Physics:Matrix (mass spectrometry)

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In mass spectrometry, a matrix is a compound that promotes the formation of ions. Matrix compounds are used in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), and fast atom bombardment (FAB).

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MALDI is an ionization technique where laser energy is absorbed by a matrix to create ions from large molecules without fragmentation. The matrix, typically in excess, is mixed with the analyte molecule and deposited on a target. A table of matrix compounds, their structures, laser wavelengths typically used, and typical application is shown below.

MALDI Matrix List
Compound Abbreviation Structure Wavelength (nm) Applications
9-aminoacridine[1] 9AA 9-aminoacridine.png 337 lipids, metabolites
α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid[2] CHCA Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid.svg 337, 355 peptides, lipids, nucleotides
ferulic acid[3][4] FA Ferulic acid acsv.svg 337, 355, 266 proteins
2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid|[5] DHB Gentisinsäure.svg 337, 355 peptides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides
3-hydroxy picolinic acid[6] HPA 3 hydroxypicolinic acid.svg 337, 355 oligonucleotides
picolinic acid[7] PA Picolinic acid.svg 266 oligonucleotides
sinapinic acid[3][4] SA Sinapic acid.png 337, 355, 266 peptides, proteins, lipids

Matrix-assisted ionization

Matrix-assisted ionization is an ionization method in mass spectrometry that creates ions via the creation of particles at atmospheric pressure and transfer to the vacuum of the mass analyzer.[8]

List of Matrix-assisted Ionization Compounds[9]
Compound Abbreviation Structure
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid DHB Gentisinsäure.svg
2-aminobenzyl alcohol
anthranilic acid Anthranilsäure.svg
2-hydroxyacetophenone 2-hydroxyacetophenone.png

Fast atom bombardment

FAB uses a high energy beam of atoms directed at a surface to create ions.[10] FAB matrix compounds are typically liquids.

FAB Matrix List
Compound Abbreviation Structure
glycerol Glycerin Skelett.svg
thioglycerol Thioglycerol.png
3-nitrobenzyl alcohol NBA 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol.svg
18-crown-6 ether 18-c-6.png
2-nitrophenyloctyl ether NPOE Nitrophenoxyoctane.png
diethanolamine Diethanolamine.png
triethanolamine Triethanolamine.png

See also

  • Desorption/ionization on silicon

References

  1. ↑ Vermillion-Salsbury, Rachal L.; Hercules, David M. (2002). "9-Aminoacridine as a matrix for negative mode matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 16 (16): 1575–1581. doi:10.1002/rcm.750. ISSN 0951-4198. 
  2. ↑ Beavis, R. C.; Chaudhary, T.; Chait, B. T. (1992). "α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry". Organic Mass Spectrometry 27 (2): 156–8. doi:10.1002/oms.1210270217. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beavis, R. C.; Chait, B. T.; Standing, K. G. (1989). "Matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry using 355 nm radiation". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (12): 436–9. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290031208. PMID 2520224. Bibcode: 1989RCMS....3..436B. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beavis, R. C.; Chait, B. T.; Fales, H. M. (1989). "Cinnamic acid derivatives as matrices for ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of proteins". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (12): 432–5. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290031207. PMID 2520223. Bibcode: 1989RCMS....3..432B. 
  5. ↑ Strupat, K.; Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. (1991). "2,5-Dihidroxybenzoic acid: A new matrix for laser desorption—ionization mass spectrometry". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 72 (111): 89–102. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(91)85050-V. Bibcode: 1991IJMSI.111...89S. 
  6. ↑ Wu, K. J.; Steding, A.; Becker, C. H. (1993). "Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as an ultraviolet-sensitive matrix". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (2): 142–6. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290070206. PMID 8457722. Bibcode: 1993RCMS....7..142W. 
  7. ↑ Tang, K.; Taranenko, N. I.; Allman, S. L.; Cháng, L. Y.; Chen, C. H.; Lubman, D. M. (1994). "Detection of 500-nucleotide DNA by laser desorption mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (9): 727–30. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290080913. PMID 7949335. Bibcode: 1994RCMS....8..727T. 
  8. ↑ Peacock, Patricia M.; Zhang, Wen-Jing; Trimpin, Sarah (2017). "Advances in Ionization for Mass Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry 89 (1): 372–388. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04348. ISSN 0003-2700. 
  9. ↑ Li, Jing; Inutan, Ellen D.; Wang, Beixi; Lietz, Christopher B.; Green, Daniel R.; Manly, Cory D.; Richards, Alicia L.; Marshall, Darrell D. et al. (2012). "Matrix Assisted Ionization: New Aromatic and Nonaromatic Matrix Compounds Producing Multiply Charged Lipid, Peptide, and Protein Ions in the Positive and Negative Mode Observed Directly from Surfaces". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 23 (10): 1625–1643. doi:10.1007/s13361-012-0413-z. ISSN 1044-0305. Bibcode: 2012JASMS..23.1625L. 
  10. ↑ "Fast atom bombardment: a new mass spectrometric method for peptide sequence analysis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 101 (2): 623–31. 1981. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(81)91304-8. PMID 7306100. 



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