Software:AlmaLinux

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Short description: Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
AlmaLinux
AlmaLinux Icon Logo.svg
AlmaLinux 9.1 desktop.png
Screenshot of default desktop on AlmaLinux version 9.1, showing AlmaLinux homepage in Firefox.
DeveloperThe AlmaLinux OS Foundation
Written inC (kernel)
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial release30 March 2021; 3 years ago (2021-03-30)
|Final release|Latest release}}
9:9.3 / 13 November 2023 (8 months ago) (2023-11-13)
8:8.9 / 21 November 2023 (7 months ago) (2023-11-21)
Repositorygithub.com/AlmaLinux
Marketing targetServers, desktop computers, workstations, supercomputers
Update methodDNF
Package managerRPM
Platformsx86-64 AArch64 ppc64le s390x
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default user interfaceGNOME Shell, Bash
LicenseGPLv2 and others
Preceded byCentOS
Official websitealmalinux.org

AlmaLinux is a free and open source Linux distribution, developed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation, a 501(c) organization, to provide a community-supported, production-grade enterprise operating system that is binary-compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). The name of the distribution comes from the word "alma", meaning "soul" in Spanish and other Latin languages. It was chosen to be a homage to the Linux community.[1]

The first stable release of AlmaLinux was published on March 30, 2021,[2] and will be supported until March 1, 2029.[3] AlmaLinux is built using publicly-viewable and reproducible methods using the AlmaLinux Build System (ALBS), which is a customized build system whose source code, like the distribution itself, is publicly distributed and licensed under open-source licenses.

History

On December 8, 2020, Red Hat announced that development of CentOS, a free-of-cost downstream fork of the commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), would be discontinued and its official support would be cut short to focus on CentOS Stream, a stable LTS release without minor releases officially used by Red Hat to preview what is intended for inclusion in updates to RHEL.[4][5][6]

In response, CloudLinux – which maintains its own commercial Linux distribution, CloudLinux OS – created AlmaLinux to provide a community-supported spiritual successor to CentOS Linux, aiming for binary-compatibility with the current version of RHEL.[7] A beta version of AlmaLinux was first released on February 1, 2021,[8] and the first stable release of AlmaLinux was published on March 30, 2021.[2] AlmaLinux 8.x will be supported until 2029.[7] Numerous companies, such as ARM, AWS, Equinix, and Microsoft, also support AlmaLinux.[9] On March 30, 2021, the AlmaLinux OS Foundation was created as a 501(c) organization to take over AlmaLinux development and governance from CloudLinux, which has promised $1 million in annual funding to the project.[10]

Following the release of AlmaLinux 8.6, on June 20, 2022, the AlmaLinux OS Foundation released the AlmaLinux Build System (ALBS).[11]

In September 2022, the AlmaLinux OS Foundation held its first election,[12] announcing a board of 7 community-elected members on September 19.[13]

On December 7, 2022, it was announced that CERN and Fermilab would be providing AlmaLinux as the standard operating system for their experiments.[14]

3 weeks after June 21, 2023, Red Hat's announcement that new restrictions were put on their code,[15] Alma replied in a blog post that "the AlmaLinux OS Foundation board today has decided to drop the aim to be 1:1 with RHEL. AlmaLinux OS will instead aim to be binary compatible with RHEL"[16]

Build system

A diagram of the AlmaLinux Build System (ALBS)

The AlmaLinux Build System, commonly shortened to "ALBS", is the build system of AlmaLinux. It was first used to release version 8.6 (Sky Tiger), and has the capability of automating builds for the x86-64, AArch64, ppc64, and S390x architectures. The ALBS consists of five components: the Git Service, Release System, Sign Server, Test System, Build Node. Each component is governed by an overarching component known as the "Master Service", which is intended to be controlled via its own API.

Git Service

AlmaLinux's source code is directly sourced from Git code repositories of software packages that comprise Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Using a "listener" that monitors changes to existing repositories or additions of new repositories, the AlmaLinux Git Service pulls source code to its own publicly-available Gitea server instance. This public server's web interface also provides a view of build pipelines for each package. In addition, the service exposes an API that allows repositories to be directly consumed by the rest of ALBS.

Build Node

Corresponding with the Master Service, the Build Node's purpose is to perform the compilation of source code stored in the Git repositories to create RPM packages that can later be used as part of the distribution installation process. As artifacts of the build process, these pieces have a dedicated storage from which they can be further processed.

Test System

The AlmaLinux Test System (ALTS) tests RPM packages that exist as build artifacts. Using containerization technology, packages are given dedicated environments for which test suites can be exercised.

Release System and Sign Server

In order to ensure integrity, each software package that is released for the AlmaLinux distribution is digitally-signed using the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) cryptographic algorithm. The Sign Server simply takes artifacts created from the Build Node, signs them, and returns them back to artifact storage. From there, the Release System can upload them to release repositories.

Releases

AlmaLinux version Codename Architectures RHEL base Kernel AlmaLinux release date RHEL release date Delay (days)
scope="row" 8.3 Purple Manul x86-64 8.3 4.18.0-240 2021-03-30[2] 2020-11-03[17] 147 / 110 *
scope="row" 8.4 Electric Cheetah x86-64, ARM64 8.4 4.18.0-305 2021-05-26[18] 2021-05-18[17] 8
scope="row" 8.5 Arctic Sphynx x86-64, ARM64, ppc64le 8.5 4.18.0-348 2021-11-12,[19] 2022-02-25[20] 2021-11-09[17] 3
scope="row" 8.6 Sky Tiger x86-64, ARM64, ppc64le, s390x 8.6 4.18.0-372 2022-05-12[21] 2022-05-10[17] 2
scope="row" 8.7 Stone Smilodon 8.7 4.18.0-425 2022-11-10[22] 2022-11-09[17] 1
scope="row" 8.8 Sapphire Caracal 8.8 4.18.0-477 2023-05-18[23] 2023-05-16[17] 1
scope="row" 8.9 Midnight Oncilla 8.9 4.18.0-513.5.1 2023-11-21[24] 2023-11-14[17] 7
scope="row" 9.0 Emerald Puma 9.0 5.14.0-70.13.1 2022-05-26[25] 2022-05-17[17] 9
scope="row" 9.1 Lime Lynx 9.1 5.14.0-162.6.1 2022-11-17[26] 2022-11-15[17] 2
scope="row" 9.2 Turquoise Kodkod 9.2 5.14.0-284.11.1 2023-05-10[27] 2023-05-10[17] 0
scope="row" 9.3 Shamrock Pampas Cat 9.3 5.14.0-362.8.1 2023-11-13[28] 2023-11-07[17] 6
{{{2}}}

* AlmaLinux was announced 10 December 2020 (2020-12-10), first beta release was 53 days later.

See also

  • Fedora Linux and CentOS Stream, the upstream projects from which AlmaLinux descends
  • Rocky Linux, with development coordinated by the public benefit corporation, The Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation (RESF)

References

  1. ↑ "FAQ | AlmaLinux Wiki". https://wiki.almalinux.org/FAQ.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (March 30, 2021). "CloudLinux Launches AlmaLinux, CentOS Linux clone". ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloudlinux-launches-almalinux-centos-linux-clone. 
  3. ↑ "Release Notes | AlmaLinux Wiki". https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/. 
  4. ↑ "FAQ/CentOSStream - CentOS Wiki". https://wiki.centos.org/FAQ/CentOSStream. 
  5. ↑ Salter, Jim (2020-12-10). "CentOS Linux is dead—and Red Hat says Stream is "not a replacement"" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/12/centos-shifts-from-red-hat-unbranded-to-red-hat-beta/. 
  6. ↑ Janvier 2021, Par Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols | Jeudi 14 (14 January 2021). "CloudLinux prépare le remplacement de CentOS Linux : AlmaLinux" (in fr). https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/cloudlinux-prepare-le-remplacement-de-centos-linux-almalinux-39916179.htm. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 AlmaLinux (January 26, 2021). "Frequently asked questions". https://wiki.almalinux.org/FAQ.html. 
  8. ↑ Business Wire (February 1, 2021). "CloudLinux Releases AlmaLinux Beta" (Press release). Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  9. ↑ "AlmaLinux: Everything you need to know about the Linux operating system" (in en). 9 May 2022. https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/configuration/almalinux-what-does-the-new-linux-distribution-offer/. 
  10. ↑ Business Wire (March 30, 2021). "CloudLinux Establishes AlmaLinux Open Source Foundation, Launches First Stable Release" (Press release).
  11. ↑ Larabel, Michael (June 20, 2022). "RHEL-Based AlmaLinux Announces "ALBS" Access For Its Public Build System". https://www.phoronix.com/news/AlmaLinux-Build-System. 
  12. ↑ "First AlmaLinux Community Election Coming Soon! - AlmaLinux OS Blog" (in en). 9 August 2022. https://almalinux.org/blog/first-almalinux-os-foundation-election/. 
  13. ↑ "First AlmaLinux Board Election Announces 7 New Seats - AlmaLinux OS Blog" (in en). 20 September 2022. https://almalinux.org/blog/first-almalinux-board-election-announces-7-new-seats/. 
  14. ↑ "LISTSERV 16.5 - SCIENTIFIC-LINUX-USERS Archives". https://listserv.fnal.gov/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind2212&L=SCIENTIFIC-LINUX-USERS&P=78. 
  15. ↑ "Furthering the evolution of CentOS Stream" (in en). https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/furthering-evolution-centos-stream. 
  16. ↑ "AlmaLinux OS - Forever-Free Enterprise-Grade Operating System". https://almalinux.org/. 
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Dates". Red Hat. 17 May 2023. https://access.redhat.com/articles/3078. 
  18. ↑ "AlmaLinux OS 8.4 Stable Now Available". 2021-05-26. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-os-8-4-stable-now-available/. 
  19. ↑ "AlmaLinux OS 8.5 Stable Now Available". 2021-11-12. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-os-85-stable-now-available/. 
  20. ↑ "AlmaLinux for PowerPC 8.5 Stable Now Available!". 2022-02-25. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-for-powerpc-85-stable-now-available/. 
  21. ↑ "AlmaLinux 8.6 Stable is Now Available!". 2022-05-12. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-86-stable-is-now-available/. 
  22. ↑ "AlmaLinux 8.7 - Now Available". 2022-11-10. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-87-now-available/. 
  23. ↑ Jack Aboutboul (2023-05-18). "AlmaLinux 8.8 - Now Available". https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-88-now-available/. 
  24. ↑ Jack Aboutboul (2023-11-21). "Announcing AlmaLinux 8.9 Stable!". https://almalinux.org/blog/2023-11-21-announcing-89-stable/. 
  25. ↑ "AlmaLinux 9 Now Available!". 2022-05-26. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-9-now-available/. 
  26. ↑ "AlmaLinux 9.1 - Now Available". 2022-11-17. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-91-now-available/. 
  27. ↑ "AlmaLinux 9.2 - Now Available". 2023-05-10. https://almalinux.org/blog/almalinux-92-now-available/. 
  28. ↑ "Announcing AlmaLinux 9.3 Stable!". 2023-11-13. https://almalinux.org/blog/2023-11-13-announcing-93-stable/. 

External links



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