Engineering:List of Space Shuttle missions

Short description: NASA flights of the partially reusable spacecraft

For Soviet Space Shuttle missions, see Astronomy:List of Buran missions.

Launch of Space Shuttle Columbia on 12 April 1981 at Pad 39A for mission STS-1

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, conducted science experiments in orbit, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.

From 1981 to 2011 a total of 135 missions were flown, all launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During that time period the fleet logged 1,322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds of flight time. The longest orbital flight of the Shuttle was STS-80 at 17 days 15 hours, while the shortest flight was STS-51-L at one minute 13 seconds when the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart during launch. The cold morning shrank an O-Ring on the right Solid Rocket Booster causing the external fuel tank to explode. The shuttles docked with Russian space station Mir nine times and visited the ISS thirty-seven times. The highest altitude (apogee) achieved by the shuttle was 386 mi (621 km) when deploying the Hubble Space Telescope. The program flew a total of 355 people representing 16 countries, and with 852 total shuttle fliers. The Kennedy Space Center served as the landing site for 78 missions, while 54 missions landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California and one mission landed at White Sands, New Mexico.

The first orbiter built, Enterprise, was used for atmospheric flight tests (ALT) but future plans to upgrade it to orbital capability were ultimately canceled. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Challenger and Columbia were destroyed in mission accidents in 1986 and 2003 respectively, killing a total of fourteen astronauts. A fifth operational orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of STS-135 by Atlantis on 21 July 2011.

Flight numbering

Profiles of all five orbiters at launch.

The U.S. Space Shuttle program was officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS). Specific shuttle missions were therefore designated with the prefix "STS". Initially, the launches were given sequential numbers indicating order of launch, such as STS-7. Subsequent to the Apollo 13 mishap, due to Administrator of NASA James M. Beggs's triskaidekaphobia and consequent unwillingness to number a forthcoming flight as STS-13, beginning in 1984, each mission was assigned a code, such as STS-41-B, with the first digit (or pair of digits for years 1990 and beyond) indicating the federal fiscal year offset into the program (so 41-B was scheduled for FY 1984, 51-A thru 51-L originally for FY 1985, and the third flight in FY 1995 would have been named 51-C), the second digit indicating the launch site (1 was Kennedy Space Center and 2 was Space Launch Complex 6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, although Vandenberg was never used), and the letter indicating scheduling sequence. These codes were assigned when the launches were initially scheduled and were not changed as missions were delayed or rescheduled. The codes were adopted from STS-41-B through STS-51-L (although the highest code used was actually STS-61-C), and the sequential numbers were used internally at NASA on all processing paperwork.

After the Challenger disaster, NASA returned to using a sequential numbering system, with the number counting from the beginning of the STS program. Unlike the initial system, however, the numbers were assigned based on the initial mission schedule, and did not always reflect actual launch order. This numbering scheme started at 26, with the first flight as STS-26R—the R suffix stood for "reflight" to disambiguate from prior missions. The suffix was used for two years through STS-33R, then the R was dropped. As a result of the changes in systems, flights under different numbering systems could have the same number with one having a letter appended, e.g. flight STS-51 (a mission carried out by Discovery in 1993) was many years after STS-51-A (Discovery's second flight in 1984). It wasn't until STS-127 in 2009 where the flight numbering system returned to a standard and consistent order.

Shuttle flights

Enterprise on one of its five free-flights during the Approach and Landing Test program

Atmospheric flight tests

Main article: Engineering:Approach and Landing Tests

The Approach and Landing Test program encompassed 16 separate tests of Enterprise, covering taxi tests, uncrewed and crewed flights on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and finally the free flight tests. The following list includes the free-flight tests, durations listed count only the orbiter free-flight time. The list does not include total time aloft along with airborne time atop of the SCA.

Order	Launch date	Mission	Shuttle	Crew	Duration	Landing site	Notes	Refs.
1	12 August 1977	ALT-12	Enterprise	2	00 h 05 m	Edwards	First free flight First non-captive flight of Enterprise First landing at Edwards Air Force Base
2	13 September 1977	ALT-13	Enterprise	2	00 h 05 m	Edwards	Second free flight
3	23 September 1977	ALT-14	Enterprise	2	00 h 05 m	Edwards	Third free flight
4	12 October 1977	ALT-15	Enterprise	2	00 h 02 m	Edwards	Fourth free flight First flight without tailcone (operational configuration)
5	26 October 1977	ALT-16	Enterprise	2	00 h 02 m	Edwards	Final free flight Final non-captive flight of Enterprise First landing on runway rather than lakebed

Launches and orbital flights

Order	Launch date	Mission	Shuttle	Crew	Duration	Launch pad	Landing site	Notes	Refs.
1	19810412 12 April 1981 12:00:04 UTC 07:00:04 EST	STS-1	Columbia	2	02d 06h	LC-39A	Edwards	First orbital flight test First reusable orbital spacecraft flight Maiden flight of Columbia Maiden flight of the Space Shuttle program
2	19811112 12 November 1981 15:10:00 UTC 10:10:00 EST	STS-2	Columbia	2	02d 06h	LC-39A	Edwards	Second orbital flight test First reuse of a crewed orbital space vehicle First test of Canadarm robot arm Truncated due to fuel cell problem Shortest orbital mission flown
3	19820322 22 March 1982 16:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EST	STS-3	Columbia	2	08d 00h	LC-39A	White Sands	Third orbital test Only landing at White Sands, New Mexico
4	19820627 27 June 1982 15:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EDT	STS-4	Columbia	2	07d 01h	LC-39A	Edwards	Fourth and final orbital flight test First Department of Defense (DoD) payload
5	19821111 11 November 1982 12:19:00 UTC 07:19:00 EST	STS-5	Columbia	4	05d 02h	LC-39A	Edwards	First "operational" flight Multiple comsat deployments First Extravehicular activity of program canceled due to suit problems
6	19830404 4 April 1983 18:30:00 UTC 13:30:00 EST	STS-6	Challenger	4	05d 00h	LC-39A	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-A) deployment Maiden flight of Challenger First Space Shuttle Extravehicular activity
7	19830618 18 June 1983 11:33:00 UTC 07:33:00 EDT	STS-7	Challenger	5	06d 02h	LC-39A	Edwards	First American woman in space, Sally Ride Multiple comsat deployments First deployment and retrieval of a Shuttle pallet satellite
8	19830830 30 August 1983 06:32:00 UTC 02:32:00 EDT	STS-8	Challenger	5	06d 01h	LC-39A	Edwards	Comsat deployment First flight of an African American in space, Guion Bluford Test of robot arm on heavy payloads with Payload Flight Test Article First night launch First night landing
9	19831128 28 November 1983 16:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EST	STS-9	Columbia	6	10d 07h	LC-39A	Edwards	First Spacelab mission First European Space Agency Astronaut on a shuttle mission and first West German in space Ulf Merbold
10	19840203 3 February 1984 13:00:00 UTC 08:00:00 EST	STS-41-B	Challenger	5	07d 23h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Deployed two Comsats First untethered spacewalk by Bruce McCandless II with Manned Maneuvering Unit First landing at Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Dry run of equipment for Solar Maximum Mission rescue
11	19840406 6 April 1984 13:58:00 UTC 08:58:00 EST	STS-41-C	Challenger	5	06d 23h	LC-39A	Edwards	Solar Maximum Mission servicing First satellite rescue by astronauts Long Duration Exposure Facility deployment
12	19840830 30 August 1984 12:41:50 UTC 08:41:50 EDT	STS-41-D	Discovery	6	06d 00h	LC-39A	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments Maiden flight of Discovery First Jewish American in space, Judith Resnik Test of OAST-1 Solar Array
13	19841005 5 October 1984 11:03:00 UTC 07:03:00 EDT	STS-41-G	Challenger	7	08d 05h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Earth Radiation Budget Satellite deployment First flight of two women in space, Sally Ride and Kathryn Sullivan First woman in space twice, Ride First spacewalk by American woman, Sullivan First Canadian in space, Marc Garneau First spaceflight of Australian origin and first Oceanian in space, Paul Scully-Power
14	19841108 8 November 1984 12:15:00 UTC 07:15:00 EST	STS-51-A	Discovery	5	07d 23h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Multiple comsat deployments First mother in space, Anna Lee Fisher Retrieval of two other comsats (Palapa B2 and Westar VI), which were subsequently refurbished on Earth and reflown
15	19850124 24 January 1985 19:50:00 UTC 14:50:00 EST	STS-51-C	Discovery	5	03d 01h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	First classified Department of Defense (DoD) mission Magnum satellite deployment First flight of an Asian American in space, Ellison Onizuka
16	19850412 12 April 1985 13:59:05 UTC 08:59:05 EST	STS-51-D	Discovery	7	06d 23h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Multiple comsat deployments First flight of a sitting politician in space, Jake Garn First impromptu Extravehicular activity of program to fix Syncom F3 (Leasat 3)
17	19850429 29 April 1985 16:02:18 UTC 12:02:18 EDT	STS-51-B	Challenger	7	07d 00h	LC-39A	Edwards	First mission with Spacelab module in a fully operational configuration Conducted experiments in microgravity First African-American Space Shuttle pilot, Frederick D. Gregory
18	19850617 17 June 1985 11:33:00 UTC 07:33:00 EDT	STS-51-G	Discovery	7	07d 01h	LC-39A	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments First French in space, Patrick Baudry Flight of first member of royalty, Saudi, Muslim, and Arab in space, Sultan bin Salman Al Saud
19	19850729 29 July 1985 22:00:00 UTC 18:00:00 EDT	STS-51-F	Challenger	7	07d 22h	LC-39A	Edwards	Spacelab mission Abort to Orbit. Faulty temperature sensor incorrectly indicated that fuel turbine discharge temperature exceeded the limit. Therefore, one main engine was shut down at T+345 s, resulting in a much lower orbit than planned. All mission objectives achieved
20	19850827 27 August 1985 10:58:01 UTC 06:58:01 EDT	STS-51-I	Discovery	5	07d 02h	LC-39A	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments Rescue of Syncom F3 (Leasat-3)
21	19851003 3 October 1985 15:15:30 UTC 11:15:30 EDT	STS-51-J	Atlantis	5	04d 01h	LC-39A	Edwards	Second classified DoD mission Defense Satellite Communications System satellite deployment Maiden flight of Atlantis
22	19851030 30 October 1985 17:00:00 UTC 12:00:00 EST	STS-61-A	Challenger	8	07d 00h	LC-39A	Edwards	Largest crew on a spaceflight Third flight of Spacelab Spacelab-D1 microgravity experiments Mission funded by Germany Last successful mission of Challenger First Dutchman in space, Wubbo Ockels
23	19851126 26 November 1985 24:29:00 UTC 19:29:00 EST	STS-61-B	Atlantis	7	06d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployment EASE/ACCESS experiment First Mexican and Hispanic or Latino in space, Rodolfo Neri Vela
24	19860112 12 January 1986 11:55:00 UTC 06:55:00 EST	STS-61-C	Columbia	7	06d 02h	LC-39A	Edwards	Comsat deployment Flight of US Representative Bill Nelson Second African-American Space Shuttle pilot, Charles Bolden Last successful mission before STS-51-L
25	19860128 28 January 1986 16:38:00 UTC 11:38:00 EST	STS-51-L	Challenger	7	01m 13s	LC-39B	Did not land	Planned tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-B) and Spartan Halley deployment First Space Shuttle launch from LC-39B First private citizen astronaut, Christa McAuliffe (part of Teacher in Space Project) First fatal Space Shuttle mission First first-time astronauts to die during mission besides McAuliffe, Michael J. Smith and Gregory Jarvis Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) leak and breakup destroyed the orbiter and killed crew
26	19880929 29 September 1988 15:37:00 UTC 11:37:00 EDT	STS-26	Discovery	5	04d 01h	LC-39B	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-C) deployment First post-Challenger flight First Space Shuttle mission with an all-veteran crew
27	19881202 2 December 1988 14:30:34 UTC 09:30:34 EST	STS-27	Atlantis	5	04d 09h	LC-39B	Edwards	Third classified DoD mission First post-Challenger flight to have first-time astronauts, Guy S. Gardner and William M. Shepherd Lacrosse 1 deployment Heavy damage to the thermal protection system resulted in extreme heat damage to the right wing
28	19890313 13 March 1989 14:57:00 UTC 09:57:00 EST	STS-29	Discovery	5	04d 23h	LC-39B	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-D) deployment IMAX camera Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element I space station radiator experiment
29	19890504 4 May 1989 18:46:59 UTC 14:46:59 EDT	STS-30	Atlantis	5	04d 00h	LC-39B	Edwards	Magellan Venus probe deployment First post-Challenger flight to carry a female astronaut
30	19890808 8 August 1989 12:37:00 UTC 08:37:00 EDT	STS-28	Columbia	5	05d 01h	LC-39B	Edwards	Fourth classified DoD mission Satellite Data System deployment
31	19891018 18 October 1989 16:53:40 UTC 12:53:40 EDT	STS-34	Atlantis	5	04d 23h	LC-39B	Edwards	Galileo Jupiter probe deployment First post-Challenger flight to have a first-time woman astronaut, Ellen S. Baker First time since the Challenger disaster with two women astronauts, Baker and Shannon Lucid IMAX camera
32	19891122 22 November 1989 24:23:30 UTC 19:23:30 EST	STS-33	Discovery	5	05d 00h	LC-39B	Edwards	Fifth classified DoD mission Deployment of Magnum First African-American Space Shuttle commander, Frederick D. Gregory
33	19900109 9 January 1990 12:35:00 UTC 07:35:00 EST	STS-32	Columbia	5	10d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	Syncom IV-F5 satellite deployment Long Duration Exposure Facility retrieval IMAX camera
34	19900228 28 February 1990 07:50:22 UTC 02:50:22 EST	STS-36	Atlantis	5	04d 10h	LC-39A	Edwards	Sixth classified DoD mission Misty reconnaissance satellite deployment
35	19900424 24 April 1990 12:33:51 UTC 08:33:51 EDT	STS-31	Discovery	5	05d 01h	LC-39B	Edwards	Hubble Space Telescope (HST) deployment
36	19901006 6 October 1990 11:47:15 UTC 07:47:15 EDT	STS-41	Discovery	5	04d 02h	LC-39B	Edwards	Ulysses/Inertial Upper Stage solar probe deployment
37	19901115 15 November 1990 23:48:15 UTC 18:48:15 EST	STS-38	Atlantis	5	04d 21h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Seventh classified DoD mission Likely SDS2-2 deployed
38	19901202 2 December 1990 06:49:01 UTC 01:49:01 EST	STS-35	Columbia	7	08d 23h	LC-39B	Edwards	Use of ASTRO-1 observatory First post-Challenger mission to have a crew of 7 First time since the Challenger disaster to have two payload specialists, Samuel T. Durrance and Ronald A. Parise
39	19910405 5 April 1991 14:22:45 UTC 09:22:45 EST	STS-37	Atlantis	5	05d 23h	LC-39B	Edwards	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory deployment and EVA repair
40	19910428 28 April 1991 11:33:14 UTC 07:33:14 EDT	STS-39	Discovery	7	08d 07h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	First unclassified DoD mission (eighth DoD mission overall) Military science experiments
41	19910605 5 June 1991 13:24:51 UTC 09:24:51 EDT	STS-40	Columbia	7	09d 02h	LC-39B	Edwards	Spacelab mission First space mission with three women
42	19910802 2 August 1991 15:02:00 UTC 11:02:00 EDT	STS-43	Atlantis	5	08d 21h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-E) deployment First woman in space thrice, Shannon Lucid
43	19910912 12 September 1991 23:11:04 UTC 19:11:04 EDT	STS-48	Discovery	5	05d 08h	LC-39A	Edwards	Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite deployment
44	19911124 24 November 1991 23:44:00 UTC 18:44:00 EST	STS-44	Atlantis	6	06d 22h	LC-39A	Edwards	Second unclassified DoD mission (ninth DoD mission overall) DSP satellite deployment
45	19920122 22 January 1992 14:52:33 UTC 09:52:33 EST	STS-42	Discovery	7	08d 01h	LC-39A	Edwards	Spacelab mission First Canadian woman in space, Roberta Bondar
46	19920324 24 March 1992 13:13:40 UTC 08:13:40 EST	STS-45	Atlantis	7	08d 22h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ATLAS-1 science platform Second African-American Space Shuttle commander, Charles Bolden First spaceflight of British and English origin, Michael Foale First Belgian in space, Dirk Frimout
47	19920507 7 May 1992 23:40:00 UTC 19:40:00 EDT	STS-49	Endeavour	7	08d 21h	LC-39B	Edwards	Intelsat VI hand-retrieval and repair Maiden flight of Endeavour First three-person Extravehicular activity Assembly of Station by EVA Methods (ASEM) space station truss experiment EVA Record four EVAs total for mission First landing with a drag chute
48	19920625 25 June 1992 16:12:23 UTC 12:12:23 EDT	STS-50	Columbia	7	13d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission
49	19920731 31 July 1992 13:56:48 UTC 09:56:48 EDT	STS-46	Atlantis	7	07d 23h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Deployment of EURECA Deployment of National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS) First Italian in space, Franco Malerba First Swiss in space, Claude Nicollier
50	19920912 12 September 1992 14:23:00 UTC 10:23:00 EDT	STS-47	Endeavour	7	07d 22h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab-J First flight of an African-American woman in space, Mae Jemison First and only flight of a married couple in space, Mark C. Lee and Jan Davis First Japanese in space, Mamoru Mohri Japan funded mission
51	19921022 22 October 1992 17:09:39 UTC 13:09:39 EDT	STS-52	Columbia	6	09d 20h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	LAGEOS II deployment Microgravity experiments
52	19921202 2 December 1992 13:24:00 UTC 08:24:00 EST	STS-53	Discovery	5	07d 07h	LC-39A	Edwards	Partially classified 10th and final DoD mission Likely deployment of SDS2 satellite
53	19930113 13 January 1993 13:59:30 UTC 08:59:30 EST	STS-54	Endeavour	5	05d 23h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-F) deployment
54	19930408 8 April 1993 05:29:00 UTC 01:29:00 EDT	STS-56	Discovery	5	09d 06h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ATLAS-2 science platform
55	19930426 26 April 1993 14:50:00 UTC 10:50:00 EDT	STS-55	Columbia	7	09d 23h	LC-39A	Edwards	Spacelab-D2 Mission funded by Germany
56	19930621 21 June 1993 13:07:22 UTC 09:07:22 EDT	STS-57	Endeavour	6	09d 23h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Scientific Experiments aboard the SPACEHAB module Retrieval of EURECA
57	19930912 12 September 1993 11:45:00 UTC 07:45:00 EDT	STS-51	Discovery	5	09d 20h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ACTS satellite deployed Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer with IMAX camera deployed First night landing at Kennedy Space Center
58	19931018 18 October 1993 14:53:10 UTC 10:53:10 EDT	STS-58	Columbia	7	14d 00h	LC-39B	Edwards	Spacelab mission First woman in space on a fourth time, Shannon Lucid
59	19931202 2 December 1993 09:27:00 UTC 04:27:00 EST	STS-61	Endeavour	7	10d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
60	19940203 3 February 1994 12:10:00 UTC 07:10:00 EST	STS-60	Discovery	6	07d 06h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	SPACEHAB Wake Shield Facility First Russian cosmonaut to fly on the Space Shuttle, Sergei Krikalev
61	19940304 4 March 1994 13:53:00 UTC 08:53:00 EST	STS-62	Columbia	5	13d 23h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Microgravity experiments
62	19940409 9 April 1994 11:05:00 UTC 07:05:00 EDT	STS-59	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	LC-39A	Edwards	Experiments aboard Shuttle Radar Laboratory-1
63	19940708 8 July 1994 04:43:00 UTC 00:43:00 EDT	STS-65	Columbia	7	14d 17h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission First Japanese woman in space, Chiaki Mukai
64	19940909 9 September 1994 22:22:05 UTC 18:22:05 EDT	STS-64	Discovery	6	10d 22h	LC-39B	Edwards	Multiple science experiments SPARTAN
65	19940930 30 September 1994 11:16:00 UTC 07:16:00 EDT	STS-68	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	LC-39A	Edwards	Experiments aboard Space Radar Laboratory-2
66	19941103 3 November 1994 16:59:43 UTC 11:59:43 EST	STS-66	Atlantis	6	10d 22h	LC-39B	Edwards	ATLAS-3 science platform
67	19950203 3 February 1995 05:22:04 UTC 00:22:04 EST	STS-63	Discovery	6	08d 06h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Mir rendezvous SPACEHAB IMAX camera First female Space Shuttle pilot, Eileen Collins
68	19950302 2 March 1995 06:38:13 UTC 01:38:13 EST	STS-67	Endeavour	7	16d 15h	LC-39A	Edwards	ASTRO-2 Deployment
69	19950627 27 June 1995 19:32:19 UTC 15:32:19 EDT	STS-71	Atlantis	7/8	09d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	First Shuttle-Mir docking
70	19950713 13 July 1995 13:41:55 UTC 09:41:55 EDT	STS-70	Discovery	5	08d 22h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-G) deployment
71	19950907 7 September 1995 15:09:00 UTC 11:09:00 EDT	STS-69	Endeavour	5	10d 20h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Wake Shield Facility SPARTAN
72	19951020 20 October 1995 13:53:00 UTC 09:53:00 EDT	STS-73	Columbia	7	15d 21h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission
73	19951112 12 November 1995 12:30:43 UTC 07:30:43 EST	STS-74	Atlantis	5	08d 04h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Second Shuttle-Mir docking Delivered docking module Delivered IMAX cargo bay camera
74	19960111 11 January 1996 09:41:00 UTC 04:41:00 EST	STS-72	Endeavour	6	08d 22h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Retrieved Japan's Space Flyer Unit 2 Extravehicular activities
75	19960222 22 February 1996 20:18:00 UTC 15:18:00 EST	STS-75	Columbia	7	15d 17h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Tethered satellite reflight, lost due to broken tether
76	19960322 22 March 1996 08:13:04 UTC 03:13:04 EST	STS-76	Atlantis	6/5	09d 05h	LC-39B	Edwards	Shuttle-Mir docking First woman in space on a fifth time, Shannon Lucid (during launch)
77	19960519 19 May 1996 10:30:00 UTC 06:30:00 EDT	STS-77	Endeavour	6	10d 00h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	SPACEHAB SPARTAN
78	19960620 20 June 1996 14:49:00 UTC 10:49:00 EDT	STS-78	Columbia	7	16d 21h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission
79	19960916 16 September 1996 08:54:49 UTC 04:54:49 EDT	STS-79	Atlantis	6/6	10d 03h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle-Mir docking First woman in space on a fifth time, Shannon Lucid (during landing)
80	19961119 19 November 1996 19:55:47 UTC 14:55:47 EST	STS-80	Columbia	5	17d 15h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Wake Shield Facility Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS) II Longest Space Shuttle mission flown Story Musgrave becomes the only astronaut to fly on all five Space Shuttle orbiters
81	19970112 12 January 1997 09:27:23 UTC 04:27:23 EST	STS-81	Atlantis	6/6	10d 04h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle-Mir docking
82	19970211 11 February 1997 08:55:17 UTC 03:55:17 EST	STS-82	Discovery	7	09d 23h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
83	19970404 4 April 1997 19:20:32 UTC 14:20:32 EST	STS-83	Columbia	7	03d 23h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission Truncated due to fuel cell problem Second female Space Shuttle pilot, Susan L. Still
84	19970515 15 May 1997 08:07:48 UTC 04:07:48 EDT	STS-84	Atlantis	7/7	09d 05h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle-Mir docking First Russian woman in space, Yelena Kondakova First Peruvian and South American in space, Carlos I. Noriega
85	19970701 1 July 1997 18:02:00 UTC 14:02:00 EDT	STS-94	Columbia	7	15d 16h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission Reflight of STS-83
86	19970807 7 August 1997 14:41:00 UTC 10:41:00 EDT	STS-85	Discovery	6	11d 20h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Deployed and retrieved Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS)
87	19970925 25 September 1997 14:34:19 UTC 10:34:19 EDT	STS-86	Atlantis	7/7	10d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle-Mir docking
88	19971119 19 November 1997 19:46:00 UTC 14:46:00 EST	STS-87	Columbia	6	15d 16h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Microgravity experiments 2 Extravehicular activities SPARTAN First spaceflight by a woman of Indian origin and Asian American woman, Kalpana Chawla First Ukrainian astronaut, Leonid Kadeniuk
89	19980122 22 January 1998 02:48:15 UTC 21:48:15 EST	STS-89	Endeavour	7/7	08d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle-Mir docking
90	19980417 17 April 1998 18:19:00 UTC 14:19:00 EDT	STS-90	Columbia	7	15d 21h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Spacelab mission Final flight with the Spacelab module
91	19980602 2 June 1998 22:06:24 UTC 18:06:24 EDT	STS-91	Discovery	6/7	09d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Last Shuttle-Mir docking
92	19981029 29 October 1998 19:19:34 UTC 14:19:34 EST	STS-95	Discovery	7	08d 21h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	SPACEHAB John Glenn, flies again
93	19981204 4 December 1998 08:35:34 UTC 03:35:34 EST	STS-88	Endeavour	6	11d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 2A: Node 1 First Shuttle ISS assembly flight
94	19990527 27 May 1999 10:49:42 UTC 06:49:42 EDT	STS-96	Discovery	7	09d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply
95	19990723 23 July 1999 04:31:00 UTC 00:31:00 EDT	STS-93	Columbia	5	04d 22h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Chandra X-ray Observatory deployed First female Space Shuttle commander, Eileen Collins
96	19991219 19 December 1999 00:50:00 UTC 19:50:00 EST	STS-103	Discovery	7	07d 23h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
97	20000211 11 February 2000 16:43:40 UTC 12:43:40 EDT	STS-99	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
98	20000519 19 May 2000 10:11:10 UTC 06:11:10 EDT	STS-101	Atlantis	7	09d 21h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply
99	20000908 8 September 2000 12:45:47 UTC 08:45:47 EDT	STS-106	Atlantis	7	11d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply
100	20001011 11 October 2000 23:17:00 UTC 18:17:00 EST	STS-92	Discovery	7	12d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 3A: Z1 truss Third female Space Shuttle pilot, Pamela Melroy
101	20001130 30 November 2000 03:06:01 UTC 22:06:01 EST	STS-97	Endeavour	5	10d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 4A: P6 solar arrays, radiators 100th successful mission
102	20010207 7 February 2001 23:13:02 UTC 18:13:02 EST	STS-98	Atlantis	5	12d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 5A: Destiny lab
103	20010308 8 March 2001 11:42:09 UTC 06:42:09 EST	STS-102	Discovery	7/7	12d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply and crew rotation
104	20010419 19 April 2001 18:40:42 UTC 14:40:42 EDT	STS-100	Endeavour	7	11d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 6A: robotic arm First spacewalk by a Canadian, Chris Hadfield
105	20010712 12 July 2001 09:03:59 UTC 05:03:59 EDT	STS-104	Atlantis	5	12d 18h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 7A: Quest Joint Airlock
106	20010810 10 August 2001 21:10:14 UTC 17:10:14 EDT	STS-105	Discovery	7/7	11d 21h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply and crew rotation
107	20011205 5 December 2001 22:19:28 UTC 17:19:28 EST	STS-108	Endeavour	7/7	11d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS supply and crew rotation
108	20020301 1 March 2002 11:22:02 UTC 06:22:02 EST	STS-109	Columbia	7	10d 22h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Hubble Space Telescope servicing Last successful mission for Columbia
109	20020408 8 April 2002 20:44:19 UTC 16:44:19 EDT	STS-110	Atlantis	7	10d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 8A: S0 truss Jerry L. Ross becomes the first astronaut to make seven spaceflights
110	20020605 5 June 2002 21:22:49 UTC 17:22:49 EDT	STS-111	Endeavour	7/7	13d 20h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS supply and crew rotation Mobile Base System Franklin Chang-Díaz becomes the second astronaut to make seven spaceflights
111	20021007 7 October 2002 19:45:51 UTC 15:45:51 EDT	STS-112	Atlantis	6	10d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 9A: S1 truss
112	20021123 23 November 2002 00:49:47 UTC 19:49:47 EST	STS-113	Endeavour	7/7	13d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 11A: P1 truss, crew rotation Last successful mission before STS-107
113	20030116 16 January 2003 15:39:00 UTC 10:39:00 EST	STS-107	Columbia	7	15d 22h	LC-39A	Did not land	SPACEHAB First Israeli in space, Ilan Ramon First first-time astronauts to die during re-entry besides Ramon, William C. McCool, David M. Brown, and Laurel Clark Re-entry breakup disintegrated the orbiter and killed crew
114	20050726 26 July 2005 14:39:00 UTC 10:39:00 EDT	STS-114	Discovery	7	13d 21h	LC-39B	Edwards	First post-Columbia flight First post-Columbia mission to have two first-time astronauts, Soichi Noguchi and Charles J. Camarda Flight safety Evaluation/testing ISS supply/repair MPLM Raffaello
115	20060704 4 July 2006 18:37:55 UTC 14:37:55 EDT	STS-121	Discovery	7/6	12d 18h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS Flight ULF1.1: supply and crew rotation MPLM Leonardo First post-Columbia flight to have two first-time women astronauts, Lisa Nowak and Stephanie Wilson
116	20060909 9 September 2006 15:14:55 UTC 11:14:55 EDT	STS-115	Atlantis	6	11d 19h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 12A: P3/P4 Truss, Solar Arrays
117	20061209 9 December 2006 24:47:35 UTC 20:47:35 EDT	STS-116	Discovery	7/7	12d 21h	LC-39B	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 12A.1: P5 Truss & SPACEHAB-SM Crew rotation First night launch since STS-113 Final Space Shuttle launch from LC-39B
118	20070608 8 June 2007 23:38:04 UTC 19:38:04 EDT	STS-117	Atlantis	7/7	13d 20h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 13A: S3/S4 Truss, Solar Arrays Crew rotation
119	20070808 8 August 2007 22:36:42 UTC 18:36:42 EDT	STS-118	Endeavour	7	12d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 13A.1: S5 Truss & SPACEHAB-SM & ESP-3 First use of Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS) First oldest first-time astronaut, Barbara Morgan (55 years old at the time of mission)
120	20071023 23 October 2007 15:38:19 UTC 11:38:19 EDT	STS-120	Discovery	7/7	15d 02h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 10A: US Harmony module Crew rotation Second female Space Shuttle commander, Pamela Melroy
121	20080207 7 February 2008 19:45:30 UTC 14:45:30 EST	STS-122	Atlantis	7/7	12d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 1E: European Laboratory Columbus Crew rotation
122	20080311 11 March 2008 06:28:14 UTC 02:28:14 EDT	STS-123	Endeavour	7/7	15d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 1J/A: Experiment Logistics Module-Pressurized Section (ELM PS) & SPDM Crew rotation
123	20080531 31 May 2008 21:02:12 UTC 17:02:12 EDT	STS-124	Discovery	7/7	13d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 1J: Japanese modules Kibo and RMS
124	20081114 14 November 2008 24:55:39 UTC 19:55:39 EST	STS-126	Endeavour	7/7	15d 20h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight ULF2: MPLM Leonardo Crew rotation
125	20090315 15 March 2009 23:43:44 UTC 19:43:44 EDT	STS-119	Discovery	7/7	12d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 15A: S6 Truss, Solar Arrays
126	20090511 11 May 2009 18:01:56 UTC 14:01:56 EDT	STS-125	Atlantis	7	12d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	Last Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission Final Non-ISS flight
127	20090715 15 July 2009 22:03:10 UTC 18:03:10 EDT	STS-127	Endeavour	7/7	15d 16h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 2J/A: Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (EF) and ELM ES
128	20090828 28 August 2009 03:59:37 UTC 23:59:37 EDT	STS-128	Discovery	7/7	13d 21h	LC-39A	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 17A: MPLM Leonardo Crew rotation Final landing at Edwards AFB
129	20091116 16 November 2009 19:28:01 UTC 14:28:01 EST	STS-129	Atlantis	6/7	10d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight ULF3: ExPRESS Logistics Carriers (ELCs) 1 & 2 Final Space Shuttle mission to perform a crew rotation
130	20100208 8 February 2010 09:14:07 UTC 04:14:07 EST	STS-130	Endeavour	6	13d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 20A: Node 3 and Cupola
131	20100405 5 April 2010 10:21:25 UTC 06:21:25 EDT	STS-131	Discovery	7	15d 03h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight 19A: Utility and Logistics Flight 4: Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo Last night launch of the Shuttle Program Final Space Shuttle mission with rookie astronauts Final Space Shuttle mission with a crew of 7
132	20100514 14 May 2010 18:20:09 UTC 14:20:09 EDT	STS-132	Atlantis	6	11d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight ULF4: Mini-Research Module 1 Originally intended as Atlantis' final flight if STS-135 wasn't approved
133	20110214 24 February 2011 21:53:24 UTC 16:53:24 EST	STS-133	Discovery	6	12d 19h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight ULF5, Permanent Multipurpose Module Leonardo, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 4 Final flight of Discovery Final daytime landing of the Shuttle Program
134	20110516 16 May 2011 12:56:28 UTC 08:56:28 EDT	STS-134	Endeavour	6	15d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	ISS assembly flight ULF6, ELC 3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Final flight of Endeavour
135	20110708 8 July 2011 15:29:04 UTC 11:29:04 EDT	STS-135	Atlantis	4	12d 18h	LC-39A	Kennedy SLF	Payload Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello Final flight of Atlantis Final flight of the Space Shuttle program

Shuttle missions

Canceled missions

Main article: Engineering:Canceled Space Shuttle missions

One initial emergency flight abort (RTLS) sub-orbital test mission was canceled due to high risk. Many other planned missions were canceled due to the late development of the shuttle, and the Challenger and Columbia disasters.

Four missions were cut short by a day or more while in orbit: STS-2 (equipment failure), STS-35 (weather), STS-44 (equipment failure), and STS-83 (equipment failure, relaunched as STS-94).

Contingency missions

Atlantis and Endeavour on LC-39A and LC-39B. Endeavour was slated to launch for STS-400 rescue mission should Atlantis (STS-125) be found unable to return safely to Earth.

Main article: Engineering:STS-3xx

STS-300 was the designation for the Space Shuttle Launch on Need (LON) missions to be launched on short notice for STS-114 and STS-121, in the event that the shuttle became disabled or damaged and could not safely return to Earth. The rescue flight for STS-115, if needed, would have been STS-301. After STS-115, the rescue mission designations were based on the corresponding regular mission that would be replaced should the rescue mission be needed. For example, the STS-116 rescue mission was branded STS-317, because the normal mission scheduled after STS-116 was STS-117. Should the rescue mission have been needed, the crew and vehicle for STS-117 would assume the rescue mission profile and become STS-317. All potential rescue missions were to be launched with a crew of four, and would return with ten or eleven crew members, depending on the number of crew launched on the rescued shuttle. Missions were expected to last approximately eleven days. None of the planned contingency missions were ever flown.

No contingency mission was planned for STS-135, the final shuttle mission. Instead, NASA planned to effect any required rescues one-by-one, using Russian Soyuz spacecraft.

Flight	Rescue flight
STS-114 (Discovery)	STS-300 (Atlantis)
STS-121 (Discovery)	STS-300 (Atlantis)
STS-115 (Atlantis)	STS-301 (Discovery)
STS-116 (Discovery)	STS-317 (Atlantis)
STS-117 (Atlantis)	STS-318 (Endeavour)
STS-118 (Endeavour)	STS-322 (Discovery)
STS-120 (Discovery)	STS-320 (Atlantis)
STS-122 (Atlantis)	STS-323 (Discovery)
STS-123 (Endeavour)	STS-324 (Discovery)
STS-124 (Discovery)	STS-326 (Endeavour)
STS-125 (Atlantis)	STS-400 (Endeavour)
STS-134 (Endeavour)	STS-335 (Atlantis)

Flight statistics

Timeline of missions

Template:Shuttle timeline

See also

• International Space Station construction
• List of Buran missions
• List of human spaceflights
• List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
• List of Soyuz missions
• List of Space Shuttle crews
• List of Space Shuttle rollbacks

Bibliography

• Chen, Adam (2012). Wallack, William; Gonzalez, George. eds. Celebrating 30 years the Space Shuttle Program. Washington, D.C., United States: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-090202-4. https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo25159. Retrieved 11 October 2012. 
• Duggins, Pat (2007). Final Countdown: NASA and the End of the Space Shuttle Program. United States of America: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3146-0. https://archive.org/details/finalcountdownna00dugg. 
• Goodwin, Robert (2001). Space Shuttle – STS Flights 1-5 – The NASA Mission Reports. Canada: Apogee Books. ISBN 1-896522-69-6. 
• Heppenheimer, T.A. (2002). Development of the Space Shuttle: 1972–1981. United States of America: Smithsonian Press. ISBN 978-1-58834-009-2. 
• Jenkins, Dennis R. (2007). Space Shuttle: The History of the National Space Transportation System. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-9633974-5-4. https://archive.org/details/spaceshuttlehist0000jenk. 

External links

• NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions
• NASA ISS Consolidated Launch Manifest
• Unofficial Space Shuttle Manifest