Organization:Organization of Turkic States

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Short description: Eurasian intergovernmental organization
Flag of Organization of Turkic States Azerbaijani: Türk Dövlətləri Təşkilatı Hungarian: Türk Államok Szervezete Kazakh: Template:Lang-kk-Cyrl Kyrgyz: Түрк мамлекеттер уюму Turkish: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Turkmen: Türki döwletleriň guramasy Uzbek: Turkiy davlatlar tashkiloti
Flag
Emblem of Organization of Turkic States Azerbaijani: Türk Dövlətləri Təşkilatı Hungarian: Türk Államok Szervezete Kazakh: Template:Lang-kk-Cyrl Kyrgyz: Түрк мамлекеттер уюму Turkish: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Turkmen: Türki döwletleriň guramasy Uzbek: Turkiy davlatlar tashkiloti
Emblem
Motto: 
  Member states   Observer states
  Member states
  Observer states
Political centres
  • Azerbaijan Baku, Azerbaijana
  • Hungary Budapest, Hungaryb
  • Turkey Istanbul, Turkeyc
  • Ukraine Kyiv, Ukrained
  • Kazakhstan Astana, Kazakhstane
  • Kazakhstan Turkistan, Kazakhstanf
Largest cityIstanbul
Official languages
Working languagesEnglish
Other languages
Demonym(s)Turkic
TypeIntergovernmental organization[1]
Membership[2]
Leaders
• Secretary-General
Kyrgyzstan Kubanychbek Omuraliev
• Chairman
Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Honorary Chairman
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev
Establishment
• Nakhchivan Agreement
3 October 2009
• Last polity admitted
12 November 2021
Area
• Total
4,242,362 km2 (1,637,985 sq mi) (unranked)
Population
• 2023 estimate
160,616,392
Website
{{{1}}}
  1. Parliamentary Assembly
  2. Europe Office
  3. General Secretariat
  4. Regional Diaspora Center
  5. Turkic Academy
  6. Spiritual capital

The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising prominent independent Turkic countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. It is an intergovernmental organization whose overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among Turkic-speaking states. First proposed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009, in Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is in Istanbul.

Hungary, Northern Cyprus and Turkmenistan are observer states to the organization.[3]

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured, with the name Turkic Council being changed to Organization of Turkic States.[4][5][6][7]

History

The organization was established on 3 October 2009 as the Cooperation Council of the Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council), by the Nakhchivan Agreement signed among Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey. According to Halil Akıncı, the founding Secretary-General of the organization, the Turkic Council became the first voluntary alliance of Turkic states in history.[8]

In 2012, the flag of the Turkic Council was adopted at its 2nd Summit, which took place in Bishkek on 23 August 2012 and officially raised on 12 October 2012. The flag combines the symbols of the four founding member states: the light blue color of the flag of Kazakhstan which also evokes the traditional Turkic color of turquoise, the sun of the flag of Kyrgyzstan, the star of the flag of Azerbaijan and the crescent of the Turkish flag.

On 30 April 2018, it was announced that Uzbekistan would join the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States[9] and attend the upcoming summit of the organisation in Bishkek.[10] It formally applied for membership on 12 September 2019.[11]

Since late 2018, Hungary has been an observer and may request full membership.[12] Turkmenistan received the observer status in 2021.[13]

In November 2021, the organization was renamed the Organization of Turkic States.[14]

Of great importance is the comprehensive structure of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World, in which local governments from 30 countries and regions are represented. 10 June, 2022 6th Congress of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World.[15]

In 2022, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was admitted to the organisation as an observer member.[16]

Purpose

Headquarters of The Organization of Turkic States.

Nominally, the Preamble of the Nakhchivan Agreement reaffirms the will of Member States to adhere to the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and defines the main objective of the Organization of Turkic States as further deepening comprehensive cooperation among Turkic Speaking States, as well as making joint contributions to peace and stability in the region and in the world. Member States have nominally confirmed their commitment to democratic values, human rights, the rule of law, and principles of good governance.

The Nakhchivan Agreement sets out the main purposes and tasks of the Organization as follows:

  • Strengthening mutual confidence and friendship among the Parties;
  • Developing common positions on foreign policy issues;
  • Coordinating actions to combat international terrorism, separatism, extremism and cross-border crimes;
  • Promoting effective regional and bilateral cooperation in all areas of common interest;
  • Creating favorable conditions for trade and investment;
  • Aiming for comprehensive and balanced economic growth, social and cultural development;
  • Expanding interaction in the fields of science, technology, education, health, culture, sports and tourism;
  • Encouraging interaction of mass media and other means of communication;
  • Strengthening cooperation and integration between member states;
  • Promoting exchange of relevant legal information and enhancing legal cooperation.[17]

Structure and operation

Main organs of the Organization of Turkic States include:[18]

  • Council of Heads of State
  • Council of Foreign Ministers
  • Senior Officials Committee
  • Council of Elders (Aksakals)
  • The Secretariat

The main decision-making and governing body of the Organization of Turkic States is the Council of Heads of State, which is presided over by the President whose country holds the chairmanship. The chairmanship rotates on an annual basis. All activities of the Organization of Turkic States are coordinated and monitored by its Secretariat, which is located in Istanbul in accordance with the Nakhchivan Agreement. Presidents meet once a year in a previously determined Turkic city. Senior officials, Aksakals, as well as other Ministers and government officials, all meet on a regular basis.

Affiliated bodies and organizations

The Turkic-speaking areas

OTS functions as an umbrella for organization like:

International cooperation

OTS is an observer at the Economic Cooperation Organization and has also applied for an observer status at the UN and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Besides, OTS maintains close cooperative relations with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.[citation needed]

Projects

Since its founding agreement defines comprehensive cooperation among Turkic states as the organization's main objective and raison d'être, the Organization of Turkic States is working on a variety of projects. The projects are grouped under six cooperation processes, which are: economy, culture, education, transport, customs, and diaspora. Examples of the projects include establishing the Turkic University Union[19] and writing a common history textbook. The Organization of Turkic States also works on ways to boost economic development in underdeveloped regions of Member States. The Secretariat brings together Economy Ministers, Education Ministers, Transport Ministers, Heads of Customs Administrations, and other senior officials from different ministries and agencies in order to work on ways to promote cooperation in relevant spheres. Prior to being brought before ministers and heads of administrations, projects and issues of cooperation are elaborated by working groups. One recently launched project is the establishment of a mechanism for closer cooperation among Turkic diasporas all over the world.

Joint investment fund

In November 2020, Kyrgyz Minister of Foreign Affairs Ruslan Kazakbaev pointed that Organization of Turkic States members have to strengthen their economic relations, they have to establish a joint investment fund and build its center on Kyrgyzstan on his meeting with Turkish Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu.[20] Baghdad Amreyev visited Minister of Treasury and Finance of Turkey Lütfi Elvan and sides talked about establishment of Joint Investment Fund.[21] In September 2021, on meeting of Turkic ministers responsible for the economy, sides negotiated about a Turkic Joint Investment Fund feasibility work and agreement to establish the fund.[22]

Common Alphabet

In September 2022, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Language Festival, the Organization of Turkic States decided to establish a "Common Alphabet Commission" within the body of OTS for a unified alphabet of the Turkic world. During the event, scientists from the Turkic states gave information about the alphabets and historical processes used in their own countries, and thus it was emphasized that the transition processes to the common alphabet should be accelerated, and the application should be widespread. The commission, which will hold its first meeting in Kyrgyzstan, will observe the work of the common alphabet and report to the Council of Elders.[23]

Simplified Customs Corridor

On 11 November 2022, in the city of Samarkand, the member countries of the Organization of Turkic States signed an agreement "On the establishment of simplified customs corridor".[24] Azerbaijan was the first member country to enact the agreement, in May 2023 the Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a law creating the simplified customs corridor.[25]

Summits

7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States in Baku

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the newly independent Turkic States of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as well as Turkey organized Summits of the Heads of Turkic Speaking States, the first of which took place in 1992 in Ankara. With the establishment of Turkic Council, at the 10th Summit it was decided to rename the top-level meetings to Turkic Council Summits.

Turkic Council Summit is the highlight of the year whereby Heads of State evaluate outcomes of the past period and set goals for the next year. The First Summit took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 20–21 October 2011 and focused primarily on economic cooperation. The Second Summit was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 22–23 August 2012 and concentrated on educational, scientific, and cultural cooperation. The Third Summit took place on 15–16 August 2013 in Qabala, Azerbaijan with a theme of transport and connectivity.[26]

On 15 October 2019, the Seventh Turkic Council Summit was organized in Baku with the participation of Presidents of member states Ilham Aliyev, Sooronbai Jeenbekov, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, as well as Purli Agamyradov as a guest, Viktor Orban as an observer and heads of Turkic cooperation institutions. The participants celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Agreement on the establishment of the Turkic Council in addition to Uzbekistan’s joining the organization as a full-fledged member. The title of Honorary Chairman of the Turkic Council was given to the former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. In the conclusion of the Summit, the Heads of States signed Baku Declaration. Besides, the presidency in the Council officially passed to Azerbaijan.[27][28]

Extraordinary Summit

The Extraordinary Summit of the Turkic Council focused on the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted through videoconferencing by the initiative of the chairman of the organization Ilham Aliyev on 10 April 2020. The conference titled "Cooperation and solidarity in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic" was held with the participation of the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus along with the head of states of the member countries. Participants discussed the measures taken at the national level to fight against the coronavirus epidemic, to improve multilateral cooperation in the field of healthcare, and to undertake the common challenges caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Exchanging views on the ways of overcoming negative effects of coronavirus on the national and global economies, they touched upon trade relations and continuous transportation and they entrusted the Ministries of Commerce and Transport of the member States with reviewing the process via videoconferencing and with presenting practical solutions for the free flow of goods among Turkic Council states across the Trans-Caspian Corridor.[29][30] An 18-point list of mutual priorities of all member nations was outlined in the Baku Declaration.[31]

Members

Current

Country Accession Population
(2018)[32][33] 		Area (km2) GDP (nominal)[34] GDP (PPP)[34]
(USD) Per capita ($) (Int$) Per capita (Int$)
 Azerbaijan Founder 9,949,537 86,600
 Kazakhstan 18,319,618 2,724,900
 Kyrgyzstan 6,304,030 199,900
 Turkey 82,340,088 783,562
 Uzbekistan 2019 32,476,244 447,400
Template:Country data Organization of Turkic States 154,894,053 4,242,362 1,594,537 10,300 5,074,665 32,760

Observer states

Country Accession Population
(2018)[32][33] 		Area (km2) GDP (nominal)[34] GDP (PPP)
(USD million) Per capita ($) (Int$) Per capita (Int$)
 Hungary[35] 2018 9,707,499 93,030
 Turkmenistan[13] 2021 5,850,901 491,210
 Northern Cyprus[36] 2022 382,836 3,355

Possible future members and observers

In 2020, Ukrainian Deputy Foreign Minister Emine Ceppar, who is of Crimean Tatar descent, stated Ukraine wanted to be an observer. Crimea, currently under Russian occupation, is the homeland of the Crimean Tatars.[37]

Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu announced that Turkmenistan, currently an observer state, could become a full member during the 2022 Organization of Turkic States summit.[38]

Former applicants

On 3 May 2021, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan officially applied for observer status.[39][40] But with the Taliban overthrowing the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan with its Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August that year, the status of its application for observer status is uncertain.

Events

# Date Location Notes Participation
Turkic Speaking States Summits Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Hungary Northern Cyprus
I 30 October 1992 Turkey Ankara First Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
— 12 July 1993 Kazakhstan Almaty the Almaty Agreement for founding TURKSOY O O O O O O No No
II 18 October 1994 Turkey Istanbul Second Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
III 28 August 1995 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Third Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
IV 21 October 1996 Uzbekistan Tashkent Fourth Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
V 9 June 1998 Kazakhstan Astana Fifth Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
VI 8 April 2000 Azerbaijan Baku Sixth Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H H No No
VII 26 April 2001 Turkey Istanbul Seventh Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H H O No No
VIII 17 November 2006 Turkey Antalya Eighth Turkic Speaking States Summit H H H H O No No No
— 21 November 2008 Turkey Istanbul the Istanbul Agreement for founding TURKPA O O O O No No No No
IX 3 October 2009 Azerbaijan Nakhchivan Ninth Turkic Speaking States Summit, the Nakhchivan Agreement for founding the Turkic Council H H H H O No No No
X 15 September 2010 Turkey Istanbul Tenth Turkic Speaking States Summit (The end of Non-Corporate Summits of Turkic-Speaking Countries State) H H H H H No No No
Turkic Council Summits
I 21 October 2011 Kazakhstan Almaty First Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Economic Area and Trade Area H H H O No No No No
II 23 August 2012 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Second Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Education, Science and Culture[41] H H H H No No No No
III 16 August 2013 Azerbaijan Qabala Third Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Transportation[42] H H H H No No No No
IV 5 June 2014 Turkey Bodrum Fourth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Tourism[43] H H H H H No No No
— 24 December 2014 Ukraine Kyiv Opening of the first Turkic Council Regional Diaspora Center[44] O O O O No No No No
V 11 September 2015 Kazakhstan Astana Fifth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Media and Information H H H O O No No No
VI 2 September 2018 Kyrgyzstan Cholpon Ata Sixth Turkic Council Summit H H H H No H H No
VII 15 October 2019 Azerbaijan Baku Seventh Turkic Council Summit H H H H O H H No
— 10 April 2020 Teleconference Extraordinary Video Summit[45] H H H H H H H No
— 31 March 2021 Teleconference Informal Video Summit[46] H H H H H H H No
VIII 12 November 2021 Turkey Istanbul Eighth Turkic Council Summit, organization status granted.[46][47] H H H H H H H No
Organization of Turkic States Summits
IX 11 November 2022 Uzbekistan Samarkand[48] First Organization of Turkic States Summit[49][50] H H H H O H H No
— 16 March 2023 Turkey Ankara Extraordinary Summit[51] H H H H O H H H
X 3 November 2023 Kazakhstan Astana Tenth OTS summit[52][53] H H H H O H H No
— April-May 2024 Azerbaijan Shusha Informal summit[54]
XI 2024 Kyrgyzstan Eleventh OTS summit [54]
H Head of state or government attended.
O Other officials attended.
Dark Red x.svg No attendees.

List of secretaries-general

No. Name Country of origin Took office Left office
1 Halil Akıncı Turkey 15 September 2010 16 September 2014
2 Ramil Hasan Azerbaijan 16 September 2014 3 September 2018
3 Baghdad Amreyev Kazakhstan 3 September 2018 11 November 2022
4 Kubanychbek Omuraliev Kyrgyzstan 11 November 2022 incumbent

List of chairmen

According to article 8 of the Nakhchivan Agreement, the state that hosts the regular summit, will assume the chairmanship until next meeting.[55]

No. Name Country of origin Took office Left office
1 Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan 21 October 2011 23 August 2012
2 Almazbek Atambayev Kyrgyzstan 23 August 2012 16 August 2013[56]
3 Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijan 16 August 2013[56] 5 June 2014
4 Abdullah Gül Turkey 5 June 2014 28 August 2014
5 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 28 August 2014 11 September 2015
(1) Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan 11 September 2015 3 September 2018
6 Sooronbay Jeenbekov Kyrgyzstan 3 September 2018[57] 15 October 2019
(3) Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijan 15 October 2019[58] 12 November 2021[59]
(5) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turkey 12 November 2021[59] 11 November 2022
7 Shavkat Mirziyoyev Uzbekistan 11 November 2022[60] 3 November 2023
8 Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kazakhstan 3 November 2023[61] incumbent

Leaders of member states

See also

  • Azerbaijan–Organization of Turkic States relations
  • List of international organizations based in Istanbul
  • World Turks Qurultai

References

  1. ↑ "Organization of Turkic States". https://turkicstates.org/en/turk-konseyi-hakkinda. 
  2. ↑ "TURKSOY Official Web Site". Turkkon.org. http://www.turkkon.org/. 
  3. ↑ "Turk Dili Konusan Ulkeler Isbirligi Konseyi'nin Kurulmasina Dair Nahcivan Anlasmasi". Turkkon.org. http://turkkon.org/docs/02_a_NahcivanAnlasmasi_Turkce.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Turkic Council reforms into Organization of Turkic States". 12 November 2021. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkic-council-reforms-into-organization-of-turkic-states-51608. 
  5. ↑ "Turkic grouping to change its name to Organization of Turkic States: Turkish FM". 12 November 2021. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkic-grouping-to-change-its-name-to-organization-of-turkic-states-turkish-fm-169303. 
  6. ↑ "Turkic Council's name changed to Organization of Turkic States". 13 November 2021. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/turkic-council-s-name-changed-to-organization-of-turkic-states/2419633. 
  7. ↑ ""We are changing the name of the Turkic Council to the Organization of Turkic States"". 12 November 2021. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/we-are-changing-the-name-of-the-turkic-council-to-the-organization-of-turkic-states. 
  8. ↑ Akıncı, Halil (1 November 2021). "Türk Dünyasının Jeopolitiği ve Türk Dış Politikasındaki Yeri" (in tr). Kriter Dergi. https://kriterdergi.com/dosya-turk-dunyasi/turk-dunyasinin-jeopolitigi-ve-turk-dis-politikasindaki-yeri. 
  9. ↑ "Uzbekistan decides to join 'Turkic alliance' during Erdogan's visit". hurriyetdailynews.com. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/uzbekistan-decides-to-join-turkic-alliance-during-erdogans-visit-131109. 
  10. ↑ "Uzbekistan decides to join 'Turkic alliance' during Erdogan's visit". Hurriyet Daily News. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/uzbekistan-decides-to-join-turkic-alliance-during-erdogans-visit-131109. 
  11. ↑ "Uzbekistan Officially Applies for Membership in Turkic Council". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 September 2019. https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-officially-applies-for-membership-in-turkic-council/30162275.html. 
  12. ↑ "Hungary is now part of the assembly of "Turkic Speaking Countries"" (in en-US). 25 November 2018. https://hungarianfreepress.com/2018/11/25/hungary-is-now-part-of-the-assembly-of-turkic-speaking-countries/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "The Turkic world is on the edge of a historic revival". TRT world. https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/the-turkic-world-is-on-the-edge-of-a-historic-revival-30327. 
  14. ↑ "Revamped Turkic group 'adds to extreme uncertainty' at China's door" (in en). South China Morning Post. 26 December 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3161085/revamped-turkic-states-group-adds-extreme-uncertainty-chinas. 
  15. ↑ "T.C.CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI : "30 ülke ve bölgeden yerel yönetimin temsil edildiği Türk Dünyası Belediyeler Birliği'nin kuşatıcı yapısı önemlidir"". https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/138335/-30-ulke-ve-bolgeden-yerel-yonetimin-temsil-edildigi-turk-dunyasi-belediyeler-birligi-nin-kusatici-yapisi-onemlidir-. 
  16. ↑ "TRNC admitted to Organisation of Turkic States as observer member" (in en). 11 November 2022. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/trnc-admitted-to-organisation-of-turkic-states-as-observer-member-62455. 
  17. ↑ "Nakhchivan Agreement". 3 October 2019. https://www.turkkon.org/assets/pdf/temel_belgeler/nakhchivan-agreement-on-the-establishment-of-the-copperation-council-of-turkic-speaking-states-1-en.pdf. 
  18. ↑ "Organization Chart Principal organs of Organization of Turkic States". Turkkon. https://www.turkkon.org/en/organizasyon-semasi. 
  19. ↑ "Turkic University Union". https://www.turkkon.org/en/isbirligi-alanlari/education-science_4/turkic-university-union_14. 
  20. ↑ "Kyrgz and Turkish Ministers of Foreign Affairs meeting". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBNQHuPMhlM&t. 
  21. ↑ "Turkic Council official account's tweet". https://twitter.com/TurkicCouncil/status/1435232165609017344. 
  22. ↑ "Turkic Council Ministers in charge of economy got together". https://www.trtavaz.com.tr/haber/tur/avrasyadan/turk-konseyi-ekonomiden-sorumlu-bakanlari-bakude-bir-araya-geldi/613b44da01a30ac5ac8d9aa2. 
  23. ↑ Şafak, Yeni (22 October 2022). "Türk devletlerinden tarihi adım: Ortak Alfabe Komisyonu kuruldu" (in tr-TR). https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/turk-devletlerinden-tarihi-adim-ortak-alfabe-komisyonu-kuruldu-3865825. 
  24. ↑ "Между тюркскими государствами будет создан упрощенный таможенный коридор" (in ru). https://vesti.az/ekonomika/mezdu-tyurkskimi-gosudarstvami-budet-sozdan-uproshhennyi-tamozennyi-koridor-484792. 
  25. ↑ "Azerbaijan approves agreement on creation of simplified customs corridor between participants of Organization of Turkic States" (in en). 2 May 2023. https://www.azernews.az/nation/209345.html. 
  26. ↑ "Third Summit of the Turkic Council Press Release". Turkkon.org. http://www.turkkon.org/eng/icerik.php?no=159. 
  27. ↑ "Seventh Summit of Turkic Council held in Baku". https://www.turk-pa.org/en/content/news/turkpa_news/2317_seventh_summit_of_turkic_council_held_in_baku. 
  28. ↑ "Baku hosted 7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States VIDEO" (in en). https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Baku_hosted_7th_Summit_of_Cooperation_Council_of_Turkic_Speaking_States_VIDEO-1342668. 
  29. ↑ "Leaders of the Turkic Council held an Extraordinary Summit on 10 April 2020 on Corona Virus Epidemy". https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/leaders-of-the-turkic-council-held-an-extraordinary-summit-on-10-april-2020-on-corona-virus-epidemy_1991. 
  30. ↑ "Extraordinary Summit of Turkic Council held through videoconferencing on the initiative of President Ilham Aliyev" (in en). https://en.president.az/articles/36412. 
  31. ↑ "BAKU DECLARATION OF THE EXTRAORDINARY SUMMIT OF THE COOPERATION COUNCIL OF TURKIC SPEAKING STATES". https://www.turkkon.org/assets/pdf/haberler/the-declaration-of-the-extraordinary-summit-of-the-heads-of-state-of-the-turkic-council-1992-46.pdf. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" (in en). IMF. 5 April 2022. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=912,944,916,917,186,925,927,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1. 
  35. ↑ "Press Release of the Sixth Summit of the Turkic Council". Turkic Council. http://turkkon.org/en-US/press-release-of-the-sixth-summit-of-the-turkic-council/301/352/4874. 
  36. ↑ "Organization of Turkic States pledges observer status for Turkish Cyprus - Türkiye News" (in en). Hürriyet Daily News. 11 November 2022. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/summit-of-organization-of-turkic-states-kicks-off-in-samarkand-178419. 
  37. ↑ "Dışişleri Bakan Yardımcısı açıkladı". 22 August 2020. https://www.haberturk.com/ukrayna-turk-konseyinde-gozlemci-ulke-olmak-istiyor-2780830. 
  38. ↑ "Bakan Çavuşoğlu: Ekonominin güç merkezi Asya olmaya başladı" (in tr). https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/bakan-cavusoglu-ekonominin-guc-merkezi-asya-olmaya-basladi-42145530. 
  39. ↑ Hamdullah Mohib [@hmohib]. "Yesterday, Afghanistan proudly applied for observer status in the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States (CCTS)...". https://twitter.com/hmohib/status/1389569636975452165.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  40. ↑ "Secretary General of the Turkic Council received Afghan Ambassador". https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council-received-afghan-ambassador_2244. 
  41. ↑ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-second-summit-of-turkic-council-was-held-in-bishkek.en.mfa. 
  42. ↑ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-third-turkic-council-summit-meeting-was-held-in-gabala.en.mfa. 
  43. ↑ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". http://www.mfa.gov.tr/declaration-of-the-fourth-summit-of-the-cooperation-council-of-turkic-speaking-states_-5-june-2014_-bodrum_-turkey.en.mfa. 
  44. ↑ "Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler İşbirliği Konseyi". http://www.turkkon.org/en-US/turkic-council-regional-diaspora-center-is-opened-on-24-december-2014-in-kyiv/301/352/352/1123. 
  45. ↑ "Presidents of the Turkic Council will hold an Extraordinary Video Summit on 10 April 2020 on Corona Virus | News". https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/presidents-of-the-turkic-council-will-hold-an-extraordinary-video-summit-on-10-april-2020-on-corona-virus_1990. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Turkistan Declaration of the Informal Summit of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States". Turkic Council. 31 March 2020. https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/turkistan-declaration-of-the-informal-summit-of-the-cooperation-council-of-turkic-speaking-states_2220. 
  47. ↑ "The 8th Turkic Council Summit will take place on November 12, 2021 in Istanbul" (in tr). TWESCO. 27 July 2021. http://twesco.org/en/2021/07/27/8492/. 
  48. ↑ Məmmədov, Sadiq (2 August 2022). "Samarkand to host summit of Organization of Turkic States" (in en). https://www.news.az/news/samarkand-to-host-summit-of-organization-of-turkic-states. 
  49. ↑ "Uzbekistan to hold 1st Summit of Organization of Turkic States in 2022" (in ru). https://uzreport.news/politics/uzbekistan-to-hold-1st-summit-of-organization-of-turkic-states-in-2022. 
  50. ↑ "Organization of Turkic States discloses date and venue of next summit" (in en). Trend.Az. 9 February 2022. https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3552913.html. 
  51. ↑ "Turkic_States" (in en). https://twitter.com/Turkic_States/status/1632998420985126915. 
  52. ↑ "Ankara Declaration of the Extraordinary Summit of the organization of Turkic States". 16 March 2023. https://www.turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/haberler/ankara-declaration-2851-169.pdf. 
  53. ↑ "10th Summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Organization of Turkic States - Astana, Kazakhstan | Upcoming Events". https://www.turkicstates.org/en/gelecek-programlar/10th-summit-of-the-council-of-heads-of-state-of-the-organization-of-turkic-states-astana-kazakhstan_281. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 "Astana Declaration of the 10th Summit of the Organization of Turkic States". https://www.turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/haberler/astana-declaration-3113-215.pdf. 
  55. ↑ "Nakhchivan Agreement on the Establishment of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States". https://www.turkkon.org/assets/pdf/temel_belgeler/nakhchivan-agreement-on-the-establishment-of-the-copperation-council-of-turkic-speaking-states-1-en.pdf. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "21. asır Türk dünyasının asrı olmalı". www.aa.com.tr. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/21-asir-turk-dunyasinin-asri-olmali/225382. 
  57. ↑ "Press Release of the Sixth Summit of the Turkic Council | News". https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/press-release-of-the-sixth-summit-of-the-turkic-council_1670. "The Presidents wished success to the Kyrgyz President for the assumption of the Chairmanship of the Turkic Council." 
  58. ↑ "Chairman". https://www.turkkon.org/en/baskan. "During the Baku Summit held in October 2019, the Republic of Azerbaijan took over the Chairmanship from the Kyrgyz Republic until the next Summit to be held in the second half of 2020 in Turkey." 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Eighth Summit of the Organization of Turkic States was held in Istanbul | News". https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/eighth-summit-of-the-organization-of-turkic-states-was-held-in-istanbul_2394. "At the Summit, the Chairmanship of the Organization was handed over from Azerbaijan to Turkey..." 
  60. ↑ "Mirziyoyev awards Erdogan and Berdimuhamedov with Highest Order of Turkic World | News". https://akipress.com/news:685507:Mirziyoyev_awards_Erdogan_and_Berdimuhamedov_with_Highest_Order_of_Turkic_World/. 
  61. ↑ "10th summit of Organization of Turkic States starts in Kazakhstan". https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/10th-summit-of-organization-of-turkic-states-starts-in-kazakhstan/3042051. 

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