Physics:Yttrium-90

From HandWiki
Short description: Radioactive isotope of yttrium
Yttrium-90, 90Y
General
Symbol90Y
Namesyttrium-90, Y-90
Protons39
Neutrons51
Nuclide data
Half-life64.60±0.43 h[1]
Isotopes of Chemistry:yttrium
Complete table of nuclides

Yttrium-90 (90Y) is an isotope of yttrium.[2] Yttrium-90 has found a wide range of uses in radiation therapy to treat some forms of cancer.[3]

Decay

90Y undergoes β− decay to zirconium-90 with a half-life of 64.1 hours[3] and a decay energy of 2.28 MeV with an average beta energy of 0.9336 MeV.[4] It also produces 0.01% 1.7 MeV[5] photons during its decay process to the 0+ state of 90Zr, followed by pair production.[6] The interaction between emitted electrons and matter can lead to the emission of Bremsstrahlung radiation.

Production

Yttrium-90 is produced by the nuclear decay of strontium-90 which has a half-life of nearly 29 years and is a fission product of uranium used in nuclear reactors. As the strontium-90 decays, chemical high-purity separation is used to isolate the yttrium-90 before precipitation.[7][8]

Medical application

90Y plays a significant role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leukemia, and lymphoma, although it has the potential to treat a range of tumors.[9] Trans-arterial radioembolization is a procedure performed by interventional radiologists in which microspheres are impregnated with 90Y and injected into the arteries supplying the tumor.[10] The microspheres become lodged in blood vessels surrounding the tumor and the resulting radiation damages the nearby tissue.[11] Radioembolization with 90Y significantly prolongs time-to-progression (TTP) of HCC,[12] has a tolerable adverse event profile, and improves patient quality of life more than do similar therapies.[13] 90Y has also found uses in tumor diagnosis by imaging the Bremsstrahlung radiation released by the microspheres.[14] Positron emission tomography after radioembolization is also possible.[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Physical Review 93 (5): 1029. February 1, 1954. doi:10.1103/physrev.93.1029. ISSN 0031-899X. Bibcode: 1954PhRv...93.1029C. 
  2. ↑ DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's cancer: principles & practice of oncology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1 April 2008. p. 2507. ISBN 978-0-7817-7207-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=yrBI5zx69X8C&pg=PA2507. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Y-90 Handling Precautions". Berkeley Lab. http://www2.lbl.gov/ehs/html/pdf/yttrium90.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Live Chart of Nuclides". International Atomic Energy Agency. 2009. https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/NdsEnsdf/QueryForm.html. 
  5. ↑ "Optimization of Yttrium-90 Bremsstrahlung Imaging with Monte Carlo Simulations". 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering. 22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 2009. pp. 500–504. ISBN 9783540892083. https://books.google.com/books?id=83RUrYCMXOgC&pg=PA500. Retrieved 21 October 2013. 
  6. ↑ d'Arienzo, Marco (2013). "Emission of β+ Particles Via Internal Pair Production in the 0+ – 0+ Transition of 90Zr: Historical Background and Current Applications in Nuclear Medicine Imaging". Atoms 1 (1): 2–12. doi:10.3390/atoms1010002. Bibcode: 2013Atoms...1....2D. 
  7. ↑ "Generator-produced yttrium-90 for radioimmunotherapy". Journal of Nuclear Medicine 28 (9): 1465–70. September 1987. PMID 3625298. 
  8. ↑ "PNNL: Isotope Sciences Program - Yttrium-90 Production". PNNL. February 2012. http://radioisotopes.pnnl.gov/yttrium-90.stm. 
  9. ↑ "Yttrium-90 hepatic radioembolization: clinical review and current techniques in interventional radiology and personalized dosimetry". The British Journal of Radiology 89 (1062): 20150943. June 2016. doi:10.1259/bjr.20150943. PMID 26943239. 
  10. ↑ "Transarterial Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Advances in Therapy 33 (5): 699–714. May 2016. doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0324-7. PMID 27039186. 
  11. ↑ "Understanding SIR-Spheres Y-90 Resin Microspheres" (in en). https://www.ccalliance.org/blog/patient-support/understanding-sir-spheres-y-90-resin-microspheres. 
  12. ↑ "Y90 Radioembolization Significantly Prolongs Time to Progression Compared With Chemoembolization in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Gastroenterology 151 (6): 1155–1163.e2. December 2016. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.029. PMID 27575820. 
  13. ↑ "Increased quality of life among hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radioembolization, compared with chemoembolization". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 11 (10): 1358–1365.e1. October 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.028. PMID 23644386. 
  14. ↑ "Theranostic Imaging of Yttrium-90". BioMed Research International 2015: 481279. 2015-04-22. doi:10.1155/2015/481279. PMID 26106608. 
  15. ↑ Kao, Y. H.; Steinberg, J. D.; Tay, Y. S.; Lim, G. K.; Yan, J.; Townsend, D. W.; Takano, A.; Burgmans, M. C. et al. (2013). "Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT - part 1: Diagnostic reporting". EJNMMI Research 3 (1): 56. doi:10.1186/2191-219X-3-56. PMID 23883566. 

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