain new features include a driver selectable electric only EV mode (when possible) and another ECON mode which restricts acceleration and minimizes air conditioning during acceleration.[citation needed] The Highlander Hybrid Hybrid uses a 1.9 kWh sealed nickel-metal hydride traction battery.[35]

For the 2011 model year the Highlander Hybrid received styling changes and was upgraded with the 3.5-liter 2GR-FXE V6 (183 kW (245 hp; 248 PS)), increasing net power by 7 kW (10 hp; 10 PS), and a powertrain similar to the RX450h. The vehicle is now rated at 8 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp (28 mpg‑US) for the city, highway and combined cycles.

Highlander FCHV (2007)

The Highland FCHV was a test vehicle using compressed hydrogen gas, with average fuel economy of 109.9 km/kg (68.3 mi/kg) (approximate mpg equivalent).[36]

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2007 LA Auto Show.[37]

Chinese version

The Chinese version of the Highlander (ASU40/GSU45) was unveiled in 2009 at the 13th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition.[38]

Third generation (XU50; 2013)

Third generation (XU50)
2015 Toyota Kluger (GSU55R) GX wagon (2015-11-11) 01.jpg
2015 Toyota Kluger GX (GSU55; pre-facelift)
Overview
Also calledToyota Kluger (Australia)
Production
  • December 2013[39] – 2021
Model years
  • 2014–2019
  • 2014–2021 (China)
Assembly
  • United States: Princeton, Indiana (TMMI)
  • China: Guangzhou (GAC Toyota)[12]
DesignerMatt Sperling (2009)[40]
Body and chassis
PlatformToyota K platform
Related
  • Lexus RX (AL20)
  • Toyota Sienna (XL30)
Powertrain
Engine
  • Gasoline:
  • 2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 turbo (China)
  • 2.7 L 1AR-FE I4
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FE V6
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 (hybrid)
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 (2016–present)
Transmission
  • 6-speed U660E/760E automatic
  • 8-speed UA80E/UA80F automatic (2016–2019)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,789 mm (109.8 in)
Length4,854 mm (191.1 in)
Width1,925 mm (75.8 in)
Height1,730 mm (68.1 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight2,045 kg (4,508 lb)

On 27 March 2013, Toyota unveiled the third generation XU50 series Highlander at the New York International Auto Show, with plans to have the vehicle reach dealerships in early 2014. Production began on 5 December.[39] The XU50 version is longer and wider than the outgoing generation and its design has changed from its boxy look to one that is similar to other mid-size crossover SUVs.

  • Rear view (pre-facelift)

  • Interior

In addition to the changes, the XU50 featured seating for eight people with a sliding second-row point of entry that gives it 109 mm (4.3 in) of added width space, soft-touch materials on the instrument panel, lane-departure warning, pre-collision warning and blind spot monitoring systems. HD Radio and Bluetooth was standard on all trims for the US version, which will also come equipped with Toyota's Entune multimedia system along with a 6.1-inch touchscreen display audio system. An eight-inch touchscreen system and Toyota's Entune app suite with 12 JBL speakers were offered as an optional feature. The three powertrain trims that were offered include a 2.7-liter, six-speed automatic, front-wheel drive base model, a 3.5-liter, six-speed automatic model in both front- or all-wheel drive, and the AWD-only Hybrid trim with a 3.5-liter V6 mated to an eCVT.[41][42]

The Highlander is also approved for use as a New York City taxicab.[43]

For the third-generation model, Toyota Motor Sales USA took the role of producing the Kluger for Australia and New Zealand after Japanese production of the second-generation model ended in 2013.[44][45][46] When the model was replaced with the succeeding XU70 model in 2019, production in the US continued for exports to both countries until 2021.[citation needed]

2016 facelift

A refreshed 2017 model year Highlander appeared at the New York International Auto Show in March 2016 with sales starting in the fourth quarter of 2016.[47] In V6 powered models, an eight-speed automatic replaced the six-speeder and the revised V6 engine (now designated 2GR-FKS) added Toyota's D4-S direct injection fuel system.[48][49] The facelifted Highlander has an updated fascia with restyled headlights and tail lights, addition of SE trim, XLE and LE Hybrid trims, and updated exterior and interior colors.[50]

  • Front (LE)

  • Rear (GX)

Chinese market facelift styling

  • Front (Sport)

  • Rear (Sport)

Safety

2016 Toyota Highlander on NHTSA:[51]
Overall:
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Passenger:
Side Pole Driver:
Rollover AWD: 4/5 stars 16.9%
2015 Toyota Highlander on IIHS:[52]
Category Rating
Moderate overlap frontal offset Good
Small overlap frontal offset (driver) (2014–2015) Acceptable1
Small overlap frontal offset (passenger) Acceptable2
Side impact Good
Roof strength Good2
1 vehicle structure rated "Acceptable"
2 vehicle structure rated "Marginal"
3 strength-to-weight ratio: 5.40

Fourth generation (XU70; 2019)

Fourth generation (XU70)
2021 Toyota Highlander XLE AWD, front 12.12.20.jpg
2020 Toyota Highlander XLE AWD (GSU75)
Overview
Also called
  • Toyota Kluger (Australia)[53][54]
  • Toyota Crown Kluger (China, FAW Toyota)[55]
ProductionNovember 2019 – present
Model years2020–present
Assembly
  • United States: Princeton, Indiana (TMMI)
  • China: Guangzhou (GAC Toyota); Tianjin (FAW Toyota)
DesignerYoshikazu Saeki[citation needed]
Body and chassis
PlatformTNGA: GA-K[56][57]
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • Gasoline:
  • 2.0 L S20A-FTS turbo I4 (2022–present)
  • 2.4 L T24A-FTS turbo I4 (2022–present)
  • 2.5 L A25C-FKS I4 (China)
  • 2.5 L A25G-FKS I4 (Crown Kluger)
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 (2020–2022)
  • Gasoline hybrid
  • 2.5 L A25A-FXS I4
  • 2.5 L A25D-FXS I4 (China)
  • 2.5 L A25H-FXS I4 (Crown Kluger)
Electric motor2x Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 5NM + 40 kW (54 hp; 54 PS) 4NM (hybrid)
Power output
  • 218–220 kW (292–295 hp; 296–299 PS) (3.5 L)
  • 197.5 kW (265 hp; 269 PS) (2.4 L turbo)
  • 179–184 kW (240–247 hp; 243–250 PS) (2.5 L hybrid, total system output)
Transmission
  • 8-speed UA80F "Direct Shift" ECTi automatic
  • eCVT with sequential shift mode (hybrid)
Hybrid drivetrainPower-split (hybrid)
Battery1.6 kW·h Ni-MH (hybrid)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length4,950–5,014 mm (194.9–197.4 in)
Width1,930 mm (76.0 in)
Height1,730–1,755 mm (68.1–69.1 in)[58]
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight1,880–2,018 kg (4,145–4,450 lb)

The fourth-generation Highlander was unveiled at the New York International Auto Show on 17 April 2019. It is built on GA-K platform.[56][57][59][60][61] In the United States, the fourth-generation Highlander gasoline model went on sale on 18 December 2019 for the 2020 model year. Compared to the previous generation, there is increased cargo room behind the third row and support was added for both Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.[62]

In Europe, the Highlander Hybrid went on sale in January 2021, solely with a hybrid powertrain.[63] The Highlander for the UK market has been available since March 2021, a year later than the US models due to the extensive engineering work for right-hand-drive models,[64] while the Kluger for the Australian market became available since June 2021.[65][53] The Highlander was also launched across Gulf Cooperation Council countries around June and July 2020, where it's offered as a Hybrid only.[66][67] The Highlander Hybrid was also launched in South Korea on 25 July 2023.[citation needed]

  • Rear view

  • 2021 Highlander XSE

  • Interior

China

In China, the fourth-generation Highlander was launched on 19 April 2021 at the Auto Shanghai. The Highlander continued to be built and sold by GAC Toyota joint venture.[68] A twin model manufactured by FAW Toyota was launched simultaneously as the Crown Kluger (simplified Chinese: 皇冠陆放; traditional Chinese: 皇冠陸放; pinyin: Huángguàn Lùfàng). The Crown Kluger is based on the Highlander XSE sold in North America, with the Toyota badge on the front grille and steering wheel swapped for the Crown badge. Both are powered by a 2.5-liter engine with hybrid powertrain as an option.[55]

  • 2021 Toyota Crown Kluger (China)

North America

In North America, the fourth-generation Highlander is offered in L, LE, XLE, XSE, Limited, and Platinum grades. A 2.5-liter gasoline/electric hybrid four-cylinder engine and Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission (E-CVT) are available on all but L and XSE, and are standard equipment on the Bronze Edition grade. All grades are available with either Front Wheel Drive (FWD) or All Wheel Drive (AWD).

Yearly changes

  • 2020, for the 2021 model year: In North America, the XSE trim was added with a revised front fascia. The L, LE and XLE trims came with standard LED projector headlights and a standard Toyota Safety Sense 2.5+ for all trims.[69]
  • 2021, for the 2022 model year: In the US, the Bronze Edition of the Highlander Hybrid was unveiled for the 2022 model year. It builds on the XLE Hybrid trim.[70][71]
  • 2022, for the 2023 model year: The 2.4-liter T24A-FTS turbocharged four-cylinder engine replaced the 3.5-liter 2GR-FKS V6 engine option. In the US, this change was made due to the implementation of tougher automotive emission standards for the 2023 model year imposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The 2.4-liter unit has 22 kW (30 hp; 30 PS) less compared to the outgoing 3.5-liter unit, but has 17 percent more torque. In addition, Toyota claimed that the 2.4-liter unit cut NO
    x     and non-methane organic gas (NMOG) emissions by more than 50 percent.[72] The hybrid powertrain remains unchanged. In addition to the updated powertrain, the Highlander also received some equipment updates as well.[73][74]

Grand Highlander (AS10; 2023)

Main page: Engineering:Toyota Grand Highlander
2024 Grand Highlander XLE AWD

The Grand Highlander was introduced for the North American market on 8 February 2023 as a larger alternative to the regular Highlander. Sharing the nameplate and the GA-K platform, the Grand Highlander features entirely different exterior and interior styling.[75]

Sales

Year United States Australia China
Overall Hybrid[76] Highlander[77] Crown Kluger[78]
2001 86,700 N/A
2002 113,134[79] N/A
2003 120,174 N/A 1,380[80]
2004 133,077[81] N/A 7,655[80]
2005 137,409 17,989 7,160[82]
2006 129,794[83] 31,485 4,973[82]
2007 127,878 22,052 7,886[84]
2008 104,661[85] 19,441 13,424[84]
2009 83,118[86] 11,086 12,848[87] 35,410
2010 92,121 7,456[88] 13,117[87] 80,841
2011 101,252 4,549[89] 11,692[90] 94,633
2012 121,055[91] 5,921[92] 13,239[90] 75,059
2013 127,572[93] 5,070[92] 12,668[94] 95,216
2014 146,127[95] 3,621[96] 11,484[97] 84,490
2015 158,915[98] 4,015[99] 13,955[100] 75,205
2016 191,379[101] 5,976[102] 11,829[103] 92,000
2017 215,775[104] 16,864[105] 12,509[106] 100,244
2018 244,511[107] 14,513[108] 14,743[109] 104,856
2019 239,438[108] 18,248[108] 11,371[110] 98,506
2020 212,276[111] 48,455 8,403[112] 95,304
2021 264,128[113] 65,167[113] 9,320[114] 107,733 25,893
2022 222,805[115] 43,711 12,562 [116]

References

  1. ↑ "2015 Toyota Highlander release date" (Press release). US: Toyota. 19 April 2000. Archived from the original on 7 August 2014.
  2. ↑ Butler, Glenn (1 October 2003). "Toyota Kluger (2003–)". Carpoint.com.au. http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2003/large-passenger/toyota/kluger/toyota-kluger-2003-4401. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc.". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_kyushu.html. 
  4. ↑ "The Globe and Mail article". https://www.theglobeandmail.com/auto/article894067.ece. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
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  8. ↑ "IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Highlander". Iihs.org. 23 October 2006. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=138. 
  9. ↑ "Status Report". US: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 19 April 2007. http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr4204.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "2006 Toyota Highlander Hybrid". Edmunds.com. 9 March 2010. http://www.edmunds.com/toyota/highlander-hybrid/2006/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mathioudakis, Bryon (20 January 2009). "Australian-made Kluger edges closer". GoAuto. http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/6DB6F4C4EE391317CA2575430083A6B9. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "GAC Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.". GAC Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.. http://www.gac-toyota.com/. 
  13. ↑ Cartabiano, Ian Richard; Kenji Kido & Shuusaku Kodama, "Automobile and/or toy replica thereof", US patent D566620, published 2008-04-15, assigned to Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.
  14. ↑ Sperling, Matthew; Peter Kim & Chung Lee, "Automobile and/or toy replica thereof", US patent D637110, published 2011-05-03, assigned to Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.
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  17. ↑ "2008 Toyota Highlander Specs". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/toyota/highlander/2008/specs/. 
  18. ↑ "2010 TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2WD". fueleconomy.gov. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=29747. 
  19. ↑ Roth, Dan (3 May 2008). "Toyota halts 2008 Highlander sales as part of recall". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/05/03/toyota-halts-2008-highlander-sales-as-part-of-recall/. 
  20. ↑ "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Affiliates (other vehicle assembly cos.)". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/other.html. 
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  26. ↑ "IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Highlander". Iihs.org. 25 November 2008. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=843. 
  27. ↑ "IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Highlander". Iihs.org. 25 November 2008. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=871. 
  28. ↑ "Roof strength evaluations: Midsize SUVs". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/roof/detailsbyclass.aspx?55. 
  29. ↑ "Vehicle Crash Report". ANCAP. http://www.ancap.com.au/results/286/. 
  30. ↑ Bulmer, Ged; Newton, Bruce (February 2008). "Crash Tackled". Wheels (Sydney): 54–55, 78–79. http://www627.megaupload.com/files/16707ecdde7d1144e32835f76add8425/wheels%20kluger.pdf. 
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  32. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (7 February 2007). "Chicago Auto Show: 2008 Toyota Highlander Hybrid, now with EV ONLY mode!". AutoblogGreen. http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/02/07/chicago-auto-show-2008-toyota-highlander-hybrid-now-with-ev-on/. 
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  35. ↑ Pihl, Josh (January 2014). "Table 33. Batteries for Selected Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Model Years 2013-2014". Oak Ridge National Laboratory. http://cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport/spreadsheets/T33_Batteries_for_Selected_HEV_Vehicles_2013_2014.xls. 
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  37. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (14 November 2007). "LA 2007: Toyota Fuel Cell Highlander runs 2300 miles from Fairbanks to Vancouver". Green.autoblog.com. http://green.autoblog.com/2007/11/14/la-2007-toyota-fuel-cell-highlander-runs-2300-miles-from-fairba/. 
  38. ↑ "China-made RAV4, Highlander to Debut in Shanghai" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 15 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
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  40. ↑ Schuh, Andrew (13 August 2013). "Who Designed the 2014 Toyota Tundra?". Four Wheeler. http://www.fourwheeler.com/features/1309-who-designed-the-2014-toyota-tundra/. 
  41. ↑ Miersm, Seyth (27 March 2013). "2014 Toyota Highlander Greets The World With NYC Debut". Autoblog (US). http://www.autoblog.com/2013/03/27/2014-toyota-highlander-new-york-2013/. 
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  43. ↑ "Taxicab vehicles in use". NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission. The City of New York. http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/html/industry/taxicab_vehicles_in_use.shtml. 
  44. ↑ "Toyota Kluger production to shift to US from 2013" (in en-AU). 2012-02-12. https://www.drive.com.au/news/toyota-kluger-production-to-shift-to-us-from-2013/. 
  45. ↑ "Kluger | North America Export". http://www.toyotanae.com/kluger.html. 
  46. ↑ COSTELLO, GoAutoMedia-MIKE. "RHD Toyota Kluger was no certainty" (in en). https://www.goauto.com.au/news/toyota/kluger/rhd-toyota-kluger-was-no-certainty/2014-01-17/6798.html. 
  47. ↑ Korzeniewski, Jeremy (14 March 2016). "2017 Toyota Highlander rolls into New York Auto Show". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2016/03/14/2017-toyota-highlander-new-york-7890/. 
  48. ↑ Lorio, Joe (March 2016). "Updated 2017 Toyota Highlander Revealed". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2017-toyota-highlander-official-photos-and-info-news. 
  49. ↑ Ruhi, Joaquín (31 August 2015). "From FSE to FKS: the evolution of Toyota's 2GR 3.5-liter V6". Kaizen Factor. http://kaizen-factor.com/from-fse-to-fks-the-evolution-of-toyotas-2gr-3-5-liter-v6/. 
  50. ↑ "Toyota's Debut of 2017 Highlander Mid-Size SUV to Showcase Significant Performance Updates" (Press release). Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 14 March 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
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  52. ↑ "2015 Toyota Highlander Midsize SUV". US: IIHS. https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/Toyota/highlander-4-door-suv/2015. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Dowling, Joshua (11 May 2020). "Toyota Kluger Hybrid confirmed for Australia". CarAdvice (Australia). https://www.caradvice.com.au/849120/toyota-kluger-hybrid-confirmed-for-australia/. 
  54. ↑ Weekes, Alistair (13 January 2022). "2021 Toyota Highlander Limited | Car Review". DriveLife. New Zealand. https://www.drivelife.co.nz/2022/01/2021-toyota-highlander-limited-car-review/. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Toyota's new Crown SUV is a Highlander in disguise - Auto News" (in en). 2021-04-19. https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/toyota-s-new-crown-suv-is-a-highlander-in-disguise.html. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "World Premiere of All-New 2020 Highlander at New York International Auto Show" (Press release). US: Toyota. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
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  58. ↑ "Toyota Kluger specifications". https://www.toyota.com.au/-/media/toyota/main-site/vehicle-hubs/kluger/files/kluger_spec_data_mar22.pdf. 
  59. ↑ Priddle, Alisa (17 April 2019). "2020 Toyota Highlander First Look: You're A Highlander?". MotorTrend (US). https://www.motortrend.com/cars/toyota/highlander/2020/2020-toyota-highlander-first-look-review/. 
  60. ↑ Collins, Andrew P. (17 April 2019). "The 2020 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Gets 34 MPG And A Big New Touchscreen". Jalopnik (US). https://jalopnik.com/the-2020-toyota-highlander-hybrid-gets-34-mpg-and-a-big-1834099847. 
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  63. ↑ Leichsenring, Stefan (21 January 2021). "Toyota Highlander (2021): So viel kostet das große SUV für Europa" (in German). Motor1 (Germany). https://de.motor1.com/news/420988/toyota-highlander-2021-siebensitzer-suv-hybrid-allradantrieb/. 
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  66. ↑ Thomas, Sony (2020-06-15). "Toyota brings the Highlander SUV to the UAE". Gulf News (Dubai). https://gulfnews.com/auto/news/toyota-brings-the-highlander-suv-to-the-uae-1.1592228186288. 
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  70. ↑ Segura, Eleonor (26 May 2021). "2022 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition: Bronze Is the New Black". MotorTrend (US). https://www.motortrend.com/news/2022-toyota-highlander-hybrid-bronze-edition/. 
  71. ↑ "Toyota Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition | Command Attention in Bronze". US: Toyota. https://www.toyota.com/upcoming-vehicles/highlander-hybrid-bronze-edition/. 
  72. ↑ "2023 Toyota Highlander Goes Turbo, Packs 265 HP And New Tech" (in en-US). 2022-05-11. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/05/2023-toyota-highlander-goes-turbo-packs-265-hp-and-new-tech/. 
  73. ↑ "2023 Toyota Highlander Revs Up Driving with New Turbocharged Engine" (Press release). US: Toyota. 2022-05-11. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
  74. ↑ Capparella, Joey (2022-05-11). "2023 Toyota Highlander Replaces V-6 with 2.4L Turbo-Four". US. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a39957540/2023-toyota-highlander-turbo-engine/. 
  75. ↑ "2024 Toyota Grand Highlander three-row gets up to 362 hp" (in en). 9 February 2023. https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1138709_2024-toyota-grand-highlander-revealed. 
  76. ↑ "U.S. Department of Energy HEV sales figures". http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/data/docs/hev_sales.xls. 
  77. ↑ "Toyota Highlander China auto sales figures" (in en-US). 2015-04-22. https://carsalesbase.com/us-toyota-highlander/. 
  78. ↑ "Toyota Crown Kluger China auto sales figures" (in en-US). 2021-09-19. https://carsalesbase.com/china-toyota-crown-kluger/. 
  79. ↑ "Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row". Theautochannel.com. 17 November 2004. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Gasnier, Matt (January 3, 2005). "Australia 2004: Commodore undisputed leader". https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2005/01/australia-2004-commodore-undisputed-leader/. 
  81. ↑ "Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/04/205039.html. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Gasnier, Matt (January 2, 2007). "Australia 2006: Commodore limits fall thanks to new gen, Falcon down to #3!". https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2007/01/australia-2006-commodore-limits-fall-thanks-to-new-gen/. >
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  88. ↑ Berman, Brad (7 January 2011). "December 2010 Dashboard: Year End Tally". Hybrid Cars (US). http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2010/. 
  89. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (9 January 2012). "December 2011 Dashboard: Sales Still Climbing". Hybrid Cars (US). http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2012-dashboard. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Gasnier, Matt (January 5, 2013). "Australia Full Year 2012: Mazda3 leads again in record market, no local model on podium for the first time since 1930s!". https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2013/01/australia-full-year-2012-mazda3-leads-again-in-record-market-no-local-model-on-podium-for-the-first-time-since-1930s/. 
  91. ↑ "December 2012 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 3 January 2013. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
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  93. ↑ "December 2013 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 3 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  94. ↑ Gasnier, Matt (January 16, 2014). "Australia Full Year 2013: Toyota Corolla finally tops record market". https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2014/01/australia-full-year-2013-toyota-corolla-finally-tops-record-market/. 
  95. ↑ "December 2014 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  96. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (6 January 2015). "December 2014 Dashboard". US: Hybrid Cars. http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2014-dashboard/. 
  97. ↑ "2014 car sales: winners and losers | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/328099/2014-car-sales-winners-and-losers/. 
  98. ↑ Bunkley, Nick (5 January 2016). "Trucks lift Toyota, Lexus". Automotive News. http://www.autonews.com/article/20160105/RETAIL01/301059951/trucks-lift-toyota-lexus. 
  99. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (6 January 2016). "December 2015 Dashboard". US: Hybrid Cars. http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2015-dashboard/. 
  100. ↑ "2015 VFACTS winners and losers: All-time Australian new vehicle sales record set - UPDATE | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/406917/2015-vfacts-winners-and-losers-all-time-australian-new-vehicle-sales-record-set/. 
  101. ↑ "December 2016 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  102. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (5 January 2017). "December 2016 Dashboard". US: Hybrid Cars. http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2016-dashboard/. 
  103. ↑ "2016 VFACTS wrap: New sales record set, winners and losers detailed | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/511197/2016-vfacts-wrap-new-sales-record-set-winners-and-losers-detailed/. 
  104. ↑ "December 2017 Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  105. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (4 January 2018). "December 2017 Dashboard". Hybrid Cars (US). http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2017-dashboard/. 
  106. ↑ "VFACTS: Industry claims annual record for 2017 | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/612213/vfacts-industry-claims-annual-record-for-2017/. 
  107. ↑ "December 2018 Sales Chart" (Press release). US: Toyota. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 "Toyota Motor North America Reports December 2019, Year-End Sales" (Press release).
  109. ↑ "VFACTS: 2018 annual sales wrap | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/714908/vfacts-2018-annual-sales-wrap/. 
  110. ↑ "VFACTS: 2019 new car sales results | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/817278/vfacts-2019-new-car-sales-results/. 
  111. ↑ "Toyota Motor North America Reports December 2020, Year-End Sales" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 2021-01-05.
  112. ↑ Hilliard, Justin (9 January 2021). "Top 100 new cars sold in Australia in 2020". CarsGuide. https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/top-100-new-cars-sold-in-australia-in-2020-82038. 
  113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 "Toyota Motor North America Reports U.S. December, Year-End 2021 Sales" (Press release). US: Toyota. 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  114. ↑ Davis, Brett (2022-01-06). "Australian vehicle sales for December 2021 (VFACTS)" (in en-AU). https://performancedrive.com.au/australian-vehicle-sales-for-december-2021-vfacts-0701/. 
  115. ↑ "Toyota Motor North America Reports Year-End 2022 U.S. Sales Results" (Press release). US: Toyota. 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  116. ↑ Toscano, David (2023-02-05). "Toyota HiLux is Australia's top-selling car for 2022 as Kia, MG, Mitsubishi and Tesla sales jump". https://www.racv.com.au/royalauto/transport/cars/australian-new-car-sales-2022.html. 

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Legend/Notes
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