Medicine:Powassan encephalitis
| Powassan encephalitis |
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Powassan encephalitis, caused by the Powassan virus (POWV), a flavivirus also known as the deer tick virus, is a form of arbovirus infection that results from tick bites. It can occur as a co-infection with Lyme disease, as both are transmitted to humans by the same species of tick.[1] Over the last decade, there has been a surge in the number of cases and an expansion of its geographic range. In the United States , cases have been documented primarily in the northeast.[2] The disease was first isolated from the brain of a boy who died of encephalitis in Powassan, Ontario, in 1958.[3] This disease is classified as a zoonosis, originating in animals, often found in rodents and ticks, with subsequent transmission to humans. The virus shares antigenic similarities with the Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis viruses.[4]
Presentation
Symptoms manifest within 7–10 days and include fever, headache, partial paralysis, confusion, nausea and even coma.[citation needed]
Diagnosis
Treatment
There is currently no established treatment.[5]
Prognosis
Half of all cases results in permanent neurological damage and 10-15% result in death.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ Caulfield, AJ; Pritt, BS (December 2015). "Lyme Disease Coinfections in the United States.". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 35 (4): 827–46. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.07.006. PMID 26593260.
- ↑ "Cumulative human disease cases reported to CDC ArboNET for 2015". United States Geological Survey. http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/mapviewer/.
- ↑ McLEAN, DM; DONOHUE, WL (1 May 1959). "Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis.". Canadian Medical Association Journal 80 (9): 708–11. PMID 13652010.
- ↑ CASALS, J (13 February 1960). "Antigenic relationship between Powassan and Russian spring-summer encephalitis viruses.". Canadian Medical Association Journal 82 (7): 355–8. PMID 13808112.
- ↑ "Increased recognition of Powassan encephalitis in the United States, 1999-2005". Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 8 (6): 733–40. December 2008. doi:10.1089/vbz.2008.0022. PMID 18959500.
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