Astronomy:3C 275.1

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3C 275.1
The quasar 3C 275.1.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension 12h 43m 57.6490s
Declination+16° 22′ 53.394″
Redshift0.555225
Helio radial velocity166,452 km/s
Distance5.260 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)19.00
Apparent magnitude (B)19.23
Characteristics
TypeOpt. var.
Notable featuresLarge emission nebula surrounding a quasar
Other designations
DA 330, PKS 1241+166, LEDA 2819359, QSO B1241+1639, 4C 16.34, NRAO 406, S3 1241+16

3C 275.1 is a quasar located in the constellation of Coma Berenices with a redshift of (z) 0.555.[1] It was first discovered in 1986 by astronomers, and is situated in the center of a rich galaxy cluster.[2] Its host is classified as a giant elliptical galaxy, described as either a proto-cD or Type-cD galaxy with an emission nebula surrounding it.[3][4][5]

Description

3C 275.1 is classified as a gamma-ray lobe-dominated quasar.[6] It has a radio structure consisting of an elongated core with a narrow jet heading in northwards direction based on a super-resolved radio imaging made by the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA).[7] Radio mapping at 15 GHz with a 5-kilometer telescope shows 3C 275.1 to contain a double component showing one side as compact and the other being slightly extended.[8] A study also described the southern component of the quasar as distorted, indicating the quasar is strongly interacting with a companion galaxy.[9][10]

Observations made in 1986 revealed the presence of a rotating gas cloud around 3C 275.1 with a diameter of more than 100 kiloparsecs (Kpc). Based on observations, it was found to be the largest known to surround a quasar and is likely remnants created by tidal interactions or material that is accumulated via cooling flows originating from the cluster.[11] A more detailed study published in 2024, showed the cloud to be a nebula, containing ionized gas tails that extends up to 170 kiloparsecs, typical of Jellyfish galaxies.[12] The nebula is described as having a conical shape with a bar-shaped extension that is located southwards from the nucleus[13] with an extended component having an X-ray emission of 7.6 x 1043 erg s−1.[14]

In the center of 3C 275.1, there is a supermassive black hole estimated to have a mass of about 200 million solar masses based on a black hole-spheroid mass ratio calculated for active galactic nuclei.[15][12] The quasar itself is paired with the nearby galaxy NGC 4651, due to the radio emitter alignment at the rear of the latter's outer galactic disk.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Liu, Ronghui; Pooley, Guy (1990-07-01). "Radio polarization and the environment of 3C 275.1.". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 245: 17P. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1990MNRAS.245P..17L. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990MNRAS.245P..17L/abstract. 
  2. ↑ Krempec-Krygier, J.; Krygier, B.; Walentynowicz, G. (1998-06-01). "The group of galaxies around 3C 275.1". Astronomy and Astrophysics 334: 427–438. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1998A&A...334..427K. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1998A%26A...334..427K. 
  3. ↑ Hintzen, Paul; Romanishin, W. (1986-12-01). "Direct Imaging of the Extremely Large Host Galaxy and Gas Cloud Surrounding the Quasar 3C 275.1". The Astrophysical Journal 311: L1. doi:10.1086/184787. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1986ApJ...311L...1H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986ApJ...311L...1H/abstract. 
  4. ↑ Hintzen, P.; Boeshaar, G. O.; Scott, J. S. (1981-05-01). "Detection of an apparent, distant cluster of galaxies associated with the radio-tail QSO 3C 275.1.". The Astrophysical Journal 246: L1–L4. doi:10.1086/183541. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1981ApJ...246L...1H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ApJ...246L...1H/abstract. 
  5. ↑ Crawford, C. S.; Lehmann, I.; Fabian, A. C.; Bremer, M. N.; Hasinger, G. (1999-10-01). "Detection of X-ray emission from the host clusters of 3CR quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 308 (4): 1159–1172. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02804.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1999MNRAS.308.1159C. 
  6. ↑ Liao, Neng-Hui; Xin, Yu-Liang; Li, Shang; Jiang, Wei; Liang, Yun-Feng; Li, Xiang; Zhang, Peng-Fei; Chen, Liang et al. (2015-07-17). "DISCOVERY OFγ-RAY EMISSION FROM THE STRONGLY LOBE-DOMINATED QUASAR 3C 275.1". The Astrophysical Journal 808 (1): 74. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/1/74. ISSN 1538-4357. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/808/1/74. 
  7. ↑ Hough, D. H.; Vermeulen, R. C.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Cross, L. L.; Barth, E. L.; Yu, L. H.; Beyer, P. J.; Phifer, E. M. (2002-03-01). "Parsec-Scale Radio Structure and Broad Optical Emission Lines in a Complete Sample of 3CR Lobe-dominated Quasars". The Astronomical Journal 123 (3): 1258–1287. doi:10.1086/338847. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.1258H. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/338847/pdf. 
  8. ↑ Riley, J. M.; Pooley, G. G. (1978-09-01). "15-GHz observations of the quasars 3C 270.1 and 3C 275.1.". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 184 (4): 769–772. doi:10.1093/mnras/184.4.769. ISSN 0035-8711. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1978MNRAS.184..769R. 
  9. ↑ Liu, R.; Pooley, G.; Riley, J. M. (1992-08-15). "Spectral ageing in a sample of 14 high-luminosity double radio sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 257 (4): 545–571. doi:10.1093/mnras/257.4.545. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1992MNRAS.257..545L. 
  10. ↑ Rector, Travis A.; Stocke, John T.; Ellingson, Erica (1995-10-01). "Quasar Radio Morphology and Clustering Environment at z~1/2". The Astronomical Journal 110: 1492. doi:10.1086/117622. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1995AJ....110.1492R. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AJ....110.1492R/abstract. 
  11. ↑ Hintzen, P.; Stocke, J. (1986-09-01). "Detection of a Rotating Gas Cloud 100 Kiloparsecs in Diameter Surrounding 3C 275.1, a Quasar at the Center of a Rich Cluster of Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 308: 540. doi:10.1086/164524. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1986ApJ...308..540H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986ApJ...308..540H/abstract. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Zhao, Qinyuan; Wang, Junfeng; Li, Zhenzhen (2024-08-01). "Serendipitous Catch of a Giant Jellyfish: An Ionized Nebula around 3C 275.1 with 170 kpc Long Tails". The Astrophysical Journal 971 (2): 134. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad58d6. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...971..134Z. 
  13. ↑ McCarthy, Patrick J.; Spinrad, Hyron; van Breugel, Wil (July 1995). "Emission-Line Imaging of 3CR Radio Galaxies. I. Imaging Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 99: 27. doi:10.1086/192178. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1996A&A...313..423H. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1996A%26A...313..423H/0000429.000.html. 
  14. ↑ Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (March 2003). "Extended X-ray emission around four 3C quasars at 0.55 > z < 0.75 observed with Chandra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 339 (4): 1163–1169. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06268.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2003MNRAS.339.1163C. 
  15. ↑ McLure, R. J.; Jarvis, M. J.; Targett, T. A.; Dunlop, J. S.; Best, P. N. (2006-05-01). "On the evolution of the black hole: spheroid mass ratio". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 368 (3): 1395–1403. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10228.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2006MNRAS.368.1395M. 
  16. ↑ Schneider, Stephen E.; Corbelli, Edvige (1993-09-01). "Neutral Hydrogen Absorption and Emission in the Quasar/Galaxy Pair 3C 275.1/NGC 4651". The Astrophysical Journal 414: 500. doi:10.1086/173097. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...414..500S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ApJ...414..500S/abstract. 



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