Template:Infobox rubidium

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Rubidium, 37Rb
Rb5.JPG
Rubidium
Pronunciation/ruːˈbɪdiəm/ ​(roo-BID-ee-əm)
Appearancegrey white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Rb)85.4678(3)[1]
Rubidium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
K
↑
Rb
↓
Cs
krypton ← rubidium → strontium
Atomic number (Z)37
Groupgroup 1: hydrogen and alkali metals
Periodperiod 5
Block  s-block
Element category  s-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 5s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point312.45 K ​(39.30 °C, ​102.74 °F)
Boiling point961 K ​(688 °C, ​1270 °F)
Density (near r.t.)1.532 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1.46 g/cm3
Triple point312.41 K, ​? kPa[2]
Critical point2093 K, 16 MPa (extrapolated)[2]
Heat of fusion2.19 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization69 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity31.060 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 434 486 552 641 769 958
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 0.82
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 403 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2632.1 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3859.4 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 248 pm
Covalent radius220±9 pm
Van der Waals radius303 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of rubidium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for rubidium
Speed of sound thin rod1300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion90 µm/(m·K)[3] (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity58.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity128 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Magnetic susceptibility+17.0·10−6 cm3/mol (303 K)[5]
Young's modulus2.4 GPa
Bulk modulus2.5 GPa
Mohs hardness0.3
Brinell hardness0.216 MPa
CAS Number7440-17-7
History
DiscoveryRobert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (1861)
First isolationGeorge de Hevesy
Main isotopes of rubidium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
83Rb syn 86.2 d ε 83Kr
γ –
84Rb syn 32.9 d ε 84Kr
β+ 84Kr
γ –
β− 84Sr
85Rb 72.17% stable
86Rb syn 18.7 d β− 86Sr
γ –
87Rb 27.83% 4.9×1010 y β− 87Sr
Category Category: Rubidium
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Rb
data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 39.30 — —
K 312.45 312.45 0
F 102.74 102.74 0
max precision 2
WD


input C: 39.30, K: 312.45, F: 102.74
comment
Rb
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 688 — —
K 961 961 0
F 1270 1270 0
max precision 0
WD


input C: 688, K: 961, F: 1270
comment
[
]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Haynes, William M., ed (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110. 
  3. ↑ Cverna, Fran (2002). "Ch. 2 Thermal Expansion". ASM Ready Reference: Thermal properties of metals. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-768-0. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. 

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