Ruthenium, 44 Ru Ruthenium Pronunciation (roo-THEE -nee-əm ) Appearance silvery white metallic Standard atomic weight A r, std (Ru) 101.07(2)[1] Ruthenium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z ) 44 Group group 8 Period period 5 Block d-block Element category d-block Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d7 5s1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 2607 K (2334 °C, 4233 °F) Boiling point 4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 12.45 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 10.65 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 38.59 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 619 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.06 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2588
2811
3087
3424
3845
4388
Atomic properties Oxidation states −4, −2, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3 , +4 , +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.2 Ionization energies 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 134 pm Covalent radius 146±7 pm Spectral lines of rutheniumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Speed of sound thin rod 5970 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 117 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [3] Magnetic susceptibility +39·10−6 cm3 /mol (298 K)[3] Young's modulus 447 GPa Shear modulus 173 GPa Bulk modulus 220 GPa Poisson ratio 0.30 Mohs hardness 6.5 Brinell hardness 2160 MPa CAS Number 7440-18-8 History Naming after Ruthenia (Latin for: medieval Kyivska Rus' region) Discovery and first isolationKarl Ernst Claus (1844)Main isotopes of ruthenium
Category: Ruthenium view · talk · edit
| references
Ru
data m.p. cat
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
2334
—
—
K
2607
2607
0
F
4233
4233
0
max precision
0
WD
input
C: 2334, K: 2607, F: 4233
comment
Ru
data b.p. cat
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
4150
—
—
K
4423
4420
3
delta
F
7502
7500
2
delta
max precision
0
WD
input
C: 4150, K: 4423, F: 7502
comment
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
Template:Documentation