Biology:Outline of economics

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Short description: Overview of and topical guide to economics
Economics classes make extensive use of supply and demand graphs like this one to teach about markets. In this graph, S and D refer to supply and demand and P and Q refer to the price and quantity.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics:

Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact.


Description of economics

Economics can be described as all of the following:

  • Academic discipline – body of knowledge given to, or received by, a disciple (student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has chosen to specialize in.
  • Field of science – widely recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer-reviewed research is published. There are many economics-related scientific journals.
  • Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society.

Branches of economics

  • Macroeconomics – branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets.
  • Microeconomics – branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of limited resources.
  • Mesoeconomics In-between

Subdisciplines of economics

Methodologies or approaches

Interdisciplinary fields involving economics

Types of economies

Part of a series on
Economic systems
By ideology
By coordination
By regional model
Sectors
Property types
Transition
Coordination
Other types

Economy – system of human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area.

Economies, by political & social ideological structure

Economies, by scope

Economies, by regulation

Economic elements

Economic activities

Economic forces

Economic problems

Trends and influences

Economic measures

Economic participants

  • Employer
  • Employee
  • Entrepreneur
  • Central bank
  • Reproductive labor

Economic politics

Economic policy

Economic policy

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Markets

Market

Types of markets

Aspects of markets

Market forms

Market form

  • Perfect competition, in which the market consists of a very large number of firms producing a homogeneous product.
  • Monopolistic competition, also called competitive market, where there are a large number of independent firms which have a very small proportion of the market share.
  • Monopoly, where there is only one provider of a product or service.
  • Monopsony, when there is only one buyer in a market.
  • Natural monopoly, a monopoly in which economies of scale cause efficiency to increase continuously with the size of the firm.
  • Oligopoly, in which a market is dominated by a small number of firms which own more than 40% of the market share.
  • Oligopsony, a market dominated by many sellers and a few buyers.

Market-oriented activities

Money

Money

Resources

Resource management

Resource management

Factors of production

Factors of production

Land

Land

Labor
Capital

Capital

Economic theory

Economic ideologies

History of economics

History of economic thought

History of economic thought

Economic history

Economic history

  • Economic events
  • Economic history by region
    • Economic history of Africa
      • Economic history of Morocco
      • Economic history of Nigeria
      • Economic history of Somalia
      • Economic history of South Africa
      • Economic history of Zimbabwe
    • Economic history of the Arab world
    • Economic history of Asia
      • Economic history of Cambodia
      • Economic history of China
        • Economic history of China before 1912
        • Economic history of China (1912–1949)
        • Economic history of China (1949–present)
        • Economic history of the Republic of China
      • Economic history of India
      • Economic history of Indonesia
      • Economic history of Iran
      • Economic history of Japan
      • Economic history of Malaysia
      • Economic history of Pakistan
      • Economic history of Taiwan
      • Economic history of Turkey
        • Economic history of the Ottoman Empire
      • Economic history of Vietnam
      • Economic history of the Philippines
    • Economic history of Australia
    • Economic history of Europe
      • Economic history of France
      • Economic history of Germany
        • Economic history of the German reunification
      • Economic history of Greece and the Greek world
      • Economic history of Iceland
      • Economic history of Ireland
      • Economic history of Italy
      • Economic history of Portugal
      • Economic history of Scotland
      • Economic history of Spain
      • Economic history of Sweden
      • Economic history of Venice
      • Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
      • Economic history of the Republic of Ireland
      • Economic history of the Russian Federation
      • Economic history of the United Kingdom
    • Economic history of North America
      • Economic history of Canada
      • Economic history of Mexico
      • Economic history of the United States
    • Economic history of Central America
      • Economic history of Nicaragua
    • Economic history of South America
      • Economic history of Argentina
      • Economic history of Brazil
      • Economic history of Chile
      • Economic history of Colombia
      • Economic history of Ecuador
      • Economic history of Peru
  • Economic history by subject

General economic concepts

Economics organizations

Economics publications

Persons influential in the field of economics

  • List of economists

Nobel Memorial Prize–winning economic historians

  • Milton Friedman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1976 for "his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy".
  • Robert Fogel and Douglass North won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1993 for "having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change".
  • Merton Miller, who started his academic career teaching economic history at the LSE, won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1990 with Harry Markowitz and William F. Sharpe.

Other notable economic historians

See also

External links



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