Biography:Nikolay Basov

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Not to be confused with Nikolay Baskov.
Nikolay Basov
Николай Басов
Basov in 1964
Born
Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov

(1922-12-14)14 December 1922[1]
Usman, Tambov Governorate, Russian SFSR[1]
Died1 July 2001(2001-07-01) (aged 78)[1]
Moscow, Russia[1]
Resting placeNovodevichy Cemetery, Moscow
Alma materMoscow Engineering Physics Institute
Known forInvention of lasers and masers
Spouse(s)Ksenia Tikhonovna Basova[2]
ChildrenDimitri Basov (physics professor at Columbia University)
AwardsNobel Prize in Physics (1964)
Kalinga Prize (1986)
Lomonosov Gold Medal (1989)
Edward Teller Award1991)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsLebedev Physical Institute

Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Russian: Николай Геннадиевич Басов; 14 December 1922 – 1 July 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes.[3]

Early life and education

Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov was born on 14 December 1922 in Usman, Russia, the son of Gennady Fedorovich Basov and Zinaida Andreevna Molchanova. Basov finished high school in 1941 in Voronezh, and was later called for military service at the Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy. In 1943, he left the academy and served in the Red Army participating in the Second World War with the 1st Ukrainian Front.[4]

In 1945, Basov entered the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI).[1] In 1950, he began his postgraduate studies at the MEPhI, although he worked on his Candidate of Sciences thesis at the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI)—under the supervision of Mikhail Leontovich and Alexander Prokhorov—receiving his degree in 1953. Basov defended his Doctor of Sciences thesis, A Molecular Oscillator, in 1956.[4]

In 1950, Basov married Ksenia Tikhonovna, who was also a physicist. They had two sons, Gennady (born 1954) and Dmitry (born 1963).[4]

Career and research

Basov was Director of the LPI from 1973 to 1988. He was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991) in 1962 and Full Member of the Academy in 1966.[1] In 1967, he was elected a Member of the Presidium of the Academy (1967—1990), and since 1990 he was the councillor of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1971 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[5] He was Honorary President and Member of the International Academy of Science, Munich.[6][7] He was the head of the laboratory of quantum radiophysics at the LPI until his death in 2001.[3]

In the early 1950s Basov and Prokhorov developed theoretical grounds for creation of a molecular oscillator and constructed such an oscillator based on ammonia. Later this oscillator became known as maser. They also proposed a method for the production of population inversion using inhomogeneous electric and magnetic fields. Their results were presented at a national conference in 1952 and published in 1954. Basov then proceeded to the development of laser, an analogous generator of coherent light. In 1955 he designed a three-level laser, and in 1959 suggested constructing a semiconductor laser, which he built with collaborators in 1963.[1] Basov with co-workers proposed Disk laser in 1966 [8] and realized experimentally the thin disk active mirror semiconductor lasers.[9] He developed with colleaguaes the first nonlinear theory of coherent addition of laser sets. [10] N.G.Basov encouraged the researchers in nonlinear optics in Lebedev Institute who discovered the optical phase conjugation. [11] Together with Lebedev Institute researchers he realized the robust method of the phase-locking of laser arrays via optical phase conjugation in Stimulated Brillouin scattering.[12] [13]

Basov's contributions to the development of the laser and maser, which won him the Nobel Prize in 1964, also led to new missile defense initiatives.[14]

Basov died on 1 July 2001 in Moscow at the age of 78, and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.

Politics

He entered politics in 1951[clarification needed] and became a member of parliament (the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet) in 1974.[15] Following U.S. President Ronald Reagan's speech on SDI in 1983, Basov signed a letter along with other Soviet scientists condemning the initiative, which was published in the New York Times.[16] In 1985 he declared the Soviet Union was capable of matching SDI proposals made by the U.S.[16] [clarification needed]

Awards

Year Organization Award Citation Ref.
1964 Sweden Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Nobel Prize in Physics[lower-alpha 1] "For fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle." [17]
1986 France UNESCO Kalinga Prize[lower-alpha 2] "For his work to interpret science and technology to the public, notably through his many publications aimed at informing the public on science." [18]
1989 Soviet Union Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Lomonosov Gold Medal[lower-alpha 3] "For outstanding achievements in the field of physics." [19]
1991 United States American Nuclear Society Edward Teller Award[lower-alpha 4] — [20]

Books

  • N. G. Basov, K. A. Brueckner (Editor-in-Chief), S. W. Haan, C. Yamanaka. Inertial Confinement Fusion, 1992, Research Trends in Physics Series published by the American Institute of Physics Press (presently Springer, New York). ISBN 0-88318-925-9.
  • V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). Semiconductor Science and Technology, Volume 1. Semiconductor Lasers. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-11-2.
  • V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). Semiconductor Science and Technology, Volume 2: Quantum Dots and Quantum Wells. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-12-0.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Shared with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Townes.
  2. ↑ Shared with David Suzuki.
  3. ↑ Shared with Hans Bethe.
  4. ↑ Shared with Heinrich Hora, John Nuckolls, and Chiyoe Yamanaka.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov. Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/basov/biographical/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Basov Nikolay Gennadiyevich"[Usurped!]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/basov/biographical/. 
  5. ↑ List of Members. Leopoldina.org. Retrieved on 30 July 2020.
  6. ↑ International Academy of Science (1989) Selection of IAS-ICSD Founding Members .
  7. ↑ History – International Academy of Science, Munich . Ias-icsd.org. Retrieved on 30 July 2020.
  8. ↑ Basov, N G; Bogdankevich, OV; Grasiuk, AZ (1966). "Semiconductor lasers with radiating mirrors". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 2 (4): 9 B4. doi:10.1109/JQE.1966.1073948. Bibcode: 1966IJQE....2Q.154B. 
  9. ↑ Bogdankevich, OV; Darznek, SA; Pechenov, A N; Vasiliev, BI; Zverev, MM (1973). "Semiconductor electron-beam-pumped lasers of the radiating mirror type". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 9 (2): 342–347. doi:10.1109/JQE.1973.1077470. Bibcode: 1973IJQE....9..342B. 
  10. ↑ Basov, Nikolai G.; Belenov, E. M.; Letokhov, Vladilen S. (1993). "Diffraction synchronization of lasers". CIS Selected Papers: High-Power Multibeam Lasers and Their Phase Locking. Proceedings of SPIE. 2109. pp. 134–144. doi:10.1117/12.160374. 
  11. ↑ Zel'dovich, B Ya; Popovichev, V I; Ragul'skii, V V; Faizullov, F S (1972). "Connection Between the Wave Fronts of the Reflected and Exciting Light in Stimulated Mandel'shtem-Brillouin Scattering". Sov. Phys. JETP Lett. 15 (6): 109. Bibcode: 1972JETPL..15..109Z. 
  12. ↑ Basov, N G; Zubarev, I G; Mironov, A B; Michailov, S I; Okulov, A Yu (1980). "Laser interferometer with wavefront reversing mirrors". Sov. Phys. JETP 52 (5): 847. Bibcode: 1980ZhETF..79.1678B. 
  13. ↑ Bowers, M W; Boyd, R W; Hankla, A K (1997). "Brillouin-enhanced four-wave-mixing vector phase-conjugate mirror with beam-combining capability". Optics Letters 22 (6): 360–362. doi:10.1364/OL.22.000360. PMID 18183201. Bibcode: 1997OptL...22..360B. 
  14. ↑ "Soviet ballistic missile defense and the Western alliance", David Scott Yost. Harvard University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-674-82610-8, ISBN 978-0-674-82610-6. p. 58
  15. ↑ "A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine", Francis Leroy. CRC Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8247-0876-8, ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4. p. 174-175
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "The strategic defence initiative: US policy and the Soviet Union", Mira Duric. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0-7546-3733-6, ISBN 978-0-7546-3733-2. p. 43-45
  17. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1964". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/index.html. 
  18. ↑ "UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science". UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes/popularization-science?hub=67581. 
  19. ↑ "Большая золотая медаль им. М.В.Ломоносова" (in ru). https://www.ras.ru/about/awards/lomonosovgoldmedal.aspx. 
  20. ↑ "Edward Teller Award". https://www.ans.org/honors/recipients/award-teller/. 



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